MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN
HEYE FOUNDATION
1962
^UL 2 2000
•Varies,
^ITHSOT^
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE
MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN
HEYE FOUNDATION
VOL. XVIII
INDIAN PLACE NAMES
OF NEW ENGLAND
Compiled by
JOHN C.HUDEN
NEW YORK
MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN
HEYE FOUNDATION
1962
Library of Congress catalog card number 62-18399
Printed in Germany at J.J. Augustin, Gliickstadt
TO
Grace Braem Huden
with much love
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword vii
Preface ix
Historical Background ix
Population Estimates x
Linguistic Aids xi
Alien Tongues Involved xi
The Approach to the Problem xii
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction i
Pronunciation 3
Spelling 6
Translating Algonquian Place Names 8
A Word about Maps 12
Indian Place Names of New England 15
Appendix 299
Dictionary of Grammatical Roots 301
Place Name Glossary 369
Camp Names 377
Bibliography 387
Index 395
FOREWORD
The native geographer has come and gone in New England ; as
is true of so many aboriginal inhabitants, his was a light touch
which left little impress upon the land. Because the White emi-
grant to the region had little understanding of the various local
dialects, and even less interest in native cultures, by and large the
names the Indian gave to his landmarks have disappeared. Many
of these have survived in extremely distorted forms, and only a
small proportion of the currently-used place names are clearly
defined and readily translatable Indian terms. This is an unfor-
tunate loss to our historic heritage.
As part of a continuing interest in the preservation of informa-
tion related to all aspects of Amerindian life, this volume is
published in an attempt to bring together as large a body of data
as possible relating to the toponymy of New England.
The compiler, John C. Huden, has been active in the study of
the early Indian history of New England for the past forty years.
He is familiar with several Algonquian dialects, and has spent
many years of intensive research into the particular field of
place names. From these researches has come an extended
record of publications on the subject. Currently on the faculty of
the University of Vermont, Dr. Huden has a background of first-
hand acquaintance with the region and its aboriginal inhabitants.
It is confidently anticipated that this compilation will prove
useful to the reader who is interested in the Indian background of
New England. It is also hoped that it will encourage the publi-
cation of other studies of a similar nature, so that in due course,
the Indian place name structure of the entire United States will
be available in published form* While there are many titles in the
literature on the subject, much is yet to be done.
The Museum is particularly grateful to Dr. Huden for his untir-
ing efforts in gathering together this information before it is
entirely lost, and also to Mr. Lawrence K. Gahan for the generous
loan of his notes pertaining to the Massachusetts area.
Frederick J. Dockstader
May, 1962 Director
vii
PREFACE
Many years ago, J. Hammond Trumbull remarked that, "trans-
lating of [Indian] names in Southern New England is far more
difficult than in "new" states [Michigan, Minnesota, etc.] where
Algonkian is not a dead language. Half the Indian names in Rhode
Island are so corrupt as to defy analysis!" (Trumbull, 1912, p. 68).
This declaration can be applied as arbitrarily to all of New
England. Many place names included in this, and other compila-
tions, continue to resist satisfactory translation. Native languages
were very difficult for New England colonists, most of whom
were not the best of penmen — nor, in many cases, even masters
of English usage. Many Indian locatives were first heard from
terrified, unwilling lips by prejudiced Puritans — circumstances
hardly conducive to linguistic clarity! It is not surprising, then,
that a colonist who speUed his own name six or eight different
ways would employ a half-dozen variant spellings of a Wampanoag
term in a single document.
Even educated English officials had trouble with dialectal
differences between such closely-related tongues as Wampanoag,
Natick, and Narragansett. Ministers who had studied Latin and
Greek found considerable difficulty when they tried to force
Algonquian phrases into classical moulds. Some early students
attempted to reinforce a then-current belief that the Amerindians
were the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel by applying Hebrew grammar
to Algonquian constructions; Old Testament cosmology was
compared with Indian beliefs, which only compounded the con-
fusion. In addition, many Indian customs and religious ceremonies
were suppressed as pagan, and unchristian; the result was an
inevitable spotty rendition. It is from just such unsatisfactory
bases that the present compilation has arisen.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
It is not the function of this work to set forth anything more
than a very brief review of New England Algonquian history.
For the purpose of orientation, it must suffice to say that, be-
ginning with the arrival of the earliest Europeans, Algonquian-
speaking peoples of the region were continually being mauled,
ix
expelled, exhorted, acculturated or killed. By the end of the
American Revolution, only a pitiful remnant lingered in Connec-
ticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, most of whom could
speak their aboriginal languages imperfectly, if at all. By 1825 the
Algonquian languages of Southern New England were practically
dead. The last fluent speaker of Wampanoag died around 1827,
by which time Narragansett had already followed Nauset, Nip-
muck and Pennacook into oblivion. By a strange set of circum-
stances, Mohegan survived until the death of Mrs. Fidelia Fielding
in 1908 (Speck, 1928, pp. 223-225).
Thus, in three hundred years from the Pilgrim landing at Ply-
mouth Rock, the Wampanoag, Natick, Nipmuck, Narragansett,
Pequot, Mohegan, Wappinger, Mahican, Pocumtuck and Pennacook
tongues had all disappeared, leaving only an assortment of poorly-
transcribed and ill-understood place names as their monuments.
In the North, Abnaki, Malecite and Micmac still survive.
Fewer than 2,000 Maine Indians, mostly mixed bloods, today
use dialects derived from their ancient language.
POPULATION ESTIMATES
Swanton (1952) indicates that in 1600 there were from 25,000 to
30,000 Algonquians in New England, speaking upwards of 20
dialects. The i960 U. S. Census presents official figures totaling
some 6,084 New England "Indians," most of whom are mixed
bloods. It is therefore obvious that from 1600 to i960, New Eng-
land lost about eighty percent of its Indian population, together
with ninety percent of their native languages.
Although there are no accurate population statistics available —
the colonists rarely made fine distinctions between the various
tribes — the following estimates have been compiled by James
Mooney (1928). This classic study, based upon painstaking evalu-
ation of all of the historical material available, remains the most
reliable compilation we have to date.
NEW ENGLAND ALGONQUIAN POPULATION IN 160O
Abnaki 3,000 Pennacook 2,000
Eastern Niantic 400 Pequot 2,200
Mahican 3,000 Pocumtuc 1,200
Mohegan 2,200 Wampanoag 2,400
Narragansett 4,000 Wappinger i,75o
Natick 1,200 Western Niantic 600
Nipmuck 500 TOTAL 27,450
Authorities agree that this total would represent the minimum,
rather than maximum, number. It should also be noted for the
purposes of this volume that these figures do not include such
non-New England peoples as the Micmac, Malecite, or Delaware,
nor the Iroquoian tribes of neighboring New York.
The contemporary population figures of the New England region
are of interest, but it must be emphasized that the vast majority
are not full-blooded Indians. As a matter of objectivity, it is
doubtful whether more than a handful of full-blood Indians
remain in New England today, and these latter would be concen-
trated in upstate Maine.
INDIAN POPULATION OF NEW ENGLAND
ACCORDING TO I960 CENSUS
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
923 New Hampshire
1,879 Rhode Island
2,118 Vermont
135
932
97
TOTAL 6,084
LINGUISTIC AIDS
Over these three hundred years, satisfactory dictionaries have
been compiled for only three of the languages concerned, namely
Abnaki, Narragansett and Natick. Although many students have
devoted their interest to the languages of the American native,
very few have been willing to spend the necessary time to organize
that initial tool of linguistic study; rather, they have concerned
themselves with grammatical and comparative studies, often
failing to establish basic vocabularies for use in continuing re-
search by others.
ALIEN TONGUES INVOLVED
Most of the non-Algonquian names found in New England are
Iroquoian, notably Mohawk. There are several historical and
archeological evidences of Mohawk occupation in the extreme
northwestern portion of New England, particularly the Champlain
Valley of Vermont.
Practically all of the Mohawk place names in Vermont included
herein have been taken from French and English maps dated
before 1790; the rest have been gleaned from old documents of
many varieties. These Mohawk names were submitted to Charles
A. Cooke, Thawenensere, for examination and comment just prior
to his death in 1958. His tentative translations were sent to Dr.
Floyd G. Lounsbury for checking [see Lounsbury, i960.)
xi
Cooke was born on a reservation at Lake of Two Mountains,
Quebec, on March 12, 1870. He spoke only Mohawk until he was
twelve, and as a child he made many trips with relatives through-
out the Albany-Montreal-Richelieu-Champlain corridor areas. He
recognized all of the names submitted to him, and suggested many
more. Lounsbury (i960, p. 58) makes this interesting observation
on Cooke's efforts: "Mr. Cooke may have been translating the
European names back into Mohawk in these and in other cases
where an original Mohawk name was not historically documented."
This may well be — but it would have perhaps been fairer to say
that either Huden did not understand Cooke clearly, or else that
Cooke, bedridden and able to work only a few hours a day in his
last years, did not have the energy to supply anything more than
the barest requirements of the task.
THE APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
This is not an original work. It represents a compilation of New
England place names of Indian origin, assembled from maps,
globes, charts, novels, poems, diaries, conversations with infor-
mants, and obviously the material in previous compilations. These
latter sources are listed in the appended bibliography. It is
organized to give the simplest basic information, rather than
extended linguistic analyses; to have done the latter would have
required another several years preparation, and it was felt better
to proceed with the material presently in hand, and assure the
publication of those data, which represent the concentrated
efforts of the past decade.
The form used throughout this listing presents the Indian place
names in boldface type, using the most-commonly-seen spelling;
this is followed by any secondary term, in lightface (such as Lake,
River, Pond, etc.) ; then the location is given by county and state
for all place names included. When followed by?, this indicates
that the place name has been found in early documents, but that
its actual location is not known for certain today. The dialect or
language is indicated in italics; if doubtful, that doubt is shown
by?. Suggested translation of the name, and any comments are
then given, followed by variant spellings or cross-references, the
latter in boldface. Thus all actual place names are in boldface,
linguistic terms are in italics, and the balance is in lightface type
throughout the listing.
xii
Selection of the names to be included has been primarily based
on the occurrence of names on historic or quadrangle maps, their
appearance in a historical document, or in any generally-accepted
work of literature. In several instances, informants have supplied
almost-forgotten * 'undocumented" items. Those which are Indian
translations of names invented by whites (e. g., Majihondopemab-
Hmk, "Devil's Foot Prints," a Penobscot translation of such a
white-invented term), or pseudo-Indian names (such as "Smile
of the Great Spirit," "Indian Lovers' Leap," etc.), have not been
included. Some terms which refer simply to Amerindian folklore,
but which are not truly place names have been omitted, such as
Moshop, Nodumkanwet, and Squant — references to mythological
creatures, sometimes confused with locatives.
Many Indian names are preserved in four, five, or, as in the
case of Winnepesaukee (see pages 6-7), as many as one hundred
forms. In this work, only the major variants are included; ex-
treme cases of linguistic diversity are not used, simply due to
lack of space.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Any compilation of place names depends upon the work of
many people; this volume has drawn from the contributions of
others in even greater degree. Indian informants have been most
helpful, particularly the following Abnaki friends:
Stephen Laurent, Intervale, New Hampshire
Robert-Elie Obumsawin, Odanak {deceased)
Urbain Obumwasin, Odanak
William Simon Obumwasin, Odanak (deceased)
Theofil Panadis, Odanak
John Wadso, Odanak (deceased)
Alice Mast a Wawanolett, Odanak
Oliver Wawanolett, Odanak (deceased)
The contributions of Mr. Charles Cooke have been mentioned, as
have the appreciated comments of Dr. Floyd Lounsbury, Yale
University.
Rev. Thomas M. Charland, O. P., Montreal, and Mr. Herbert
E. Putnam, of the University of Vermont, have aided in matters
relating to Canadian Affairs. The cartographic knowledge of Mr.
Theodore E. Layng, of the Canadian National Archives, Ottawa,
has proven of great assistance in locating map details.
xiii
Translations of certain European languages have been patiently
provided by Messrs. Paul D. Evans, Malcolm D. Daggett, Brady
B. Gilleland, John H. Kent, and James E. Pooley, all of the Uni-
versity of Vermont; and Mrs. Grace B. Huden, of Burlington,
Vermont.
The use of documentary material, together with helpful refer-
ences to many others, has been facilitated by Mr. Harrison A.
Brann, Bailey Library, University of Vermont; Miss Virginia
A. Knox, Connecticut State Library, Hartford; and Mr. L. Felix
Ranlett, Librarian, Bangor, Maine.
Much of the assistance rendered in Massachusetts area place
names was unselfishly furnished by Mr. Lawrence K. Gahan, who
placed his notes and other material at our disposal. In the early
stages of this manuscript, Mr. E. K. Burnett, then Director of the
Museum of the American Indian, offered considerable encourage-
ment and wise counsel.
There are many others, too numerous to mention, who have
been helpful in this task ; but none contributed more in the direct
and back-breaking labors of t5rping, editing and proofreading
than Mrs. Nancy S. AbeU, and Mrs. Grace B. Huden, both of
Burlington. Without these two aides, this volume would truly
have never come into being. To all of the foregoing, and to the
patience and direction of Dr. Frederick J. Dockstader, I am
sincerely grateful.
John C. Huden
University of Vermont
Burlington
January, 1962
XIV
INTRODUCTION
In Dunlap and Weslager (1950, p. viii), the late Frank G. Speck
commented, "Interpreting some of these Indian place names re-
corded by early white scribes who knew nothing about Indian tongues
is like trying to juggle sand." [Italics mine — JCH]. This volume
will amply demonstrate the truth of that observation. While many
of the place names herein listed can be readily translated into
English, some completely defy analysis, and a few cause the would-
be interpreter to doubt whether they be truly of Indian origin.
Relatively few aboriginal names have persisted in the northeast.
For instance, only two of the six New England states — Connecticut
and Massachusetts — have Indian names, as compared with at
least twenty-four of the fifty United States at large. This general
percentage carries on through all of the toponymy of the region.
Most of the names used today are English in origin, although
French has left its mark, as have a few other European tongues.
In some instances, original Amerindian names have been re-
placed by English names suggested by the original, viz. : Mosketu-
auke, Rhode Island, eventually became Mosquito Hawk, an ob-
vious rendering of the fancied sound. Others, such as Naumkeag,
now Salem, and Sicaog, now Hartford, were completely lost and
replaced by English names with no references to the original.
Indian names are almost invariably common appellatives. New
England Algonquian place names could be, and have been, plain
words which appear throughout the region; in fact, Algonquian
dialects were (and a few still are) used all along the Atlantic sea-
board from Nova Scotia to Virginia. These dialects are some-
times very similar to each other, much as the English use of
honour as compared with the American honor — or they may differ
completely, as English petrol and American gasoline. The differ-
ences are usually noun localisms ; grammar and general construc-
tions normally parallel closely, and in all cases, the wider differ-
ences indicate long periods long of separation of the two dialects,
either in time or in space.
New England Indians did not develop a naming system of the
type more familiar today. Rarely did they use terms referring to
far-away places. Common terms were employed for places in their
own neighborhood, as we do for sections within our own fre-
quently-visited areas — farms, cities, towns, or counties. They
renamed places and persons almost at will. Lacking writing, they
were unable to consolidate these terms, thus no gazetteer devel-
oped to firmly establish a given form.
Historically speaking, many Indian place names did not linger
very long. Since 1600 the Connecticut River has been known
variously as Counnitegou, ("Long River"), Manigana tica uoit
("Mahican's River"), Sicojocke ("Mud People"?), and Sokoquois
("South People's River"), etc. ; the Mahican, Sicojocke and Sokoki
are gone, their names all but forgotten — but Connecticut, the
Long River, is still there. Similarly, Lake Champlain has been
Petow-pargow or Peton-bowk (the "double pond," or "pond
between") to the Algonquian peoples, and Caniadieri Garont
("lake with a bulge") to Iroquoian-speaking Indians. Massa-
chuset, "place of the big hills," (the Blue Hills near Boston),
and the name of the major tribe in that region, now officially
indicates the whole state area.
The usual references to color, vegetation, flora and fauna, natur-
al phenomena and the like, are to be found throughout the topo-
nymy of New England, and in this category, little difference is to
be discerned from place name practices in other parts of the United
States — ^with perhaps only a slightly greater degree of emphasis
upon water-usages (pond, lake, river, etc.).
Designations of tribes, mythological characters, and long-dis-
carded processes or implements are to be found. Hundreds of
personal names of important personages are recorded; most are
at best only approximated in translation, for meanings of a ma-
jority of these are lost, while many have been suppressed by early
writers as being pagan, ridiculous, or obscene. These proper nouns
give great difficulty, for often they are further distorted by at-
tempts to Anglicize not only the form of the name, but often its
meaning — a process almost guaranteed to entirely obliterate any
resemblance to the original! Furthermore, many Indians were
known by more than one name, which only increases the confusion ;
Massasoit, "the great commander," was also known as Osamequin,
"yellow feather." Such dual usages were quite common.
But perhaps the simplest cause for error arose from the basic
inability of either side to communicate. When the colonial White
£Lsked the Indian the name of a given place, the latter often replied
by giving his own personal name, thinking this was what was
requested. And out of just such simple misunderstandings have
come many of the place names of the nation.
PRONUNCIATION
Completely aside from the matter of translating Indian place
names is the question of their actual sound as spoken by natives.
It has already been remarked that a majority of the colonists
were barely fluent in English, and thus could hardly be expected
to handle such alien tongues as Abnaki, Narragansett or Pequot
with ease. Moreover, the unfamiliar sounds could give completely
different meanings if even slightly mispronounced. Therefore, the
first emigrants into the New England region found themselves in
linguistic trouble almost immediately upon landing.
The lack of written gazetteers, together with the very few
dictionaries or other written records, makes the problem extremely
difficult. So it is that the matter of indicating correct pronuncia-
tion amounts to a practical impossibility today. Such linguistic
studies as have been compiled to date show all too clearly how
difficult is this matter of accurate sound. Laurent (1884), for
example, gives three pages of extremely detailed directions for
pronouncing Abnaki. Even such standard references as The
Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, and The Encyclopedia
Americana give varying renderings of similar terms, apparently
based primarily upon local usage.
Many of the more commonly-used Indian terms have come to
enjoy what may be called a "standard" pronunciation, and this is
usually found in the larger dictionaries. Yet it must be emphasized
that at this late date there cannot be anything like a "correct**
pronunciation of most of these terms. For this reason, this work
avoids almost entirely the matter of syllabication and pronunci-
ation. Just as in English the sound har in various contexts wil-
indicate "to bear," meaning to carry or support; "bare," indicatl
ing clear, treeless, or nude; or "bear," referring to an animal, just
so are there homonyms in Indian tongues which require context
for reasonable interpretations.
Saugatuck has been uttered as Saw'gatuck, Sawgat'uck, Sawga-
tuck* and Soggertick — all referring to the same place. In the Natick
Dictionary (Trumbull, 1901, p. ix), Edward Everett Hale wrote,
"with good sense, Eliot used the English [alphabet] letters with
the sounds which Englishmen gave them," and, "In Sherman^s
translations, Latin vowel sounds were used, so Eliot's wadchu
(mountain) appeared as uijuii.'*
As a youth, this compiler knew some of^the last Mont auk and
Mohegan speakers. Wyandank Pharaoh, a Montauk, used to say
Zzungee\ (it's cold!), but Mrs. Nonesuch, a Mohegan, would ex-
claim, Ssonkeel None of these old people could construct whole
sentences, but they had quite a store of nouns, such as torup
("snapping turtle"), pootap ("whale"), nitop ("friend"), etc. They
could, and did, use parts of the Lord's Prayer (Speck, 1928, p. 251),
and a simple grace before meals; apparently these passages came
to them word-of-mouth from great-grandparents who "fit in the
Revolution."
We have tried to determine contexts, and the translations in
this work reflect contexts wherever found. An attempt has been
made to furnish generally-accepted spellings, relying primarily
upon that form most commonly used in the region involved.
Variants are essentially those which seem to represent secondary
usage.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to establish any "guide to pro-
nunciation" which would be consistently helpful for the terms in
this volume. Not only have the forms undergone the extreme
changes mentioned previously in this section, but there were as
many exceptions to the rules of pronunciation in Algonquian as
exist in English. One can generalize, for instance, that in Maine,
place names have no silent letters ; that those letters usually have
but one sound, which must be learned by imitation ; and that the
stress varies in a given word, but normally the strongest accents
fall towards the ends of words. Yet an examination of some
Maine place names immediately reveals some of the hazards in
trying to establish rules :
1. Monosyllables are few, but are usually pronounced as spelled.
Example: Quack.
2. Names with two syllables usually stress the first:
Apskek Ap'skeck
Cobscook Cob'skook
Essick Ess'ick
Saco Say'ko [but also Saw'ko, and Sack'o)
Winskeag Wins'keeg
3. Polysyllabic names usually stress the second or third syllable,
but this rule is not rigid:
Metinic Me-tin'ick
Pemetic Pem-e'tick
Pemskudek Pem-skood'eck
Agawam- Ag'a-wam {but also Aga-wam')
Aquadoctan Ak-wa-dock'tan
Matinicus Ma-tin' e-kuss
Madahumuck Ma-da-humm'uck
Pemjeedgewock Pem-jeej'e-wock
Pemtegwatook Pem-teg-wa'took
4. Names formed of many combined syllables break into several
forms, and must be learned by practice :
Aguahassideck A-gwa-hass'ee-deck
Alnambi kwaysah wayk Al-nam'bi-kway-sa'wake
Talagodissek Ta-la-go-dee'seck
The Southern New England language groupings follow some-
what similar rules, even to the matter of inconsistency, viz :
1. Words of one syllable are rare, and usually may be readily
pronounced as spelled, e. g., Paug.
2. Words of two or three syllables usually stress the first syllable :
Acqueet Ak'weet
Gatumb Cat'umb
Mystic Mis' tick
Seipican See'pi-kan
Sippican Sip pi-kan
Wekopee Week'o-pee
3. Polysyllabic words tend to stress the latter ends of words,
although this is not rigid :
Connecticut Co-nek' ti-kut
Wesquadomeset Wes-kwa-dom'e-set
Poohookapaug Poo-hook' a-pog
Mishimayagat Mish'ee-may'a-gat
Nunkatusset Nunk-a-tuss'et
Massanagtakwonah Mass'a-nag-tak'wo-nah
In conclusion, this quotation from Speck may be of some
pertinence. Speaking of Mohegan-Pequot, he wrote, ". . .no doubt
the phonetic qualities of the dialect have been somewhat corrupted
by a long period of contact with the English this dialect is
phonetically uniform with other southern New England divisions
except for the y distinction in the transposition of r, 1, n, y. ..."
(Speck, 1928, p. 226).
To sum up : In the absence of standard reference works, about
the only way to achieve a competent pronunciation for an Indian
place name in most of New England is to divide it into syllables
representing Indian root-meanings and put the stress in the
middle or toward the end of the word.
SPELLING
Reference has been made to the problems involved in the
"proper" transcription of Indian terms. Fanny Hardy Eckstorm
makes a cogent point concerning this matter in her comments on
the lack of a fixed spelling. She points out the confusions between
similar words, and asks,
How did Captain John Smith pronounce his EUzabethan English ren-
dition of Indian words ? And if, in going further, we today try to ex-
plain Smith's EUzabethan-English-Indian forms, or we use the Gallicized
Abnaki of Father Rasles, we only compound the difficulty. Our best
authority of Modem Abnaki, Father O'Brien, veered inconsistently be-
tween Enghsh and French notation; unfortunately, he did not live to
revise his work. Who shall say today how his words should be transcribed ?
Yet upon the sound he meant may depend the grammatical root of the term
in question." (Eckstorm, 1941, pp. xx, xxi. Italics mine-JCH.)
As a simple demonstration of the other side of this coin, the
following list is presented, which includes fifty variant spellings,
all of the same place name, as found on various official documents.
And it should be noted that this is a selected list — there are over
fifty more variant spellings for this same body of water ! Even so,
who is to say which of these many forms is "correct," and which is
"wrong" ? At this late date, there can be no rule other than the
arbitrary decision of most-common-usage, or the dictum of a
quasi-official Geographic Board. And both of these authorities
can as readily decide in favor of an accepted spelling which might
be totally unintelligible to the original propounders of a given
place name, were they to return to the scene today.
Wenapasicke
Wenapesioche
Wenepesioca
Wenepesiocho
Wenepesiokee
Winassosawque
Winepisackey
Winepiscocheag
Winepiseoka
Winepisokey
Winipasekek
Winipisaro
Winipisiocke
Winipisioke
Winipisioky
Winipisokee
Winisipisiokie
Winnapissaacka
Winnapissiaukee
Winnapresseakit
Winnapusseakit
Winnapussykat
Winnepesaukee
Winnepeseochee
Winnepisoogee
Winnepissk
Winnepissocay
Winnepossockey
Winnipesse
Winnipiseoca
Winnipiseoce
Winnipiseokee
Winnipisocy
Winnipissacca
Winnipissiaikee
Winnipissioca
Winipiseocee Winnepesocket Winnipissiocky
Winipishoky Winnepiseoge Winnipissoake
Winipisiackit Winnepiseokee Winniposockett
Winipisiakit - Winnepisioco Winnopisseag
Winipisinket Winnepisiokee Winnopusseag
To settle this vexing matter, the State of New Hampshire de-
creed that the "official" spelling shall be Winnepesaukee. Who can
argue at this late date which is the most correct form ? *
* Yet, even as this volume goes to press, a new "official state map" has
just been published by New Hampshire, on which Lake Winnipesaukee
appears (!).
TRANSLATING ALGONQUIAN PLACE NAMES
Here are some very general rules by which the reader may
develop an understanding of the technique followed by the com-
piler in arriving at a meaning of many of the place names in this
volume. While this is by no means a "do-it-yourself kit" for such
translating, it is hoped that these suggestions may enable a
student to achieve his own analysis of many Algonquian terms.
1. Seek the original or earliest available spelling of the name.
This is important, for unless you can establish a fairly early
form, your translation may go seriously awry.
a. What dialect does it presumably represent ?
b. If the name contains a v, f, or the ph diphthong, it is
probably miscopied; these sounds are absent, but can
be easily mistaken in hearing Algonquian speakers.
Thus: Maffachusetts is patently Massachusetts spelled with the
old-fashioned J, usually printed in more recent times as f. An-
other: Foxon, from Poxon.
c. Remembering that b sometimes changes to p, that d may
change to t, and that 1, n, r, and y are interchangeable
from one dialect to another, cast the place name into
several forms .
Thus: Bash Bish from pashpishau, and Bantam from Peantam.
Also, cognates, such as nitap and nidoha, are from Natick and
Abnaki, respectively; both mean "friend."
d. Bear in mind the historical shift of r to 1 in Abnaki.
Words spelled with r in Old Abnaki are now customarily
found with an 1 in Modern Abnaki.
2. Using Algonquian groupings, break the name into syllables.
In this, you must seek the basic root, or root-word— a funda-
mental sound or group of sounds which convey an idea
(usually some kind of action).
De Forest (1851, p. 41) explains the problem as follows:
"[Indian language has] the power of uniting various syllables
of different words, into one new word, which should express
all of the original terms from which it was compounded. Thus
8
a Delaware (kindred dialect of the Mahican) girl in playing
with a dog might give utterance to her pleasure by exclaiming
Kiiligatschis, that is, "thy pretty little paw." This word
would be compounded from K' , *'thy," wulit, "pretty,"
witchgat, "paw," and the diminutive, schis', so that four
equally distinct and perfect words would be melted into an-
other equally perfect, which would contain only part of their
sounds, but the whole of their meanings." Thus, the farts of
those sounds remaining were the roots.
The root word sesek or sisikw (the root is actually s-s-k) conveys
the idea of "rattling," as seeds rattling in a dry gourd; a ceremonial
turtle-shell rattle; dry beans or pea pods; or a rattlesnake. Another,
-be- or -pe-, is found in many words pertaining to "water," as nehe, or
Winnipesaukee. The root -tp- is found in antep, or ontop, meaning
"head." Also, -tn- and -dn- are roots for the inseparable -adn-, "moun-
tain," as found in Monadnock.
Sometimes only the root appears in compound words, as Algon-
quian languages are highly agglutinated — ^that is, built up from other
words, all telescoped into one. In Hampden, Maine, there used to be
a high glacial sand bank (long since carried away for gravel), called
Tolbuntbessek, "turtle head," because of its shape. The word has this
analysis: tolheh, "turtle," antep, "head," plus the locative -essek.
Hence, "turtle head place," or in more grammatical English, "at the
place of the (sand bar resembling a) turtle head."
3. See if the syllables are root words similar to those in other
analyzed names. A listing of such roots is helpful (for ex-
amples, pages 301-368 of this volume).
To analyze Moskwastooxees : look up a similar term, Moskwaswa-
gamok, the meaning of which is given herein as "muskrat lake." Thus
the first part of your word, Moskwas, probably means "muskrat."
Your root list gives tuck, or took, as "river, driven by waves"; you
also have took-sees, as "brook, or rivulet; diminutive." The name
Moskwastooxees, then, probably means, "muskrat's little river,"
or, more grammatically, "muskrat creek."
4. Then, check this against context: could the meaning indeed
refer to the place name ? Does it make sense ? If your term is
attached, say, to a mountain peak, but seems to translate as
a waterway (highly unlikely, but it does happen), then there
has either been a loss of a syllable, or else the spelling has
undergone a major change in the past. There is always the
chance that the name was affixed to the locale by a
white settler, in error. However, do not require too tight an
application of this rule — ^let it suffice that the name makes
reasonable sense as an appellative. At this distance from the
original source, you are working in a vast sea of uncertainty;
it is easy to find yourself swamped !
In order to test the formula suggested above, here are a few
examples of Algonquian terms, with their analyses :
Lake Shoonkeek Moonkeek, in Berkshire County, Mass. This
was traditionally Mahican territory, but since there are no
satisfactory Mahican vocabularies, the related Delaware (Brin-
ton, 1888) was used. Confirmation was found in Tooker (1911),
which includes many Delaware terms.
1 . The oldest available spelling is Shonkamonk.
2. Dividing this into syllables, we get shonk a monk.
3. This is somewhat similar to Ouschankamaug, a Delaware term
derived from ousacheu, "slippery," and -amaug, "fishing place."
Also found is schachamek, "slippery things caught with a hook,
i. e., "eel."
From this, we decide that Shonkamonk (and therefore Shoon-
keek Moonkeek) means "eel fishing place."
4. This makes complete sense, since this lake (now called Pontoosnc)
has indeed many eels. The -eek endings of this term are apparently
humorous Anglicized additions.
Housatonic River, in Connecticut and Massachusetts:
1. The older available form is Ousatonuc.
2. Divided into syllables: ous-a-tan-uc.
3. Apparently ous derives from Delaware awossi, "beyond, the other
side, over;" -atan- is the inseparable form of "mountain;" -uc is a
locative ending, "place of."
4. Hence, Housatonic means, "place beyond the mountain(s)." This
makes complete sense, since Mohegan people said that they, as
well as the river, came from "a place beyond the mountain." A
variant form, House of Tunnick, is a poorly modified Anglicization
of the original. (See also Aswahdenick, apparently an Abnaki
cognate of Housatonic).
But a word of caution should be introduced here : it is usually
unsatisfactory to try to unravel, say, Abnaki, by means of Natick
root- words. Although there are many similarities shared by the
two, (and other cognate tongues), generally speaking such an
attempt is as risky as trying to use an Italian dictionary on
French words. Your average will be about the same — you may get
the general sense of the meaning, but almost never will you
10
achieve any precise translation, and you may get a completely
wrong interpretation.
To make the problem more difficult, the same form may give
considerable confusion unless the root words as originally used by
the Indian people can be located. For example :
A. Winnisquam Camp, Chittenden County, Vermont. Abnaki, "at the
top of the tree."
B. Winnisquam Lake, Belknap County, New Hampshire. Abnaki,
"sahnon fishing around here."
Note that these are the same word, same tongue, but have totally
different meanings. The first entry derives from the original wanaskiwi,
meaning, "end, end-place, top place, or summit." The suffix -quam, or
kwam, is peculiarly Abnaki for "tree" in composite words. Hence,
wanaskiwi-quam telescope into Winnisquam, meaning "top of the tree."
As a final test. Camp Winnisquam is adjacent to a huge apple orchard.
In the second form. Lake Winnisquam also has been passed along as
an Abnaki or Pennacook term. In this, originally winne- means "here-
abouts, or the neighborhood around here," while mskuamagw refers to
"red fish," or salmon. Thus, a reasonable translation of winne-mskua-
magw would be, "around here, there are salmon."
In like manner, other terms are confusing until the histories as
well as the etymologies are considered. Squam, in Essex County,
Mass., is often confused with Squam Head, on Nantucket. Squam
was originally Wanashquompskqut, from wanasq, "top, summit,*'
plus -ompsk, "rocks," plus -ut, "thither.'' Taken together, these
yield, "at the summit of the rock," and so it is, geographically. In
course of time, this has been eroded to Squam, or Squom. But the
Nantucket term derives from mi shquam manock, "red fish," or
salmon. It, too, has lost syllables over the centuries, leaving only
the middle form to contemporary usage.
And, in closing, another example of lost-syllable confusion is
Tomheganompskut, which is due course has become Higganum.
Without knowledge of the historical changes which some of these
terms have undergone, any accurate translation of a term like
Higganum would obviously be impossible.
II
A WORD ABOUT MAPS
In preparing this work some 500 maps were consulted, chiefly
topographic quadrangles of New England dating from the early
1900's. These were painstakingly examined; every Indian-appear-
ing name was noted, then checked against standard vocabularies.
Following this, maps of New France, Nova Scotia, New England
and adjacent territories were checked with equal care. The more
important such sources are listed below.
In northern New England, early French and English map
makers wrote Mohawk, Huron, Abnaki, Pennacook, Malecite and
Micmac names as they heard them; since there was no written
aboriginal language, spellings could not be checked. Likewise,
pioneer Dutch, English and German scribes entered names as
their European ears registered the two-score dialects used in Mass-
achusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. It is not surprising,
therefore, to note that Winnepesaukee is found in at least one
hundred spellings ; that Memphremagog (erstwhile Mehemsabegek,
long J, or s miscopied) is now speUed with a ph where none such
appears on early maps; or that Montaup became Mount Hope.
Changes within languages can be traced through map entries,
as Wambighe to Umbagog; Ouramon into Olamon; etc., as Old
Abnaki gradually became Modern Abnaki. Maps also contribute
to errors; the continuous process of copying and re-copying of
various editions of maps which were published throughout the
early days left a synonymy which will probably never be entirely
unravelled.
Some old maps yielded many names, as Father Joseph Aubery's
fine 1715 chart of New France and New England. Others provided
fewer names, and some none at all. The same observation applies
to most charts up to about 1750, by which time many Indian
names had been replaced by English. For example, Naumkeag,
Massachusetts, had been renamed Salem; and Sicaog, Connecticut,
had become Hartford. Very few "new" Indian names were added
to New England places after 1750 ; most of these were imports or
transplants due to the influence of Longfellow's Hiawatha or the
return of soldiers to New England after the Civil War.
12
Occasionally old Indian names were preserved on relatively
recent documents, as on the Dorchester map of Lower Canada
(1794). On this map alone appears Misquiquaungameck, the Ab-
naki name for the Clyde River.
The following is a summary of only the more important maps
which contributed in a large measure to this study. In addition to
these major topographical charts, extensive use was made of a
tremendous variety of maps in books, pamphlets and other scat-
tered publications.
1542? Author Unknown. Harleian Mappemonde (Plate VIII). Colored
manuscript "Map of the New World." Unsigned, undated; from
the original in the British Museum.
1544 Jean Alfonse, Cosmogvaphie (Plate VI). A manuscript map in the
Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
1550 Pierre Desceliers, Manuscript Map of the World. (Plate XIV),
Original in the British Museum.
1566 Bolognino Zaltieri, II Desegno del Discoperto delta Nova Franza.
Venice.
1569 Gerard Mercator, Nova et Auota Orbis Terrae, etc.
1597 Cornelius Wytfliet, Nova Francia et Canada.
1610 Author Unknown. "Simancas" or Velasco Map, sent by Luis
de Velasco (junior) to Philip III of Spain in 1611. Made for James I
of England.
1613 Samuel de Champlain, Map of Canada and New France. Also 1616.
1624 Captain John Smith, New England; maps to illustrate his Generall
Historic of Virginia.
1627 ? Author Unknown, Nova Belgii, Niew Niederlandt, Nova Anglica,
Almoushicoisen, etc. A Dutch map similar to Visscher, 1720, infra.
1650 ? Unknown French Artist, Chemin des Iroquois.
1653 Samuel de Champlain, Le Canada. A posthumously published
map, similar to his 161 3 work, supra.
1656 Nicolas Sanson, Canada or New France.
1680? Robert Morden, New England and New York.
1688 Karapinski, New France and New England.
1 715 Rev. Joseph Aubery, Carte pour les hauteurs de terre, etc.
1720 CoRELis Visscher, New Map of North America.
1750? The Crown Collection of Photographs of American Maps. Published
by the British Museum in 1895.
1755 ? Thomas Pownall, Grand Pass from New York to Montreal.
1762 William Brassier, Survey of Lake Champlain, etc. A survey made
for Sir Jefiry Amherst.
1763 Captain Carver, et al., A New Map of the Province of Canada, (etc).
1790 ? William Hall, Part of the Province of Quebec, etc.
1794 The "Dorchester Map," Plan of Part of the Province of Lower
Canada, etc. Made on order of Lord Dorchester.
1800- Many local and regional maps made in the Nineteenth Century
1900 were examined, but few yielded much additional information.
13
I900- U. S. Geological Survey, Quadrangles. Several editions, covering
i960 practically all of New England; especially the surveys since 1914.
1903 Sidney S. Rider, Map of the Colony of Rhode Island; Giving the
Indian Names of Locations, etc.
1905 Frank E. Hull and Fred T. Dow, Map of Moosehead Lake, etc.
Made for the Kennebec Water Power Co.
1911 Charles Edward Banks, Martha's Vineyard as known to the In-
dians; Showing its Algonkian Names.
1930 Mathias Spiess, Map of Connecticut circa 1625; Indian Trails
Villages, Sachemdoms.
1955- Many road maps, as furnished by oil companies, gasoline stations,
1 96 1 chambers of commerce, etc.
1959 Vermont Development Commission, Vermont Touring Map and
Brochure.
1961 Connecticut State Highway Department, Connecticut Map
Showing Historic Sites, State Parks, etc.
1 961 Maine State Highway Commission, Official Highway Map 6.
1 961 Rhode Island Department of State, Highway Map Showing
Historic Sites, etc.
1962 New Hampshire State Planning and Development Council,
New Hampshire Tourist Map.
14
INDIAN PLACE NAMES OF NEW ENGLAND
-A-
Abacotnetic Bog, Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, ''stream opening
out from between mountains."
Abagadusset Stream and Point, Sagadahoc County, Me. Micmac,
"little parallel river."
Abagamok West Lake, Hancock County, Me. Micmac, "lake
parallel to" Nicatous Lake.
Abahguit the sound between Lubec, Washington County, Me.,
and Campobello Island, New Brunswick. At one time the
island was the summer home of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Malecite, "something parallel to the main land."
Abahos Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Micmac, "runs parallel
to" [another river].
Abalajackomegus Stream, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"bare, no trees."
Abaquage Pond, Windham County, Conn. Nipmiick, "place
where rushes grow."
Abaquakea Essex County, Mass. Natick, "land of flags or rushes."
Abbouset River, Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "place of going
up stream" ( ?)
Abenaki Lake and Mountain, Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "dawn
land" or "easterners." Other spellings include Wahanakee,
Waubanakie, Wapanakkee, Ahnaki, etc.
Aberjona River, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "junction or
confluence."
Abessah Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "clam
bake place."
Abnaki Indians, one of the major northeastern Algonquian tribes.
Their name, more properly Wabanaki, means "dawn people,"
or "easterners." They lived in western Maine, Carroll County,
N. H., and north into New Brunswick. Today their des-
15
cendants mostly live at Odanak (St. Francis), Quebec. Also
spelled Abenaki, Abenaqui, Wmibanakee, etc.
Abocadneticook now Baker River, Grafton County, N. H. Abnaki,
"the place of the stream opening out of the mountains."
Some translate this "stream narrowed by mountains;"
the interpretation seems to depend on which way one is
looking.
Abocadneticook the West Branch of Penobscot River, Piscataquis
County, Me. Abnaki, see above.
Abocadneticook Pond, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, see above.
Abojedgewak a stream connecting North and South Twin Lakes,
Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "two currents flow, one on
each side" [of an island].
Abol Deadwater Pond and Trail, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"bare, devoid of trees."
Aboljackarmegas Stream, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"[banks of] swift stream, smooth, bare of trees."
Abonegog the Black River, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "open-
ing wide" as it gets nearer the ocean.
Abonesig River, Lincoln County, Me. Modern Abnaki, "small
resting place"(?) or "small baking place. "(?) Translation
depends upon whether the original was derived from abon,
"oven," or "bread," or from abi, "sit down; rest."
Abraquidasset Point, Washington County, Me. See Abagadusset.
Abrigada Hill, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "hiding-
place or shelter." Variant spelling, Abrigador.
Absalona Hill, Providence County, R. L Probably not Indian,
but perhaps named for an Indian named Absalom. (?)
Absalonomiscut Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
of the fish trap" or "where fish are caught in a weir."
Acadia Village, Aroostook County, Me. Micmac, "the earth,"
"the place," or "the land."
Acapasket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
cove," or "at the separated branch. "(?)
Accomack Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "on the other
side."
Accomonticus Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "beyond the little
river." See Agamenticus.
i6
Acemy Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''dry land," [i. e.,
''ashore"].
Achagomiconset Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "where
there are green meadows," as for pasture. Also Ashagomi-
conset.
Achagomiconset Meadow, New London County, Conn. Eastern
Niantic, "place of green pastures or green meadows."
Achetaqupag see Maruscopag.
Achetonsick see Assapumsic.
Acoaxet Bristol County, Mass. Narrangansett, "at the fishing
promontory," or "at the place of pines"(?); or "place of
small fields."(?)
Acocisco see Auco Cisco.
Acokesit River. See Acoaxet.
Acomekes or Acomeques New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"land across," or "place on other side." See Accomack.
Acomes Falls, Androscoggin County, Me. Ahnaki, "high."
Acontaug Brook. See Aguntaug and Aquntaug.
Acoomemeck Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the place
across" (?). An ancient village site.
Acoont River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
across" or "place on the other side."
Acquasimink Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "abode of the
woodchuck."
Acquebapaug Pond, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"before the pond" or "alongside the pond." Also Acqui-
bapaug.
Acquebatuck Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the
end of the river."
Acquedneseth Tract, R. L See Acquidnesit.
Acqueedenuck or Acquidaneck Windham County, Conn. Mohe-
gan? Nipmuck? "place beyond the hill."
Acqueednuck River, a branch of the Pawtuxet. Washington
County, R. I. Nipmuck? Mohegan? "place beyond the hill."
Acqueet River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "boundary
or ending place."
a 17
Acquehadongonock Point, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "place
where canoes are slid out of, or into, water." Probably a
canoe-harbor at a fishing place.
Acquessuc Franklin County, Me. Ahnaki, "place of the slender
trout," the oquassa, [Salvelinus oquassa).
Acquettink see Aquidneck.
Acquidnesit Tract, Washington County, R. I. Narrangansett,
"place beyond the hill."
Acquiunk Falls and Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"under a tree."
Acqunkoke or Acquunkquoke Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"elevated place," or ''high land," gunnunkque ohke.
Acrupsak the Hobart Stream, Washington County, Me. Micmac,
"rough, rocky bottom."
Acunepequash Brook, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "high
level ground."
Acushena Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag? NausetP "at the
cove," or "swimming place" ? or "wet place"? or "fish weir"?
Ai;ushnet City and River, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett,
"at the cove," or "wet place."
Adden Mountain, Essex County, Vt. If Indian, possibly from
Ahnaki, "a mountain." See Misadene. [But the -adn- root
is normally not found isolated; perhaps this is an English
name].
Adogenadesk Wolve's Rocks, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"place lashed by storms."
Adonniate Thompson's Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk,
"it is a point."
Adowaukeag Hancock Point, Hancock County, Me. Malecite,
"near the knoll where the current runs out."
Adowaukeskeag Falls Point, Hancock County, Me. Malecite,
"at the ridge where the strong tide goes out."
Agamenticus Lake, Mountain, and River, York County, Me.
Ahnaki, "a little river which lies behind an island at its
mouth," or perhaps "other side of the little river." Variant,
Aggamantukoos. See Sasanow.
Agamuntaeg Pond, Franklin County, Me. Ahnaki, "place on the
other side of the river." See Agamenticus.
i8
Agawam Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "low land/' or, "land
overflowed by water;" also, "place to unload canoes."
Agawam Hampden County, Mass. (two such places); also in
Plymouth County, Mass. Nipmuck, "low land," or "over-
flowed by water;" also "place to unload canoes."
Agenyateonnia Colchester Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk,
"point at the end."
Aggamoggin Strait, Maine. See Eggemoggin.
Aghenibekki River. See Kennebec.
Agicomook Stony Creek, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac,
"sheltered haven." Found also as Aigiocomock, Ajicomick,
etc.
Agiochook is Mount Washington, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki,
"at the place of the concealed one." Variant, Agiocochook.
Agiscohos see Aziscoos.
Agoncy a mythical { ?) Indian place near the mouth of Penobscot
River, Waldo County, Me. Huron, "an island." Anciently
Aguncia, q. v.
Aguadocta just west of Saco, York County, Me., on 1690 map.
Abnaki, "at the end of the portage, where we take canoes
out of the water."
Aguahadongonock several localities along the Maine Coast in
York and Cumberland Counties. Abnaki, "the place where I
draw (canoe) out of the water," as at the end of a portage.
Aguahassideck Fort Point, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "landing
place for canoes." This term was also applied to places where
otters slid into the water; "otter-slides."
Aguahega Damariscove Island, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "a
landing place" for canoes.
Aguncia Waldo County, Me. Probably Huron, "an island." See
Agoncy.
Aguntaug Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "under
a tree," or "big tree place."
Aguspemokick Island, Gould's Island, Newport County, R. I.
Narragansett, "short narrow straits." See Aquopimokuk.
Agutteback Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "kettle pond."
This was originally aucuck paug or ohkeek pog; it is near a
soapstone (steatite) deposit where Indians made kettles,
2* 19
dishes, ladles, etc. Another source translates this as "herb
pond," from ohkeit paug.
Ahampatimshauge Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
''beyond the round pond (where rushes grow?)" or "place
of small pointed stakes," (some sort of garden fence?)
Ahapaconsett Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "flags or
rushes" to make mats for covering.
Ahbasak and Ahbaysauk Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Me.
Abnaki, "where we bake and dry soft shell clams" (steamer
clams, Mya arenaria).
Ahionwatha variant of Hiawatha, q. v.
Ahmelagognetercook Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "at the
place of drying and curing" [fish and game].
Ahquahunwansuh Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "here
the flat land ends," or "the plain ends here."
Ahquanahaganoc Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "a sweat bath."
See Pissepimk.
Ahquannis Sowamsoo River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, "boundary of Sowam's country,"
Ahqueedaiikee Belknap County, N. H. Pennacook, "drag-up place
[i. e., landing-place] for canoes." Also Ahquedaukenash.
Ahsedakwasic Turner Brook, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki,
"stick pointing to a branch of the stream," a type of direc-
tional sign for canoe travelers.
Ahumpatimshaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "beyond
the round pond," or "little pointed stakes place."
Ahwassoos Aden Orange County, Vt. Abnaki, literally "bear
mountain."
Ahyosupsuck Pond, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place
of wild hemp."
Aigio commuck Stony Creek, New Haven County, Conn. Mohegan,
"at the enclosed place," or "sheltered harbor."
Akoaxet See Acoaxet.
Akusenag Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the cove."
(now Dartmouth).
Akweekek a hill near Eddington, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the steep place."
20
Alamascook See Alamoosak, Allamoosook.
Alamoosak Lake, Hancock County, Me. Garbled Malecite, "at
the fish spawning place."
Alexander see Wamsutta.
Algonkine Point, Grand Isle County, Vt. See below.
Algonquin Mountain, Washington County, Vt. If Micmac, ''at
the place of spearing fish [as at the bow of a canoe]." If
Algonquin, "people of the other shore."
Algonquin State Forest, Litchfield County, Conn. See above.
Alipconk Village, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, [a Wap-
pinger sub-group] "over-flowed place."
Alkarmus Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "insect which
causes oak-galls."
Allagash Lake, faUs, and stream, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"bark cabin," or "birch-bark shelter."
Allagash Falls, lake, river and village, Aroostook County, Me.
See above.
Allagask wigamook Churchill Lake and Mountain, Piscataquis
County, Me. Abnaki, "at the bark cabin lake."
Allahtwkikamoksis Pond, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "at
the little field where much game has been killed."
Allamoosook Pond, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "place of the
small dog." See Alum.
Almouchicoisen This name, which appears on several old maps,
refers to the Indians of northeastern Massachusetts, south-
eastern New Hampshire and adjacent Maine. Abnaki, "little
dog people."
Alnambi-i-menahan Old Town, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"our own [Indian] people's island." cf. Laurent (1884) :
alnoba, "Indian;" pogui alnobak, "full-blooded Indians."
Alnambi kwaysah wayk Indian Point, Hancock County, Me.
Micmac? "Indian point," or "our own people's point."
Alnobaganock Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "place of our
[Indian] ceremonial dance." Refers to the Alnobagan cere-
monial dance performed at weddings. There were probably
many such "dancing places."
Alskachewack the Black River, Windsor County, Vt. Abnaki,
"at the great pile of shells." But see Kaskactchawak.
21
Alum Lake, Providence County, R. I. Nifmuck, ''a dog." Appa-
rently the Pequot people called this same pond A'wumps,
q. V. Also Allum, Wallum, etc.
Alum Pond. Several ponds in Worcester County, Mass. See above.
Amaganset Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the well," or
perhaps "at the (council) place where we smoke." Smoking
was commonly referred to as "drinking weak tobacco."
Sometimes translated as "at the fishing place," or "at the
point."
Amalingan the regions occupied by the Mahican in western New
England, Maine, and in eastern New York. This name is
apparently a corruption of Mahican, q. v.
Amanuseag River, same as Ammonoosuc.
Amaseconti Several places of this name in Maine. Abnaki, "plenty
of fish."
Amataconet Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "observation
place, "[?] or "meeting place. "[?]
Ambajack mockamas Falls, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"slantwise of the regular route."
Ambajejus Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "two currents,
one on either side [of an island]" See Abojedgewak.
Ambajemackomas Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "a
little pond crosswise" of the usual route.
Ameriscoggin Several places of this name in Maine. Probably
Old Abnaki, "catching and curing fish." See Androscoggin.
Amessagunticook Farmington Falls, Franklin County, Me. Ab-
naki, "at the place abounding in alewives," or "plenty of
migratory fish here."
Amessecantee now Farmington Falls, Franklin County, Me.
Mahican, "plenty of fish." It is believed that Amessecantee
was an Indian village established by Mahican refugees from
New York and New England around 1697.
Amgopilasig Ponds, Penobscot County, Me. Micmac, "little lakes
tied together by brooks."
Amiciskeag Kittery Point, York County, Me. Abnaki, "fishing
at the point."
Amilcungatiquoke Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "at the
river where fish are caught and cured."
22
Amilesk Big Lake, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, ' 'where
provisions are cured and stored/'
Amilkan Lisbon Falls, Androscoggin County, Me. Ahnaki, "a
fish drying place.'*
Amiskeag same as Amoskeag.
Amitgon pontook Lewiston Falls, Androscoggin County, Me.
Ahnaki, "at the river-falls where fish are cured."
Ammacongan Falls, St. George River, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki,
''fish drying and curing" station. Variant: Ammon-congin.
Ammadamast the Cold Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"fish, or alewives, here."
Ammanatocksuck Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk (a
Wappinger sub-division), "lookout place on a hill near a
brook outlet." See Manatuck.
Ammecungan Falls, Presumpscot River, Cumberland County,
Me. Ahnaki, "where [migratory] fish are caught and cured."
Ammeriscoggin River; same as Androscoggin.
Ammesokantis Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "abundance of
alewives."
Ammocangen Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "a fish-curing
place."
Ammonoosuc River (Lower), Grafton County, N. H. Ahnaki,
"small narrow fishing place." Sometimes spelled Omanosek.
Ammonoosnc River (Upper), Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "small
narrow fishing place." Another spelling, Ammoosuc.
Amobscot Muscongus Island, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki,
"fishing near shore ledges."
Amonontuck Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "lookout
place" [?] See Manatuck.
Amoscommun see Androscoggin.
Amoskeag old name for Manchester, Hillsboro County, N. H.
Pennacook, "a fishing place." Also spelled Amokeag.
Anackatuseck River. Location unknown, Kent County, R. L(?)
Narragansett, "place where brooks join."? Also Anacka-
tusicke.
Ananepeheren Brook, Fairfield County, Conn. ? Mohican, "fish
traps."
33
Anaquacutt Pond and Stream, Newport County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, ''at the end of the river."
Anasagunticook Lake, Oxford County, Me. Ahnaki, ''at the river
with the sandy bottom."
Anchamaunnack kaunack Pond, New London County, Conn.
Mohegan, "at the oak (acorn-producing) grove"[?]
Andiarocte the southern end of Lake Champlain, Addison and
Rutland Counties, Vt. Mohawk, "where the lake narrows" or
"tail of the lake;" also, "dead end of waterway, where lake
tapers off to an end."
Androscoggin County, Island, Lake and River, Me. Ahnaki, "the
place where fish are cured," by drying and smoking.
Androscoggin River, Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "fish-curing
place." Variant, Ameriscoggin.
Aneksassisscuk Island, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "ant's
nesting place."
Anequasset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the abode
of the striped ground squirrel."
Angaakwatchwak Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "place of the
White Mountains."
Angualsicook Mahican, "place of barter." See Annisquassicoke,
Aniadarawdnte the narrows on Lake Champlain near Ticonderoga,
N. Y., and Addison County, Vt. Mohawk, "a lake attached
to another."
Anitaash Pond, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic or
Narragansett, "rotten corn." These Indians would bury ears
of com in muck until they decomposed, then eat them.
Ankokemany Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "path to
the end place."
Ankokemaug Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fishing place
at the end."
Anmessok York County, Me. Ahnaki, "fish here."
Anmoughcawgen Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "place for
curing fish."
Annabessacook Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "at that
particular lake," or "lake where small fish are caught"[?].
Also given as "at the beautiful body of still water."
24
Annahooksett Falls, Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "at
the place of beautiful trees."
Annaquassacook Bennington County, Vt. ? Mohican, "at the end
of the brook (or marshy place)" or "as far as the brook (or
marshy place) extends."
Annaquatucket River and Road, Washington County, R. I.
Eastern Niantic, "at the end of the river," or "at the end of
the tidal current." Possibly also "overflowing river."
Annasnappet Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the source [or head] of the stream." Also given as "place of
shells," and "gravelly brook"[?].
Annawamscutt Creek, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"rock summit"[?], "end of the rocks"[?], or possibly "ruler's
hiU"[?]. Also given as Anowanscut, "commander's rock."
Annawomscut Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the shell
rock," probably a shell heap midden. But see Annawon's
Rock, below.
Annawoncoate Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "ruler's
house."
Annawon's Rock, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, one of
King Philip's most trusted lieutenants, Annawon, was
captured in 1675 near this rock in Squannahonk swamp.
Annisnippi Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "rocks in
water." See Annasnappet.
Annisquam Village and Harbor, Essex County, Mass. Natick,
"at the rock summit," or "end of the rock."
Annisquam an Ahnaki word for "summit" is applied to several
White Mountain peaks in northern New Hampshire.
Annisquassicoke now West Arlington, Rutland County, Vt.
Mahican, "at the end of the boggy place." Also Angualsi-
cook.
Annocotuckett or Annogotucket R. I. See Annaquatucket.
Annursnack Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "lookout
place," or "summit."
Annusautonset River Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"garden hilled up with hoes," or "hoed garden place."
Annuskumikak Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "broken up
land," or "land hoed, ready for planting."
25
Anqepenick Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, ''end of the
sloping land/'
Anqueet Windham County, Conn. Narragansett?" chipmunk place."
Anquepogskit New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the end
of the small pond.''
Aii8handuck see Antashantuck.
Antaghantic Neck, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"turning backwards river" [oxbows].
Antashantuck Neck and Pond, Providence, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"well forested place." See Meshanticut.
Antassawamock Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, from an
expression meaning "other side of Sowam's land,"[?], or
"place of shell heaps." Also given as "backwards-always-
things" i. e., lobsters.
Aokeets Pond, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "hornet place" ?
or possibly, "adversary's place"[?].
Apananawapeske River, Hancock County, Me. Ahnaki, "place
where [the river] opens out [or widens] at the ledges."
Apautuck Rhode Island. A modification of Pawtucket, q. v.
Apehimqunset River, Washington County, R. I. Possibly a cor-
ruption of Aponaganset, Apponaug, or Ponaganset? Narra-
gansett} "flags, or rushes." Other roots suggest, "place of
traps among the stones," and "waiting place at the ledge."
Apistama Cumberland County, Me. According to Douglas-
Lithgow, the name of the Atlantic seaboard from Casco Bay
eastward. Ahnaki, "rocky land."
Apmoojene-gamook Chamberlain Lake, Piscataquis County, Me.
Ahnaki, "lake crosswise" [of the usually-traveled route].
Variants: Appmoojene-quamook, Apmoojenneh-gamook, etc.
Aponahock Brook Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "oyster
place," or "where he roasts oysters;" and possibly, "the
waiting place." See Apponaug, and Abonesig.
Aponake or Aponihauk see Apponaug.
Aponeg part of the Sheepscot River, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki,
"where it widens out."
Appalachia Station, Coos County, N. H. See Appalachian Gap.
Appalachian Gap in the Green Mountains, Chittenden County,
Vt., derives its name either from a Choctaw expression
26
meaning ''a helper," or Muskhogean words describing "people
on the other side."
Appalachian Trail. See above. This pathway traverses the Appa-
lachian system from Katahdin, Maine to Mount Ogelthorpe
in Georgia, a distance of more than 2,000 miles.
Appalachie Pond, Lincoln County, Me. See Appalachian Gap.
However, if this name is derived from Old Abnaki, the term
might mean "a, bare place, devoid of trees," or "treeless
land;" from abol, "open, smooth, bare," plus auke, "country,
land, or place."
Appamapog Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "pond where
rushes [for mats] grow." Also a brook in Berkshire County,
Mass.
Appamatox Cheshire County, N. H. Powhatan (Virginia) ?, "a
resting place," or "resting under a tree." It may have ori-
ginated iiom Abnaki or Pennacook, api-metek, "a bower"[?].
Appaquag River, Windham County, Conn. Windham County,
Conn. Nipmuck, "where flags (for making mats) grow."
Also found as Appaquaog; and see Abaquage.
Appaum Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a trap," or
possibly "a waiting place." Also as Appoam, Umpame, etc.
Apponagansett Bay, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "beyond
the fishing place." Also given as "oyster bay;" "waiting
place" and "jutting reefs."
Apponaug Brook and Village, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"where he roasts oysters," (or other shellfish). Also given as
"waiting place." Other spellings Aponake, Aponihoak,
Aponahock, etc.
Apponecett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "waiting
place."
Apponequet Lake, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "sitting
or waiting place."
Appowick part of Damariscotta River, Lincoln County, Me.
Abnaki, "widening-out place."
Apskikek on Mopang Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the rock place" or "near the boulders."
Aptuxet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fish weir in the
tidal creek," or "waiting place at the small river."
27
Apwonnah Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "oyster" or "he
roasts;" probably where shellfish were baked or roasted.
Aquadocta ancient Abnaki village in York County, Me. Abnaki,
"canoe landing place." See Aquadoctan and Aquidnet.
Aquadoctan now The Weirs, Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki,
"a landing place" for canoes. Other variants: Aquedoctan,
Aquedahtan, Aqiiedaukenash. See also Aquidny.
Aquahattan where the Merrimack River issues from Lake Winne-
pesaukee, Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, "I drag my canoe
out."
Aquanahagonog see Ahquanahaganoc.
Aquantaug Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, ''under
the trees," or "big trees."
Aquapaukset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "end of the
small pond, or swamp."
Aquapauksit New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "at
the end of the small pond."
Aquaquamset River, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, [modified?]
"canoe landing," or perhaps modified Niantic, "rock summit."
Apparently this is misspelled; some authorities trace it to
M'squamicut, "salmon fishing place."
Aquaquesset Bogs, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "end
of rocks place."
Aquassik Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "large boulder."
Aquebapaug Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic, "at the
head of the pond." Also Aquabapaug, Acquabapoge, etc.
Aquedaukenash see Aquadoctan.
Aquedenesick Newport County, R. L Narragansett, "at the small
island."
Aquednesset now Dutch Island, Washington County, R. L
Narragansett, "place of the small island."
Aquednessick Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the small
island." (Rhode Island).
Aquednet, Aquidnic, Aquidy, Aquiday, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the island."
Aquednet Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the island."
Aqueedenuck Washington County, R. I. Nipmuck, "at the is-
land," or possibly, "place beyond the hill."
28
Aqueednuck Kent County, R. I. Nipmuck[}] or Mohegan[}],
"place beyond the hill/' See Quidnic, R. I., and Acqueeden-
uck, R. I.
Aquehedongonock same places as Aguahadongonock, q. v.
Aquehonga Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "high place," or
"high bluff."
Aquene-ut Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, derived from
Chief Aquinuh[?]; or perhaps "place of peace." [An Indian
named Aquetoquash witnessed Metacom's submission to the
English crown in 1662.]
Aquibapaug Pond, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "before or
alongside of the pond."
Aquidneck Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the island."
This translation was supplied by Indians at Rhode Island
in 1637.
Aquidness Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
island."
Aquidnet Point, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
island." Also given as Quidnet.
Aquidnic Rhode Island, Narragansett, "the island."
Aquidny Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "appears as
floating, like a ship at anchor, not under way," or "an island."
Aquidny might be "a knoll rising out of a flat plain."
Aquidy variant of Aquidnic, q. v.
Aquitamosit or Aquitawosit Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "at the end of the meadow or plain."
Aquittukasset Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "lan-
ding place on little stream," or "islands place" [?]
Aqunoonogqutut Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
hollow where a stone stands."
Aquntaug Brook; see Aguntaug
Aquonset Point, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of fortification."
Aquopimokuk Island, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the short narrow straits which separate the island from the
mainland."
Arambec see Norumbega
Aranbega same as Norumbega, q. v.
29
Aransoak The Kennebec River from its source to Norridgewock,
Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, "place of rapids."
Araugacutack New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, ''place of
the furthest cultivated meadow."
Arauscatuck location unknown. Perhaps in New Haven County,
Conn. If so, probably Quinnipiac, "furthest river."[?]
Aresiket River. See Harraseeket
Armonek River; Byram River, between Connecticut and New
York. Siwanoy[l], "fishing place," ox Delaware[l}, "beaver."
Aroosabaug Mirror Lake, Carroll County, N. H. Ahnaki, "bright
pond."
Aroostook County and River, Me. Micmac, "beautiful, or shining
river." See Wallastook.
Arramopskis Falls, on Medomak River, Lincoln County, Me.
Ahnaki, "falls over small rocks."
Arrockaumecook Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "place of
working (curing or drying) fish and meat," or "place of work-
ing (hoeing?) enclosed land," possibly cornfields. See
Rockomeko.
Arrockaumecook Oxford County, Me. See above.
Arrosa-eg see Arrowsic, below.
Arrowamett River, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk? Prob-
ably from the name of an Indian, Aramet or Arramamett,
who deeded land in 1672.
Arrowsic Island and village, Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki,
"place of the obstruction." This island blocks the channel of
the lower Kennebec River. Variant Arrosa-eg.
Arumsunkhungan Island, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"fishing place below the outlet."
Asabeth River, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "wild flax
place." Also translated as "miry place." See Sebethe.
Asamuck Greenwich Creek, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy,
"wild flax" [?].
Asapumsic, Asapumsic, etc. See Assapumsic.
Asawacomuck New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "plan-
tation or enclosure between" [two streams?]
Ascocompamacke Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small
place closed in by boulders."
30
Ascomacut Washington County, R. I. Possibly Eastern Niantic,
"trees at this place," but see Misquamicut. Other forms,
Ascomicut, Askoiuackock.
Ascoochames Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag "snake-like
fish" (eels? pipefish?). Another source translates this as "end
of dwarf pines place."
Ascutney Mountain, Windsor County, Vt. Abnaki, "at the end of
the river fork."
Ashagomisconset see Achagomisconset.
Ashanat see Ashowat.
Ashanteaug Rocks, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"lobsters."
Ashappaquonsett Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "where nets
are spread."
Ashawaug River, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"land in the middle." Spelled also Ashawake, Ashawogue,
Ashawog, Ashawa, etc.
Ashaway River and Village, Washington County, R. I. Eastern
Niantic, "land between" [river branches].
Ashawog River, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"place between," or "land in the middle."
Ashcannunsuck or Ashkannunckset Hampden County, Mass.
Nipmuck "at the place of narrowing" ? or "at the end of the
rocks" ?
Ashimuet Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the spring."
Ashowat a locality between Amston and Federal, Tolland County,
Conn. Mohegan, "place between."
Ashowugh Commock Mystic Harbor, New London County, Conn.
Mohegan, "fishing place in harbor, halfway between" large
island and mainland.
Ashpaquonsett Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place where
nets are spread" to mend and dry. Variant, Ashappaquonsett.
Ashpatuck River, Litchfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "high
place." See Aspanansuck, Aspetuck, Aspmet and Aspotucket.
Ashquoash Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "green garden
stuff," such as melons, squash, etc. One authority gives this
as part of a word meaning "at the end of" [something].
Ashuelot Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "land between place."
31
Ashuelot Berkshire County, Mass. Natick, "land between place."
Ashuelot Mountain, Pond, River, and Village, Cheshire County,
N. H. Pennacook, "to the mountain"? or "place between"?
Also Ashwillet, Jossawilok.
Ashumet Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
spring."
Ashunaiunk River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"rocky point," "stony point," or perhaps "stony stream."
Ashwawott same as Ashowat.
Ashwillet River, Cheshire County, N. H. Pennacook, "place
between" ? (See Nashua) or, "to the mountain," same as
Ashuelot? Also a brook in New London County, Conn.
Askachewack Windsor County, Vt. Abnaki, "near the grassy
mountain."
Askaskwigek Wadjo Mount Anthony, Bennington County, Vt.
Abnaki, "green grass covered mountain."
Askenonton Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk, "a deer." Also see
Ohskenonton.
Askomaekock see Ascomacut.
Askoonkton Location unknown ? Possibly Norfolk County, Mass.
Natick, (?) "live upright tree," or "green tree."
Askutegnik the Sugar River, Sullivan County, N. H. Abnaki,
"at the end of the river fork." See Ascutney.
Asnacancomic Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "ait the
long stone house." Another spelling, Asnacomet.
Asuebumsket Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "rocks
upon rocks," or "boulder cliff."
Asneconick Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
field enclosed by stones." [or "stone house" ?]
Asnela Island. Orson Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, an
Indian rendition of the English "Orson Island" [Asen elan),
in the Penobscot River. Orson was an Abnaki chief there
before 1793.
Asnemscusset Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the swift flowing rocky brook."
Asnuntuck River, Hampden County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "rocky
river."
32
Asnuntuck Brook, Hartford County, Conn. Agawam, "stony
stream."
Aspanansuck Location uncertain. Washington, County, R. I.
Narragansett, "high place," or "brook near the high hiU"[?].
Aspetock River. See Ashpatuck. Variants : Aspetuc, Aspetuck, etc.
Aspetuck Reservoir, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "at the
high place."
Aspetuck River and Hill, Litchfield County, Conn. Probably the
same derivation as Aspetuck Reservoir, above; however,
Tooker gives "fish net place" for this location.
Aspinet Road, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
net place."
Aspinook Pond, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "at
the high place."
Aspotucket Providence County, R. L Narragansett, "at the fish-
net cove." But one authority gives, "at the high place."
Still another says Aspotucket is a corruption of Pawtucket,
"at the falls."
Aspowunk Hampden County, Mass. Nipmvick "place where weirs
are made," "summit," or "lookout place"[?].
Asproom an elevation near Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Conn.
Mahican, "high, lofty, elevated."
Asquam Lake, Mountain, and River, Carroll and Grafton Counties,
N. H. Ahnaki. "salmon place."
Asquam Chumakee the Baker River, Grafton County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "salmon spawning place." Variants, Asquam Chu-
mauke, Asquam Chommeock, etc.
Asqueanunckton Brook, Merrimack County, N. H. Ahnaki, "rapid
stream which extends as far as mountain."
Asqueebapgamuck Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
end of the double pond."
Asquoach or Asquach Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Probably
Natick, "at end of hill," but possibly Nipmuck, "some
squashes. ' ' Another source gives ' 'boulder hill place, ' ' Aps quach.
Assabasset Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the place
between small brooks." Also, "wild flax place" ?
Assabet Brook, Middlesex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the miry
place." Also a river in Worcester County, Mass.
3 33
Assabumbedock Falls, York County, Me. Abnaki, "sloping, sandy
bottom."
Assameekq Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, ''a cave" or
''stone roof."
Assanapset Brook, Providence County, R. I. Possibly Nipmuck,
"where the net was held down by rocks," or "at the small
rocky stream."
Assanotucket Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
tidal stream obstructed by rocks."
Assapumsic Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
where wild hemp is gathered to make cords and nets;" or
"great meadow;" or perhaps "stony crossing place." Spelled
also Assopumsett, Ossopimsuck, etc.
Assatayag Hampden County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "big trees."
Assawaga Worcester County, Mass. Nipmvick, "place between"
or "halfv^^ay place." Also Assowaga, Assawaug.
Assawaga "place between." Like Nashua, there are several such
places in Southern New England. Also Assawaug.
Assawampsett Plymouth County, Mass. Narragansett, "trading
(or barter or exchange) place"? or Wampanoag "place of
the large upright rock" ?
Assawassuck Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "place between"
two brooks. (Locally known as Wassuck).
Assawompset Village, Pond, and Neck, Plymouth County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "at the place of the large rock," or "stone
plain place;" also "trading place" or "place of barter."
Assekonk Brook and Swamp, New London County, Conn. Mohe-
gan, "much green grass at this place."
Assinek or Assunoc "stone place." See Hassunek.
Assinipi Brook, and Village, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"rocks in water."
Assonet Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the rock." This
rock is the famous Dighton Rock, bearing aboriginal rock
markings.
Assonomock Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "place of the rock."
Assoowamsoo Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the halfway
place," or "half way to southwest;" also "other side of
Sowam's place."
34
Assopamukquod Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
giving thanks/' or "place of refuge."
Assowetough see Squaw Betty.
Assunek Worcester County, Mass. Nipmiick, "cave" or "overhang
of rocks" or "ledges place." Variant, Hassunek.
Asticou Northeast Harbor, Mt. Desert Island, Hancock County,
Me. Probably Abnaki, from the name of a chief who lived
there. Some sources claim this is from kaski tegou, Old Abnaki,
"deep river."
Astimoost Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the spring,"
or "at the small stony ford."
Asumsowis Fairfield County, Conn. Probably Paugussett, "a
small fish net," or possibly "a small raccoon."
Asupsuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place where
wild hemps bounds."
Aswaguscawadic River, Aroostook County, Me. A branch of the
Mattawamkeag. Abnaki, "place where a canoe is dragged
through a stream" (rather than carried).
Aswaguscawadic Stream. A tributary of Lake Winnipesaukee,
Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, ''compelled to drag the
canoe through [shallow grassy] stream."
AswaMenick Chittenden County, Vt. ^6w<^^^, "at the place beyond
the hill." See Housatonic.
Atchaubennuck Hill, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at
the dividing place, or boundary;" "Boundary Hill."
Atgatogwisas Places along the Hoosic River, Bennington County,
Vt. Mohawk, "he scoops up fish in a basket."
Atie ompsk a ooe di Mountain (now Moat Mountain), Carroll
County, New Hampshire. Old Abnaki, "dogs at rocks, eating
meat" ? or "wild animals resembling dogs, among the rocks." ?
Attaquahunchonett Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
''at the hill where deer abound."
Attawan Beach, New London County, Conn. Roots not clear, nor
tribe; possibly Eastern Niantic, "hills or dunes." ?
Attawaugan Village, Windham County, Conn. Possibly Nipmiick,
"a knoll, or hill, or height of land." See Adowaukeag, Me.
Attean Lake and Mountain, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki,
from name of Attean (Etienne) Orson, 1793.
3* 35
Attebemeuck Island, Choke-Cherry Island in the Penobscot
River. Abnaki, literally "choke-cherry place." Variant
Atabeminock.
Atthammonasset or Athemonosseck same as Hammonasset.
Attilah Mountain (Bartlett Peak), Carroll County, N. H. If
Indian, this may be a garbled form of attitaash, from the
Narragansett, meaning "blueberries." More likely derived
from Attila the Hun.
Attitash Lake, Essex County, Mass. Natick (or perhaps Penna-
cook?) "huckleberries" or "whortleberries."
Auco Cisco Back Bay, Portland, Cumberland County, Me. Micmac,
"bay muddy" or "cove muddy."
Aucoot Cove, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a small
cove."
Augamtocook Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "great trees
place," or "wading place in the river," or "river cove."
Augomagoit St. Croix Lakes, Washington County, Me. Malecite
or Abnaki? "The place where we wade across."
Augutteback Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "kettle-
pond." See Agutteback.
Aukumbumsk New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "other side
of the rock ledge."
Aiunough-cawgin Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "places for
curing fish."
Auquebatuck Hill Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "top of
tree." Another spelling, Ocquebituck.
Aushpook an ancient Mohegan village in New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "place (or brook) where wild flax grows." ?
Aussatonag Berkshire County, Mass. See Housatonic.
Austunoog see Housatonic.
Autoposit or Autopscot Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the walled-in well or cistern." L. K. Gahan says, "water
drawing place." Also found as "place of wet rocks."
Awanadjo Blue Hill, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, literally, "the
misty mountain."
Awanganis Priestly Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, free
translation, "little canoe harbor" or "little place where we put
canoes in or take them out;" literally "little journey."
36
Awannoa Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Wampanoag, "who are
you"? Hence: "Enghshmen," or "strangers/*
Awasaswi Menahan Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, (literally)
"Bear Island." Variant, Awososwi M'naan.
Awashonks Park and Swamp, Newport County, R. I. Awas-
honks was squaw sachem {suncksqua, "woman who rules")
of the Sogkonates. She gave aid to the English in King Phi-
lip's War, 1675-1676.
Awasoos Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "a bear."
Awassawamkeak Sears Island, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki,
"the shining sandy beach and beyond."
Awassokik Bearcamp River, Carroll County, N. H. Abnaki, "at
the abode of the bear." {Awassos-auke) .
A'waumps see A'wumps,
Awcumbuck near Gales Ferry, New London County, Conn. This
was the residence of Pequot chiefs before the English came.
Possibly Mohegan, "stones used in scraping or drying pelts,
or sharpening stones" ? or "Cecum's place" ? Another sugges-
tion is, "across from the ledges."
Awseed local Mohegan name for the Thames River, New London
County, Conn. Meaning lost ; possibly this is part of a longer
name indicating, "it flows down as far as the bay."
A'wumps Pond; now Wallum Lake, Providence County, R. I.,
and Worcester County, Mass. Pequot, "the Fox," name of a
Quinebaug chief, A'waumps, who lived there in 1673.
Ayasup Pond, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "wild hemp,
or flags, or rushes."
Azicoos Falls, Lake, Mountain and River, Oxford County, Me.
Abnaki, "small pine trees."
Aziscoos Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "small (young) pine trees."
Azoiquoneset Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "small
island where we get [or use] spruce pitch." Possibly for
torches used for spearing fish at night. Another source gives
"yellow point place," or "golden flames," suggested by the
yellow flames of the burning pitch.
Azzastakak the Missisquoi River, Franklin County, Vt. Abnaki,
"contrary to expectations, the stream turns." [i. e., oxbows].
Also Azzasataquake.
37
-B-
Baamchee nungamook Chamberlain Lake, Piscataquis County,
Me. Abnaki, "lake crosswise" of a usually-traveled route.
Baamchenungamis see Baamchee nungamook, below.
Baamchen ungamook Chamberlain Lake, Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "extended stretch across the lake," also "lake that
is crosswise." Other spellings Boamchenungamo and Boam-
chenunquamook.
Babaquamshk Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "split rock."
See Pabaquamsk.
Babbatasset Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the double
brook," or "where the brooks unite."
Baboosic Brook and Ponds, Hillsboro County, N. H. Abnaki?
Pennacook? "sluggish current." However, this name may
come from an Abnaki word babeskw, "a leech or bloodsucker."
Other roots give: "middle brook," or "brook between."
Baddacook Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the round
place." See Pataconk.
Bagaduce The Castine Peninsula, Hancock County, Me. Micmac,
"large tideway stream."
Bahkah soksik the meadows above Third Machias Lake, Wash-
ington County, Me. Malecite, "long straight deadwater."
Bakun Gunahik Crooked Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the crooked island."
Bamedumpkok Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "place of
sand bars."
Bamonewengamok Cross Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki,
"lake athwart or crosswise" of the usually-travelled route.
Banneg Beg Mountain and Pond, York County, Me. See Bonny
nague.
Bantam Lake and Village, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican,
"he prays." [Natick form, peantam).
Bapetanshant or Bapetaushaut Washington County, R. I. Nana-
gansett, "hollow place," or perhaps "a cave," or "hiding
place" ?
Baquag River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "clear water,"
(now Millers River). Also Pa quag.
38
Bashbish Falls and Mountain, Berkshire County, Mass. Mohican,
"it bursts forth," or "it is daybreak." Or Illini, "a water-
fall?" [Natick form, pashpisheau) .
Bash Bish Falls, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, Basha or
Mombasha was shot in the Esopus War, hence, "she is shot."
Baskahegan Lake and Stream, Washington County, Me. See below.
Baskahegan River, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "branch
downstream," or "branch stream that turns down current."
Variants, Bascohegan, Bascanhegan, etc.
Bassoqutogaug Grove Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"where trees were split"? But, if the correct spelling is
Basskutoquoge, then "river branch place."
Bayakosk the Fifth Machias Lake, Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "at the end or source of the lakes."
Bedabek Knox County, Me. Malecite, "head of the bay" at Rock-
land. Variant, Bedabedec.
Beegwatook Pushaw Pond. See Bigwadook.
Beemsquamketook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Anbaki, "pond
in branch of river" ? or "extended sandbars in stream" ?
Beezelake Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. If Indian, perhaps
Mahican? "muddy place" or "sticky place." Another source
gives "water place."
Bellamaqueen Bay, Franklin County, Vt. Probably Abnaki,
modified by French, "good beaver."
Bemidjiwok Treat's Falls, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "where
water runs out swiftly." See Pemigewasset.
Beseck Lake, Middlesex County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the water-
place."
Betcumcasick see Petcumcasick.
Betuckquapock Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger, "round
pond." Variant, Pituquapaug.
Bigaduce Peninsula, Hancock County, Me. See Bagaduce. Vari-
ants, Biguaduce, Bigwaduce, Bagyduce, etc.
Bigwadook Pushaw Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki "bent
stream" or "stream turns."
Bimilick Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Said to be from the name
of a Narragansett chief, possibly abbreviated from Abimelech
[an Old Testament name?]. Also Bumilick, and Bimilikus.
39
Boamtuquet see Pentaquiauktook.
Bog Lake, Washington County, Me. Probably just plain English
"bog;" if Indian, Abnaki for ''pond/'
Boggistow Brook, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, ''turning
place."
Boggochaug Hills, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
turning place." See Packachaug.
Bogochico Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "open, hilly,
land."
Bokajenesquis Island; Jug Island, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"jug shaped place."
Bombazine Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Chief Abomazine, or
Bomazeen, was an Abnaki leader who was killed at Norridge-
wock in 1724. Abnaki, "keeper of the ceremonial fire." See
below.
Bomoseen Lake, Rutland County, Vt. Abnaki, "keeper of cere-
monial fire." Other spellings Abomazeen, Bombazine, Obam-
Saween, etc. William Simon [Obum Sawin], last male Abnaki
resident of Vermont, died in 1959.
Bonnynague Pond, York County, Me. Abnaki, "spread out lake."
Variant Bonnyneag, Banneg Beg.
Bopquam Bay, Franklin County, Vt. Probably modified Abnaki,
"a beaver."
Bosebuc Mountain, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki, "at the outlet
of the spread-out stream."
Boskquenuguk Island, Broken Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "burying ground island."
Bosquenaghook Island, Cemetery Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "island where the dead are buried." Other spellings,
Bosquenoosick, Boskanosic, etc. See also Bosquenuguk. Prob-
ably these all mean "broken land island."
Bosquenoosic Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "little
broken island."
Boxet Pond, Kent County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "small pond."
See Oxoboxo.
Brassua or Brass way Lake, Aroostook County, Me. English-
Abnaki? probably from the Abnaki pronunciation of "Frank,"
a minor chief.
40
Buhsuh-gwuntuk-sug Muddy Cove on Thames River, New Lon-
don County, Conn. Mohegan, "little muddy cove with outlet
in river."
Bumbahook Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "sandy shoal."
Bungamic Landing, Stream and Reef, Cumberland County, Me.
See Bungamug, "boundary-mark."
Bungamug Brook, Cumberland, Me. Abnaki, "fishing place at the
boundary."
Bunganock Pond, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki, "at the boundary
place."
Bunganut Pond, York County, Me. Abnaki, "at the boundary
mark."
Bungay New Haven County, Conn. If Indian, perhaps Quinnipiac,
"boundary marker?" Some say this place takes its name
from a village in Norfolk County, England.
Bungee Brook, Windham County, Conn. If Indian, possibly
Nipmuck, "a boundary." See Bungamug, Me.
Bungy Rock, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "the bound-
mark."
-€-
Cabassauk an ancient name for the Merrimack River, N. H.
Abnaki, "at the place of the sturgeon."
Cabbadetus Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "it is rough, the throat
[of the harbor opening] is closed."
Cabbo Lake, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki[?], "sturgeon."
Perhaps modified from kabbassah?
Cacauwonch Kent County, R.I. NarraganseU[}] "the beginning
place."
Cacumgunsett Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "whetstone
quarry," or "place of high rocks."
Cahass or Cohass see Coos.
Cajacet see Conanicut.
Cajoot a plumbago mine in Washington County, R. I. This name
is not apparently of Indian origin ; no Algonkin roots seem to
apply. However, one source gives "fir tree plain." Also
Cojoot.
41
Calumet Worcester County, Mass. Although this word is not
Indian, it is included here because of the frequent con-
fusion. This derives from Latin-French calamus, "a reed."
Reeds were used in ancient times as ceremonial pipe stems,
hence the common name "calumet" for the so-called peace
pipe.
Cambolassie Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Micmac, "chain of
ponds" connected by streams. Spelled also Cumbolassy.
Canada Falls, Somerset County, Me. Mohawk, "a group of houses"
or "village."
Canada Hill, Cumberland County, Me.; see above.
Canangogum Northwestern Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck,
"the fence or boundary," or "highland" ?
Canapitsit Channel, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
place of the long fish weir."
Canasixet River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "witch hazel
place" ?
Canaumet Reservoir, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"long fishing place." (eels?)
Candatowa Fairfield County, Conn. Paugusset (greatly modified),
"great mountain."
Canestow River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "pickerel
place."
Caneunsquisset Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "high
place," or possibly "high rocky cliff."
Caniaderi Guarunte or Caniadari Quaront Lake Champlain, north
of Shoreham, Addison County, Vt. Mohawk, "lake with a
bulge in it," or "wide lake."
Caniaderi -Oil see Yotenyatarokte.
Canihequi River, Kennebec County, Me. Same as Kennebec, q. v.
Canobeola Essex County, Mass. "long lake"[?] This appears to be
a constructed term ; the dialect or tribe is not recognizable.
Perhaps from Seminole?
Canobie Lake, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "abundant
water."
Canonchet Brook, Lake, and Village, Washington County, R. I.
Canonchet was a Narragansett chief, the son of Miantunomoh.
He was killed by the English in 1675.
42
Canonicut Island, Washington County, R. I. Named for the
famous Narragansett chief, Canonicus, who was active in the
Pequot War, 1637. Also Caunaunacus.
Canopache Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "long fish
weir," or possibly "at the fenced-in water place," or "closed
cove place."
Canopaug Brook and Swamp, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett "a long pond."
Canoza Lake Essex County, Mass. Pennacook "pike," or
"pickerel."
Canuxsawhory mountains around lower end of Lake Champlain,
Vt. and N. Y. Mohawk, "high dwellings."
Capage New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "closed-in place."
Capanagansitt Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
the enclosed (or plugged-up) well;" or "closed-up meadow" ?
See Ponaganset.
Capanewagen now Newagen, Lincoln County Me. Ahnaki, freely
translated as "channel closed up, no choice but to cross here
by land." The most acceptable version is "closed route," or
"stopped-up trip." Variant, Capenawhagen.
Capaum Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "an en-
closed place, or harbor."
Capawack Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag "enclosed harbor,
or place of refuge," or just perhaps "overcast, shut in by
clouds"[?]. An old name for Martha's Vineyard.
Capawong Franklin County, Mass. Mahican? "enclosed place,"
or "stopped-up by the bend [oxbows]."
Capawonk Meadow, Hampden County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "en-
closed place; protected place; place of refuge; stopped-up
by the bend in the river."
Capecorpus York County, Me. Ahnaki, "closed to boats,"? i. e.,
plugged up by sandbars.
Cape Higgon Dukes County, Mass. Just possibly a corruption of
Capoag, q. v.
Cape Newagen see Capanewagen.
Cape Poge Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, see below.
Capissic River, Cumberland County, Me. Ahnaki, "dammed-up
branch." Variants Capisick, Capipissoke, Capesseck, etc.
43
Capmanwagan an old spelling (1623) of Kepan-ahwangan, ''closed
route/' now (Cape) Newagen, q. v.
Capoag Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''enclosed pond, or
harbor." See Cape Poge and Capawack.
Cappacomuck Swamp, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"place of refuge," or "hiding-place,"
Cappiquat Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the refuge-
summit," or "closed-in place." (This is Cuttyhunk Island).
See Poocuttahunkanow.
Cappoquidnet Dukes County, Mass. Narragansett? "island of
refuge." (No-Man's-Land Island.)
Cappowack see Capoag.
Cappowongamuck Franklin County, Mass. Mohican, "place en-
closed by a bend" in the river.
Capsuptic Lake, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki, "dammed-up
spring-fed stream."
Caratunk Lake, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, "forbidden stream,"
or "crooked stream."
Caribou many place names throughout Maine bear this name. All
derive from Abnaki, kalibu, "the shoveler," i.e., "he who gets
his food by pawing or shoveling."
Carrabassett River, Franklin County, Me. Abnaki, "small moose
place," ? or "sturgeon place" ?
Carrartoank Falls. See Curritunk.
Carrituck Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, "crooked swift stream."
See Curritunk.
Cascadnac local name for hills around the White River, Windsor
County, Vt. Abnaki, "at the steep mountains" or "in the
ravine."
Casco Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Micmac, "mud" or "muddy."
Caskak Ches quash Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "squash
gardens" ? or "big thicket" ? or "deer hide" ?
Caskata Beach and Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"a sea snail or periwinkle," or possibly "a sturgeon" [ ?]. Also,
"where grass is mowed," kes asketuh.
Casowetchawege Mountains, Windsor County, Vt. Probably the
same as Skitchewaug, q. v.
44
Cassacubque ledges near Colchester, New London County, Conn.
Mohegan, "at the high rocks."
Cassacubque an ancient village near Mianus, Fairfield County,
Conn. Possibly Siwanoy, "high rocks," (Cos Cob).
Cassomacook New London County, Conn. Hammonassett, "rocky
place."
Catacoonamug Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "great
long fishing place" (eels?). Another authority gives "thirsty
land," kohkuttoonoonk.
Catamawawa North Branch of Marsh River, Waldo County, Me.
Ahnaki, "very rough" ? (k'tamahaga).
Catantaquk Swamp, head of Pachaug River, New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "place of large cedar trees."
Catardin Mountain, Maine. Variant of Katahdin, q. v.
Cataumet Harbor, Neck and Village, Barnstable County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "at the ocean," or "landing place near the open
sea."
Catawamkeak shores of Knox County, Me., near Rockland.
Ahnaki, "principal landing place" for canoes.
Gathance River, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "the principal
fork."
Cathaneu River, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "the main
stream."
Cathanisk Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "main branch of
the stream," or "main stream."
Catumb Reef, near New London County, Conn. Mohegan- Pequot,
"at the place of the great rocks."
Caucaujawatchuk Providence County, R. L Narragansett, "sharp
mountain peak" or "sharp mountain." Found also as Caucan,
and Caucaunjawach.
Caucomgomoc Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "lake
abounding with gulls."
Caucumgomock Mountain, Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, "place
(or lake) abounding with gulls?" Name transferred to the
peak from a lake.
Caucumsquissic Brook, Washington County, R. I. East Niantic,
"at the place where there are small sharpening stones." Another
sources gives, "sharp stones in a cove;" also, "high cliff"?
45
Cawatoquisset River, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
ever-running brook."
Cawcawmsquissick see Caucumsquissic.
Cawkinchawg or Cawgenchaug Middlesex County, Conn. Wan-
gunk, "long swamp."
Cawncawnjawatchuk Providence County, R. I. iV^rr^g^ws^^^, "very
long hill." But see Caucaujawatchuk and Quanquanjawatchuck.
Cawsumsett Neck, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "sharp
rock place," or "whetstone rock place."
Cawwatoquisset Providence County, Conn. Narragansett, "high
place along the brook." But see Cawatoquisset.
Chabanakongkomuk Worcester County, Mass. Nipmvick-Mohegan,
"boundary fishing-place," or "place of separation where we
fish." Some say "Treaty Pond," This is one of the places
rendered as "yo^ ^sh on your side, I fish on my side, nobody
fish in the middle — no trouble." Also Chaubunagungamaug.
Chabatawece Island, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "little
separated place." Also found as Chibaehuesa, Chibachuweset,
Chippacurset, etc. See Chappaquiddick.
Chaboken Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nifmuck, "hell pond."
Literally, "place of separated (spirits)," from tcheppi-ohke.
Chabunnuck between Griswold and Voluntown, New London,
County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the place which bounds or
divides."
Chachabunk kakowok location unknown; somewhere in Wor-
cester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the boundary," or "at
the agreement place."
Chachapacasset Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "near the great
widening out place," or "place of the rocks in rushing stream."
Other spellings Chackapacauset, Checkapaucasset, etc.
Chachapacassett Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "where the
stream divides and opens out," or "torrent rocks place."
Chackacust Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, probably
same as Chacbapacasset, "at the great widening out place."
Another source gives "it burns here" or "fire place."
Chackapacauset Neck. See Chachapacasset.
Chagum Pond, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "a black
bird." (The bobolink? or the redwinged blackbird?) or a
46
variation of shakum, [washakum) ''surface of the sea, the
great provider" ? or "pouring out" ?
Chamcook River, Aroostook County, Me. Micmac, "spawning
place."
Chamquassabamtook Lake, see Chemquasabamticook.
Chanangonum Location unknown; "somewhere in Nipmuck
country," possibly Providence County, R. I. Nij)fmick, "great
reed place" ? Another spelling, Chanangongum, "great paint
place."
Chapomeset Hill, Providence County, R. I. See Chopmist.
Chapomis Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "little separated
place."
Chapompamiskock Providence County, R. I. Narragansett? Nip-
muck? "big fishing place near boundary rock" ?
Chappanacoy Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "(unin-
habited) land, separated from rest."
Chappapemeset Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
extended, isolated beach." See also Chopmist.
Chappaquiddick Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the separated island," from tseppi-aquidne-auke.
Chappaquoit Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
separated place," or "boundary hill place."
Chappaquonsett Creek and Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, "long place (or thing) of separation." ("long creek
separates, etc.").
Chargoggagoggmanchogaggogg Pond, Windham County, Conn.
See Chabanakongkomuk.
Chataguay the Swift River, Carroll County, N. H. Pennacook,
"the principal stream."
Chaubamaug Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "fishing place
at boundary."
Chaubanakongkomun or Chabunakongkomun. See Chabana-
kongkomuk. Mass.
Chaubaqueduck Dukes County, Mass. Same as Chappaquiddick.
Chaubatick Providence County, R. I. An ancient village of the
Narragansett tribe; "at the forked river," or "the river
which bounds."
47
Chaubongum Pond Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "the
boundary mark," or "the limit."
Chawonk Neck, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "great neck" or
"big peninsula."
Cheapschaddock New London County, Conn. Nipmuck, "big rocks
at boundary place."
Chebacco Lake, Essex County, Mass. Probably Pennacook, "big
pond;" but possibly Natick, "crossed over." Another source
gives Old Ahnaki or Pennacook roots, tsibai-ki, "place of
departed spirits."
Chebatigosuk Penobscot County, Me. Malecite, "short way from
river" or "short cut across."
Chebeague Village, Strafford County, N. H. Ahnaki, "almost
separated." See below. Variant, Chebeaque.
Chebeague Island, Cumberland County, Me. Ahnaki, "almost
separated." At low tide a connecting beach is exposed; at
high water the sea separates the two high ends. Literally,
the name means "separated place."
Chebeguadose a large bay in Hancock County, Me. Malecite,
"principal cove" or "great bay."
Chebogardinac Knox County, Me. Penohscot, "at the high hill."
Checapscaddock an ancient Mohegan village. New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "big rocky hill."
Checkechnusset Brook, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Ni-
antic, "at the boundary" or "brook at the place of separation."
Another spelling, Chechechnessett.
Checkecknessett Brook, New London County, Conn, and Wash-
ington County, R. L Eastern Niantic, "at the boundary"
or "at the separation brook."
Cheebeeantups a bald hill near Colchester, New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "a skull." Literally, "a separated head," "a
head cut off the body."
Cheebee At que Seep Monument Brook, the boundary between
Aroostook County, Me., and New Brunswick, Canada.
Passamaqitoddy, "separated by marking (or boundary)
brook."
Chee Coke the falls in the Connecticut River near Bellows Falls,
Windham County, Vt. Pennacook, "the great kettle."
48
Cheekheek Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck? "fire place."
Cheekwakat see Che qua quel Lake.
Cheemahn Island, Long Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"a large island."
Cheepauke Location unknown; probably Providence County,
R. I. Narragansett? ''a, place apart" or "an isolated place."
Cheesechankamuck a branch of the Farmington River, Hartford
County, Conn. Tunxis, "great enclosed place for fishing," or
"big fish weir pool."
Cheetoskeunke Kent County, R. I. Nipmuck or Narragansett?
"at the principal wading-place (ford, or bridge?)."
Chegewanussuck Falls, Lincoln County, Me. Malecite, "large
rapids and falls."
Chegony Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Probably Micmac, "knee
shaped."
Chehockset Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "at the prin-
cipal forest grove."
Chemangase Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"small canoe" ? or "small waterway" ? or "big brant goose" ?
Other spellings Chemagaze, Chemaunguz, etc.
Chemaun Nayaug Chimney Point, Addison County, Vt. This name
is a strange mixture of Chippewa and Natick, "canoe point."
Chemo Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "a large bog."
Chemquam Sabamticook Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"where there is a large lake together with a river."
Chemquassabamticook Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Same
as above.
Chemung Road, Norfolk County, Mass. Delaware, "the great
horn" ? or (modified) Natick, "a canoe" ?
Chemung Strafford County, N. H. If Delaware, "big horn"; if
modified Natick, "a canoe."
Chemunganock Hill and Pond, Washington County, R. I. East
Niantic? This name is badly distorted. Probably "at the
abode of the brant goose"; possibly "big stink place,"
(rotting vegetation) or "place where we put down paddles,"
or "big ash tree place."
Chemunganset Pond. See Chemunganock.
Chemunkanuck Pond. See Chemunganock.
4 49
Chenayok Carroll County, N. H. Ahnaki, "principal neck of
land," the Moultonboro penninsula in Lake Winnepesaukee.
Cheouanasag Falls, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the big
portage."
Chepachague Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "prin-
cipal turning place." Also Chepachuach.
Chepachet River and Village, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "place of separation," that is, where rivers divide.
Also, "boundary place."
Chepachewag River, Washington County, R. I. East Niantic,
"principal turning place." Other spellings Chepacheway,
Chepachuach, etc.
Chepacheweset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "boundary
place."
Chepados Hill, New London County, Conn. Mohegan? "principal
hunting place"? Perhaps, "hill where the big nuts grow.''
Another spelling, Chepadas.
Chepatset Nipmuck territory in the Northwestern part. Provi-
dence County, R. I. Nipmuck, "boundary place" or "place
of separation."
Chepmoxet Island, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "little
separated place," or "Devil's Island," or "Hell Island," i. e.,
"place of the departed spirits."
Chepiwanoxet Island and Village, Kent County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "at the end of the small separated place." (Narrow
neck covered at high water).
Chepontuc Ottauqueechee Falls, Windsor County, Vt. Ahnaki,
"principal fall in river."
Cheppipogut Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the separated
pond" or "place of the out-of-the-way, isolated pond." Also
given as "spirit's-place pond." Variant, Chuppipoggut.
Cheputneticook Grand Lake, the Schoodic system, Washington
County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the place of the big hill stream."
Chequapee Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "rushing water,"
(or "cedar tree?") See Chicopee.
Chequaquet Lake, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the fire place" ? or "it is daybreak," ? or "big swamp place." ?
Also "big hill place."
50
Chequesset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "violent
waters." (Possibly ''great waves because of north wind?" or
"big rock place" ?)
Chesewane Island, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "big
shells," or "great scattered shells," or "large shell heaps."
Also given as Chesewanne and Chesewannock, but see Chisa-
wamicke, Mass.
Chesquonopog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "great long
pond."
Chesuncook Lake and Village, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"at the place of the principal outlet."
Chewonki Neck, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "a great bend,"
or "a large ridge."
Chibachuesa Island (Prudence Island) Newport County, R. I.
Narragansett, "separated at high tide" (from Patience Is-
land) ? Variants: Chibachuweset, Chebbachuesset, etc.
Chibacoweda Patience Island, Newport County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "separated by a passage" i. e., from Prudence Island.
Chibanook Seponac Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "the
big opening."
Chiboctous Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "the big bay."
Chickabi River; see Chicopee.
Chickamug near Stonington, New London County, Conn. Eastern
Niantic, "big fishing place," or "fish-weir place."
Chickamug Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "fish
trap," or "fish weir," or perhaps "a fishing place; the prin-
cipal fishing place."
Chickasheen Brook, Washington County, R. 1. This name might
be Eastern Niantic, Narragansett, or even Nipmuck. It has
several possible meanings: "fish weir," "high water," or
"cedars." Most likely, however, is "big spring."
Chickatawbut Road, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "his house
is on fire," or, "his house is burning violently." The name of
a chief at Weymouth, c. 1621. One source suggests "place of
raging water "[?]
Chickawaukee Lake, Knox County, Me. This is not a genuine
Indian name, but a composite attempt at "good, sweet,
fresh, or drinkable."
4* 51
Chickemmoo Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fish weir."
Chickons Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, ' 'burned place, burned
so as to be clear, ready for planting/'
Chickons Cattones Akees Hampden County, Mass. Natick?,
"small plantation," Also Cottinyakies, Cottinackeesh, Ki-
tikanakish. (But a Chickens lived at Fairfield, Conn., in 1725.)
Chickwolnepy Stream, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "frog pond.''
Also Chickwalnipy, Chigglneepa. See Jigwallick.
Chicomico Creek, New London County, Conn. Nipmuck, "large
enclosed place," or "big house."
Chicopee Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "violent water,"
I (or "cedar tree" ?)
Chicopee York County, Me. See above.
Chikabi see Chicopee.
Chikkabi Hills, Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck, "cedar?" or
"birch bark" ? See also Chicopee.
Chihiucook Grand Lake, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "great
open place."
Chimenasanganum Big Lake, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki,
"at the place where boards are heaped up near the big lake."
Chimkazaooktook Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "big black
stream."
Chimmenticook Lake and Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki,
"principal islands in river."
Chimon Island, Fairfield County, Conn. If Indian, possibly
Paugussett, "he paddles" a canoe? But see Mamachimins.
Chinquist Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big rocks
place."
Chipchug Pond, New London County, Conn. Nipmuck, "place
apart," or "boundary place."
Chipchug Pond, Washington County, R. I. See above.
Chipohke see Cheepauke.
Chiponaug Point, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "separated
or isolated point" ? "place of the large oysters" ? or "prin-
cipal resting place" ?
Chippachaug Mason's Island, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"place separated," apart from main land. Also Chippichuock.
52
Chippachooag Washington County, R. I. East Niantic, "where
it [stream] divides/' or "place of separation."
Chippachuachack R. I. See Chippachooag and Chippuachack.
Chippaciirset Island, R. I. See Chibachuesa. Another spelling,
Chippecurset.
Chippaquiddick see Chappaquidick.
Chippascutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the place
of separation."
Chippenhook Village, Rutland County, Vt. If Indian, perhaps
Abnaki, "big extended run of water." If not Indian, perhaps
Dutch, as Shippen's Hoek[?] One source gives Natick,
"separated place." See Chibanook.
Chippewa Indians, also known as Ojibwa, were the largest Algon-
quian-speaking tribe. They lived in the region of the Great
Lakes, and Longfellow's Hiawatha includes many of their
legends, although Hiawatha was actually an Iroquoian hero.
Their name is a reference to their puckered-seam moccasin.
Chippopoquet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
place of the separated pond." Also spelled Chuppipoggut.
Chippuachack Washington County, R. I. East Niantic, "at the
boundary hill place." See Quowatchaug.
Chiputneticook see Cheputneticook.
Chipuxet River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "little
separated place," or "isolated small pond."? SpeUed also
Cheppuxet, Chepuckset, etc.
Chisapeak Bay, Merrymeeting Bay, Sagadahoc County, Me.
Abnaki, "at the large part of the river," or "big salt bay."
Chisawamicke Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
old field." Spelled also Chessawanacke.
Chisawannock Bristol County, R.J. Narragansett, "principal
fishing place" ? or "muddy bottom" ? This is Bristol Harbor.
Other spellings Chesewane, Chesewanock, Chisweanocke, etc.
Chochichok FaUs of the Cochecho River, Strafford County, N. H.
Abnaki, "at the rapid current." (Perhaps "big kettle" ?)
Chockalaug River, Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck, "fox
place." See Chockalog, above.
Chockalog Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "fox place" ?
or "burned land" ? See also Chickwohiepy.
53
Chocksett Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "fox place."
Chocorua Lake, Mountain and Village, Carroll County, N. H.
Pennacook, from the great chief whose name may have meant
"sharp knife." (Or perhaps from tsikweres, "a frog." One
source gives "fox.")
Chomowauke Washington County, R. I. East Niantic, misspelling
of Ohomowauke, meaning "owl place," i. e., a place of refuge
or concealment.
Chopequonset Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "isolated
plantation," or "separated fields" or "fields at boundary
place."
Chopmist Hill and Village, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett? "boundary or dividing place." (Given also as "prin-
cipal crossroads").
Chouacoet part of the Saco River, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "at
the outlet." (This name used by Champlain and Lescarbot.)
Chuppipogut Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
boundary pond," or "at the closed-up pond" [kuppi poget) ?
Chuqnisak probably a creek outlet near Yarmouth, Cumberland
County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the muddy place."
Chusick Brook, Hampshire County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "mountain
place."
Cinebaque see Kennebec.
Coaksett Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "pine place," or
"at the place of pines." See Cokesit and Coaxet.
Coassatuck Hill, New London County, Conn. MoheganP or
Niantic? "pine tree place," or "pine tree river." Also Co-
wissatuck.
Coassit Franklin County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "at the pine tree
place." (Probably connected with Koessek, q. v.)
Coasuck Brook, Franklin County, Mass. Pennacook, "pine-tree
place."
Coaticook River, Essex County, Vt. Ahnaki, "the river near the
pines."
Coatue Beach, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
pine tree place." (Also Coatuit, Cotuit, Coituate, etc.)
Coaxet Newport County, R. L Narragansett, "pine place." See
also Cowekesit,
54
Cobosse Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, ''a sturgeon."
Cobossecontee Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "plenty of
sturgeon." Variants: Cobeskonte and Cobbasseeconteag.
Cobscook Bay, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "rocks under
water," or "underwater boulders." In several Maine place
names, cook means "turbulent, eddying currents."
Cocacocks New Haven County, Conn. Quinnifiac, "drinking
place."
Cocasset Pond, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the small
kettle." (Glacial kettle hole?) Also translated "boundary
place" and "pine-hill place."
Cocheco Marsh, Point, Pond and River, Strafford County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "place of the rapid current." Variants, Cochecha,
Cochchechoe, etc.
Cochessett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
small pine trees."
Cochichewick Lake, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "at the
place of the swift current."
Cochikuack Brook, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "fast,
strong, dashing current."
Cochituate Lake and Village, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick,
"place of swift water."
Cochnewagon Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "closed up
route." See Capanewagen.
Cochpinnecote Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
green bank" (grass covered rim?) Also given as "owl's nest
place."
Cockamong River, Byram River, between Connecticut and New
York. See Armonek and Comonck.
Cockampoag Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "long pond."
Also Cocumpaug.
Cockaponset State Forest, Middlesex County, Mass. Wangunk,
"the boundary is at this falls."
Cockenoe Island and Harbor, Fairfield County, Conn. Montauk,
"he interprets and sets things down." From name of the
Indian who arranged Norwalk deeds in 1652. Also Checkinoo.
Cocumcussuc Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic? "high
place" or "place of high rock."
55
Cocumscusset Brook, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic?
''place of high rock." (Given also as "whetstones-place, *'
''stones in brook," and "outlet of cove.")
Coddank New London County, Conn. Mohegan-Pequot, "cleared
land."
Coddude Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the end," or
"thesummit"[?]
Codtaumut Barnstable County, Mass. Wamfanoag, "desired
place"[?], "place of trading" [?] or "where they sing"[?]
Goes Reservoir and Village, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"pine tree."
Coeset Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "pine place." See
Cowekesit.
Coginchaug Brook, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangimk, "at the
place where they cure fish" by drying and smoking. Similar
to Androscoggin. Another source gives "long swamp."
Cohanit Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the long place,"
or "at the pine place" ?
Cohannet Road, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
long place," or "at the pine place."
Cohasset Village, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "high place
(where we fish)" or "at the promontory." See Quonahassit.
Coheassuck Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "pine tree place" ?
or "brook near the pines" ?
Cohoes Brook, Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "a pine tree."
Cohoos Pond, Cheshire County, N. H. Ahnaki, "a pine tree."
Coicus see Nonacoicus.
Cokesit see Coaksett.
Colicum Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "whistling
duck."
Collegewidgwock see Kollegewidgewook. Ahnaki, "mixed rapids."
Collicut Brook, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the place of
flames."
Comet Hollow, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "at the house."
Also given as "long hollow" or "pine hollow." See Asnacan-
conuc.
56
Commquessakumkanet (Herring Pond) Plymouth County, Mass.
Wampanoag, ''at the rock which stands erect." Variant,
Commassakumkanit.
Comonck River; Byram River, between Connecticut and New
York. Siwanoy\_l^, "fishing place."
Comphegan see Quamphegan, * 'scoop net."
Compo Neck, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "long pond" ?
or "scoop net" ?
Compounce Pond, Hartford County, Conn. Named after an old
Tunxis Indian, John Compound; hence Compound's Pond,
etc.
Conamicut Island; same as Conanicut, Quonanicut, etc.
Conampsquenooncoat River, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "at the
long stone ledge." Sometimes given as "long rat meadow
field."
Conanicut Island, Park and Point, Washington County, R. I.
Narragansett, "the especially long place." Named for chief
Canonicus, who died in 1647. Variants Conanticut, Canonicut,
Quonaniquot, Quononicut, Quononiquit, etc.
Conaquetoque Island, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"place of the long stream."
Conaquotoag see Quanacontaug or Quonacontaug.
Conaytuck Brook, New London County, Conn. Nipmuck, "long
stream," or "tall tree" ? Also Connoughtug.
Conconchewachet see Caucaujawatchuk and Cawncawnjawatchuk.
Condeskeag Me. See Kenduskeag, "eel weir place."
Congamond Lakes, Ponds and Village, Hampden County, Mass.
Nipmuck, "long fishing place." Another source gives "parched
land place."
Congamuck Lakes, Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck, "long
fishing place."
Congamund Pond, Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck, "long
enclosed fishing-lake." See Congamuck.
Conic Lake and Stream, Washington County, Me. If this should
be spelled Gonic, it is probably Abnaki, "spearing place."
Conimicut Point and Village, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett;
probably from the name of Canonicus's granddaughter,
Quenimiquet (or Quinimikit).
57
Connaug Pond, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "long
place."
Connecticut Lakes, River, and State. Rising in Coos County,
N. H., the Connecticut flows south to separate New Hamp-
shire and Vermont, then divides Massachusetts and Conn-
ecticut. Hence in several New England dialects, ''the place
of the long river."
Connitic see Connecticut.
Conob Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "long
rock".
Conockonquit Rose Island, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett,
"place at the long point."
Conohasset see Cohasset, and Quonahassit.
Conomo Point and Village, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "plenty
of fish," or possibly, "long fish (eels, or lampreys)."
Consamasset Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "place
of sharp rocks" ? or "place of long fish (eels)" ?
Consamasset Land, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "sharp
rocks place." Also Consamset, Consmassic, Cawsumsett.
Conskuet Island, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
long rock or reef," "at the long outlet," or "the long pouring-
out place."
Consue Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the long soft,
miry place" or "extensive bog."
Consumpsit Rock, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "sharp-
ening rock," "whetstones," or "sharp rock."
Conticoog Branch. See below.
Contocook Merrimack County, New Hampshire. Originally fa-
kunteku, possibly from Ahnaki, "nut trees river," or Naiick,
"small plantation at river."
Contoocook River, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "place of the
river near the pines." Given also as "at the river of the crows,"
but see Coaticook.
Coocatoonemaug Brook and Pond, Worcester County, Mass.
Niprmick, "eel fishing place." See also Catacoonamug.
Cooksacky Rutland County, Vt. Mahican, "snake-place," or
"owl place," or "rocky point."
Coojoot see Cajoot.
58
Coonamesset Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "long
fish place," also "pine place/'
Coonempus Road, Block Island, Newport County, R. I. Narragan-
sett, "long reef" or "long gravelly place'' ?
Coos Intervales, along both sides of the Connecticut River from
Newbury, Orange County, Vt., and Haverhill, Grafton
County, N. H., northward through Essex County, Vt., and
Coos County, N. H. Coosuc [a Pennacook subdivision], "the
place of the pine trees."
Coos County, N. H. Pennacook, "a pine tree."
Coos Junction, Coos County, N. H. Pennacook, "a pine tree."
Coosauk Falls, Coos County, N. H. Pennacook, "at the place of
the pines."
Coosuck now Newbury, Orange County, Vt. Pennacook, "at the
place of the pines." Variant, Koes-seck.
Cooxissett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the grove
of small pines."
Copassanatuxet Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, a modification
of OccMpessatuxit, "cove on small tidewater river or inlet."
Other spellings Copassnetuxit, Copessnatuxit, etc.
Copecut Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "thicket place,
place of refuge; closed-in place."
Copicut Neck, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the closed-
up place."
Copicut River and Hill, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at
the refuge place."
Coppoanissett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "little har-
bor" or "small landing place (for canoes)." Also Coppanissett.
Coquitt Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "an arrow point,"
or possibly, "at the high point."
Corum Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "a valley," or "low
country." Perhaps originally Moonouhkoigeum, "low land,"
later corrupted into Moncorum.
Cosattuck see Coassatuck.
Coschow Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Natick, "high" or
"summit," or from a Wangunk family of that name.
Cos Cob ViUage, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "high rock."
See Cassacubque.
59
Coskata Beach and Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"grove of trees" ? or "broad woods" ?
Cossonowock Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonasset, "long stone
place," or "pestles-place." Also Cassomacook and Cousso-
unacock.
Cotackta Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "hill top," or
"at the summit."
Cottinackeesh Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "little farms
place," or "he digs and plants a field." Also translated as
"ground planted now, little heaps" i. e., hills of com and
beans.
Cottonchusett Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"piled up hills place." A reference to sand dunes, or to hills
of corn and beans ?
Cottoyowsekeesitt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "miry
brook meadow."
Cotuit Barnstable County, Wampanoag, "at the long planting
fields."
Coucomgomoc Lakes, etc. See Caucomgomoc.
Counnitegou The Connecticut River. Abnaki, "the long river."
So spelled on a 1713 map published in France.
Couxsachrage see Koghserage.
Cowamps a locality in Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "shar-
pening rock," or "whetstone rock." Also Cowomsq, Cowomsk,
Cowomsque; these last possibly "sharp, jagged rocks."
Cowasset River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
place of pines."
Cowassit New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the pine
woods." Given also as Cowissick, Koessek, etc.
Cowate Middlesex County, Mass. Nalick, "pine tree place." An
ancient village site.
Cowaude Kent County, R. L Narragansett, "pine place."
Cowautacuck Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "pine woods
place."
Cowekesit Kent County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "pine tree place"
or "place of young pines." Spelled Coweset, Cowesit and
Cowesuck.
60
Cowesawaskoog Peak, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook, "sharp-
pointed mountain place." Possibly the same as Kearsarge, q. v.
Cowesiseck River, Mill River, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "pine
tree place.*'
Cowissewaschook Kearsearge Mountain, Merrimack County, N. H.
Abnaki, "at the pointed mountain."
Cowsigan Narrows, Sheepscot River, Kennebec County, Me.
Malecite, "rough rocks." Also Cowsegan and Cowseagan.
Cowsumpsit Bristol County, R. I. Wampanoag, "place of sharp
rocks."
Cowsumsett Neck, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of sharp rocks."
Cowwaus New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "pine grove."
Cowwautatuck River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"pine woods river." (If Cowwautacuck, "pine woods land.")
Crackatuxet Cove, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "swampy
little stream, or creek."
Crockemago "corn-hoeing?" See Rockomeko.
Cromesit Point, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
fishing place; deserted place," or "deserted fort."
Cumma^d Harbor and Village, Barnstable County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "enclosed place" or "harbor." Also given as
"shore of the island."
Cumnuck Island, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "shut-
in place." (As this island is in a shallow pond, perhaps the
meaning includes "we can walk over to it.") Also Cimmoc.
Cunney Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. (Probably Sawyer's
Mountains?) If this is Indian, it is possibly the same as
EJneo, q. v.
Cupheag a cove near Stratford, Fairfield County, Conn. Paw-
giissett, "at the cove," or "at the enclosed place," or "place
of shelter."
Cuppacomuck Swamp, Ledyard Pine Swamp, New London
County, Conn. Mohegan, "place of refuge," or "enclosed
grove" where we hide from our enemies.
Cuppan augunit an ancient place of refuge north of Stonington,
New London County, Conn. Pequot or Eastern Niantic,
"enclosed hollow place," probably a geologic kettle hole.
6i
Cupsuptic Brook, Mountain, Pond and River, Oxford County, Me.
Ahnaki, "a. closed-up stream." Some Indians say the closure
was a wooden fish trap.
Curritunk Falls, Township and Village, Somerset County, Me.
Ahnaki, "crooked swift stream."
Cushankamaug Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis? "eel-fishing
place." Also, Onshankamaug.
Cushcna Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "wet land?"
"rough country" ? or possibly "near where it (the tide) runs
out."
Cushenag Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wamfanoag, "wet
place." See Acushnet.
Cushnoc near Augusta, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "head
of the tide." Also found as Cusinock, Cushuoog, Kussinak,
etc.
Cusumpe Pond, now Asquam Lake, Grafton County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "choked-up pond." Also possibly, "large rocks."
Cutchegun Rock, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, from
the name of Caleb Cutchegun, an Indian who lived near this
rock. Said to be the largest detached boulder in New England.
The famous Uncas lived near here, circa 1637. ^^so found as
Corchegan.
Cuttoquat Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the great
tidal river." See Titicut.
Cuttyhunk Harbor and Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag,
from poo-cutahunk-anow , "a thing that lies out in the great
water." Another authority gives papaquantuck as a possible
source, meaning "broken land."
Cuxabesis Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Malecite, "little swift
water." Also Cussabexis.
-D-
Daaquam River, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "thy beaver."
Damariscotta Lake, and Village, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki,
"plenty of alewives."
Damariscove Island, Lincoln County, Me. Not Indian? More
likely English, "DamerelFs Cove"[?] See Aguahega.
62
Damisokantic An old name for Megantic Pond, Franklin County,
Me. Ahnaki, modified from Namesokantsik, ''place of many
fish."
Darongowa Apple Tree Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk,
"a large duck."
Dawinehneh Big and Little Otter Creeks, Addison County, Vt.
Mohawk "at the abode of otters" (The Mohawks made a pun
on this name and that of a French missionary, the Abbe
Thavenet, whom they called Pere Dawinet.)
Debsconeag Deadwater and Lakes, Piscataquis County, Me.
Ahnaki, "ponds at the high place" or "ponds at the head of
the waterway."
Deekeewenskek upper Dobsy Lake, St. Croix System, Wash-
ington County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the head or the source of
the river."
Dekaswenkarorens near Swanton, Franklin County, Vt. Mohawk
"a sawmill." The French had a sawmill here in the late 1740's
and early 1750's, on land leased from Missisquoi Indians,
chiefly Abnaki, and Mahican.
Delaware Indians inhabited New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania,
and much of lower New York. Calling themselves Lenni Le-
nape, "real men," they were a confederation of three sub-
groups, the Unami, Unalachtigo and Munsee. Many of the
smaller Algonquian tribes looked upon them as their ances-
tors.
Deowcook Rattlesnake Peak, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican,
"that hill," or "great hill," kdj-watchuk.
Deyehonwakwatha now the Carrying Place, Grand Isle County,
Vt. Mohawk, "with which one picks up a canoe."
Donwagayon meadows in Addison County, Vt. Mohawk, "an old
muskrat lodge."
Douaquec Hancock County, Me. Ancient name (1688) of territory
between Penobscot and Union Rivers. See Douaquet.
Douaquet ancient name for Falls Point, Hancock County, Me.
Malecite, "a ridge;" a glacial kame. See also Adowaukeag.
Dyonondakren probably Mt. Mansfield and Camel's Hump,
Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk, "mountains near to each
other."
63
-E-
Eacklionk River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "this
is the end of the fishing place," or "as far up as the migratory
fish go." Another authority suggests megunk, "a dry tree," or
"a large tree.") See Egunk.
Eascoheag see Escoheag.
Easkissey Hill, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "old traps,"
"little green things," or perhaps "melon vines"[?]
Ebeeme Mountain, Piscataquis County, Me. If Indian, perhaps
Abnaki, "extended." Also given as Ebeemin; in which case
the translation would be "berries," perhaps huckleberries.
Ebenecook Harbor, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "opens out behind
the entrance-place."
Edali andalach sime mook Castine Neck, Hancock County, Me.
Abnaki, "place where they waited and rested."
Edali chichi quasik Cape Rosier, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"the place where it is very narrow."
Edali qu saguh holdemook Prospect Ferry, Hancock County, Me.
Abnaki, "where one goes across."
Edali seback lemook Castine Neck, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"where they waited for the tide."
Edali teh wakeel amook Bald Hill Cove, Waldo County, Me.
Abnaki, "the place where they run up hill" as a trial of
strength and endurance.
Edali weekek hadimook Hampden Narrows, Penobscot County,
Me. Abnaki, "place where they (dwarfs, like Irish leprechauns)
made marks on the cliff."
Edal skowasimook Castine Neck, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"where you would have to wait and keep watch."
Edawi maniwik inlet of Hermon Pond, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "where you can go either way." (Here one has a
choice of two routes downstream.)
Edjida Waskodek cleared place near Orono, Penobscot County,
Me. Abnaki, "grassy place cleared by fire."
Eggemoggin Reach, Hancock County, Me. Malecite," fLshweivplsice."
Egol bayik the Third Machias Lake, Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "long, narrow lake."
64
Egunk Hill, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the turn
or bend" in a river or trail.
Egunk Sonkapaug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, ''at the
turn, a cool spring/'
Ehkapsak Little Falls Stream, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"rocky bottom."
Ekonk Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck? "a bend or turn."
See Eackhonk, and Egunk.
Ekwanok Mountain, Bennington County, Vt. A fake? Many
Vermont students have labelled this as an Indianized form
of "equinox." If it were Indian, its Ahnaki form would be,
roughly, "place of the fog;" if Delaware, "where clothing is
distributed;" if Chippewa, "place of the woman." See Naidni,
and Retaw-erif.
Elandam ook ganop skitschwak the East Branch of the Penobscot
River, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "where the falls go
down like steps." See Skitchewaug.
Elat Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "toward the hills. "[?]
Ellala gwaga waysek Islands, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"where freshets overflow."
Elligo Pond, Orleans County, Vt. If Indian, possibly from Ah-
naki, "a birch bark dish" or "bowl-shaped, or scooped-out."
Some suggest "it is a good" pond, but Day effectively argues
against this on grammatical ground. Also Eligo Scootloon.
Elligo-sigo now Black River, Orleans County, Vt. Ahnaki, "good
river" ? This name, like Elligo above, defies translation.
Perhaps Elligo-sigo means "a good place to plant (or return
to) in the springtime."
Ellitegway gamek a stream connecting Lewey's Lake and Big Lake,
Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "where two lakes are con-
nected by a river," or "waterway which enters into another."
Emikus wassissek Ant Hills Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Penobscot, "at the ants' nests."
Emmetinic Matinicus Island, Knox County, Me. This old form
appears in the Jesuit Relations, 1611. See Matinicus.
Ennenstyacks same as Yennenstyaks, q. v.
Epawames Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "covering tree,"
or "bark-covering of a tree"[?] Variant, Apawamia.
5 65
Epituse probably Fisherman's Island, Lincoln County, Me.
Malecite, "sticking up, you have to go around."
Eptchedgewak Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "up and down-
stream currents (or opposing currents) meet here."
Epuk unikek Harrison's Island, Washington County, Me. Male-
cite , "island you have to go around."
Equies Brook and Swamp, Bristol County, Mass. Said to be
from Mohegan, an abbreviation of "Tantoquieson's." See
Tanta quidgeon.
Erascohegan Parker's Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki,
"a watching place."
Escoheag Village, Kent County, R. I. Quinehaug (a Nipmuck
subdivision), "this is as far as the fish-spearing goes," or "fork
in the river where we spear fish." This is given as "three forks
in the river," or "source of three rivers." Also, possibly from
muskoheag, "red land," or from mickuckaskheek," a meadow."
Variants, Escoheague and Eastrig. See Neastoquaheaganuck.
Escumbuit Island, Rockingham County, N. H. Micmac, "at the
watching place."
Escutassis Brook and Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"brook trout," or "small trout."
Escutnagen Mopang Lake, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki,
"trout lake."
Eskweskwewadjo Bald Mountain, Katahdin Range, Piscataquis
County, Me. Ahnaki, "green tree covered mountain," or
"evergreen hill."
Espowet Creek, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett? or Wam-
panoag? "at the large cove." See also Sapowet.
Esqui wamigook Spruce Island, Washington County, Me. Ah-
naki, "greens right down to the shore," or "place of green
boughs."
Essick Stockton, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "clam place."
These were soft clams, Mya arenaria, used for baking and
steaming.
Eyamquittoo wau connuck Mohegan Village, New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "town or plantation of equals or brothers."
This name was also given to Brothers Town, a New England
Christian Indian settlement at Deansboro, N. Y.
66
-F-
Fennapoo Bowditch Ledge, Baker's Island, Barnstable County,
Mass. If this is Indian, it may be a corruption of a Wampa-
noag word, pennapu, meaning ''sloping seat," or "lobster
trap." However, since F is absent in Algonkian dialects, it
may be from sennapu, "rock seat."
Foxon New Haven County, Conn. Mohegan? Peqiwt? Foxon,
alias Poxon, witnessed deeds in 1640. A possible derivation
may be puck sun, "fiat stone," or "level rock."
-G-
Gaentake now Beaver Brook, Rockingham County, N. H. Penna-
cook, "red river."
Gallowa Several places along the Maine coast; exact locations
now lost. Derived from the mythical Malecite bird (either a
giant eagle or osprey) which could seize and carry away pigs,
lambs, or infants. The Micmac had a similar roc-like bird,
Kidloo-ok, which has traces in Malecite legends surviving in
Washington County, Maine. Also Gallawass.
Ganawes Wood Creek, Rutland County, Vt. Mohawk, "the river."
Ganonwarohare Isle aux T^tes, north of Franklin County, Vt.
Mohawk, "head is hoisted up." See Wdepsek.
Gansett Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanaog, "at the drinking
place," or "at the well."
Gashee Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "warm
pond." Also Gushee.
Gashekwaneh Lake Champlain near West Haven, in Rutland
County, Vt. Mohawk, "big fish spear." Also Kohshahquahna.
Gassabias Lake, Hancock County, Me. Ahnaki, "small clear-
water lake."
Gawaysik see Pokey.
Gawenidakhe Isle la Motte, Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk,
"island alongside" (another island).
Gawenio Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk, "the large or beautiful
island."
Gaywaysick Crawford Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"large body of water."
5* 67
Gebeag Islands, Casco Bay, Cumberland County, Me. See Che-
beague.
Geeyahoo wudchi oose taughannick New London County, Conn.
Mohegan, "we come from beyond the distant (western)
mountains." Said to be the origin of Taconic, q. v.
Genesag arumsis Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite or
Ahnaki, Said to be from gan "bone" and ammsis (modern
Ahnaki, cdamoos) "little dog;" hence "bones for the little
dog"? Probably this is an Indian guide's joke; other roots
give ''clay as white as bleached bones."
Genesee Brook, Washington County, R. I. Onondaga, "beautiful
valley," or Seneca, "there it has fine banks."
Gesquoquasset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "sturgeon
stream," or possibly, "at the wide rocks."
Godmorrocke Marsh, York County, Me. Probably an English
word; but if Indian, possibly Natick, kuhpoke munnohke,
"protected landing place" at island? or kuhpoke munnocks,
"haven of the brant goose" ?
Gonic Strafford County, N. H. Ahnaki, "salmon spearing place."
Gotomska Bristol County, Mass. Mohegan, "big rocks" or "top of
rocky cliff."
Grand Manan Channel, Washington County, Me. A composite
French and Micmac term, "Big Island" Channel.
Greylock Mountain, Berkshire County, Mass. Greylock was the
Waranoke chief of the Missisquoi refugees from Massachus-
setts and Connecticut, plus a few from New York, circa 1723.
Possibly his Indian name was Wahantep, meaning "White
Head."
Guagas Stream, Hancock County, Me. Micmac, "rough stream"
or "low flooded ground."
Guna Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. If Indian, perhaps a
corrupted form of a Mahican word, gunnunk, "a tall standing
tree."
Gunasquamecook ancient name for Indian village at Passama-
quoddy, Washington County, Me. Probably Malecite, "long
point harbor or beach."
Giingy Wamps an elevation near Groton, New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "high rocks."
68
Guonitogou Connecticut River. Pennacook? Ahnaki? "the Long
River."
Gyobscot Point, Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki, ''standing-up
rocks place.''
-H-
Hahkik Watpuk Seal Head, Fox Islands, Washington County,
Me. Malecite, "seal's head."
Hakewamepinke Washington County, R. I. Narragansett "end of
the dry field" ? or "edge of the bank" ?
Hammonassett Beach, Point and River, New Haven County,
Conn. Hammonassett, "at the place of small islands or sand-
bars." Some say, "where we dig holes in the ground" for
planting or for water. Variants, Hamonascitt, Homonasuk,
Ammonassuk, etc.
Hanoi menahanol Five Island Rapids, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "five islands." See Nanenol Mehanol.
Haquessiik Kuppamuke Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"enclosure with stones around it" or "place of refuge at
boundary brook" or "thicket at boundary stream."
Harco monco Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "hook
shaped fishing place" ?
Harraseeket River, Cumberland County, Me. No satisfactory
explanation available; perhaps not Indian. If Ahnaki, per-
haps "full of obstacles, small islands."
Hash kinnet Chaopket Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the great long cove" or "stone field hill summit place" ?
Hasnebumskeag see Asnebumsket.
Hassacky Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "swamp, meadow."
Variants, Hessekee, Hossockie, etc.
Hassamanisco Location unknown. Possibly Hartford County,
Conn. TunxisP "gravelly place" or "place of small stones."
Hassanamesit Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place where
there is (much) gravel" or "at the place of small stones."
Hassawassuck Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "between two
brooks." See Assawassuc.
Road Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, ^'rock
ledge," or "overhanging rocks."
69
Hassunek Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, ''at the stony
place" (Perhaps a ledge; a rock-shelter in an overhang; a
cave?) Eliot gives "a ledge of rocks."
Heagan Mountain, Waldo County, Me. PennacookP "a dwelling."
Possibly named for chief Sampson Hegan, 1698.
Hesseke Meadow New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "meadow
place" or "swampy land."
Hiawatha Lake, Norfolk County, Mass. Onondaga or Mohawk,
"maker of rivers," circa 1550.
Higganum Village and Reservoir, Middlesex County, Conn.
Mohegan ; this is the middle part of Tom heganom psk "quarry
where we get stone for axes (tomahawks)."
Higganum ompos or Higgan ompsk Middlesex County, Conn.
Mohegan? "tomahawk rocks." See Higganmn.
Hinkum Pond, Rutland County, Vt. If Indian, possibly from
Wampanoag or Narragansett, honck, "gray goose," the
Canada goose.
Hoanantum Hill. See Nonantum.
Hobbomoc Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "evil spirit."
Named for a Wampanoag sagamore who helped the Pilgrims
in 1620. Other spellings Hobomoco, Hobbamocke, Hoboomook.
Hobbomocka Hockomock Point, Arrowsic Island, Sagadahoc
County, Me. Ahnaki, "hellish place" or "hell gate."
Hoccanum Hampshire County, Mass. Mohican, "shaped like a
hook" See Hockanum.
Hochelaga Camp, Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk, "at the
beaver dam." This is the ancient name of Montreal, Province
of Quebec, Canada.
Hockamock Swamp, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "hook-
shaped place" or "land formation like a hook."
Hockananimi Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "place very
much hook-shaped."
Hockanum Hill, Franklin County, Mass. Natick, "hook-shaped."
Hockanum River, Tolland County, Conn. Podunk, "a hook."
Other spellings Hoccanum, Hoccanam, etc.
Hockanum Village, Hartford County, Conn. Podunk, "a hook."
Other places and streams of same name in Fairfield and
New Haven Counties.
70
Hocquan Barnstable and Hampshire Counties, Mass. Natick,
"a hook."
Hogamockock Point, Lincoln County, Me. No satisfactory trans-
lation of this old name. Perhaps Ahnaki, "place of the palisade
made of sharpened logs driven into the ground."
Homoganset Shore, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, ''at
the fishing place." (This word may be the remainder of a
phrase meaning in addition, "at low tide there are fresh
water springs.") Also translated as "hunting grounds."
Honkamonk Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican, "hook-
shaped lake" or possibly "wild goose place" (?) See also,
Oushankamaug "eel fishing place."
Hooksett Merrimack County, N. H. See Annahooksett and Onna-
hooksett.
Hoosac Tunnel, Berkshire County, Mass. Mohican, "rock place" ?
or "mountain rock" ?
Hoosac Hill, Rockingham County, N. H. Mohican? "stone place" ?
Hoosac Mountains, Bennington County, Vt. Mahicon, "rim of the
earthen kettle," or "stone place"[?]. Or perhaps Natick,
abbreviated from nohoosic, "a pinnacle."
Hoosic River, Bennington County, Vt. Mohican, "rim of the
kettle," or from the Natick name wussockhosick, "writing-
house."[?]
Hoosichisic Lake, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "place of the
writings." Given also as Hoosic whisic.
Hoosicwhisic Pond, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the place
of the small kettle" ? or "kettle runs almost dry" ? or "place
of the writings" ?
Hosokey Meadow, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "marsh
land" Spelled also Hosokie.
Housatonic River and Village, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahicon,
"beyond the mountain" Other spellings Hoestunnuc, House-
tunnack, House of Tunnick, etc.
Housatonic River, Litchfield and New Haven Counties, Conn,
and Berkshire County, Mass. Mahicon, "at the place beyond
the mountain."
Humarock Plymouth County, Mass. ? Wompanoag? "shell place" ?
or "rock carving" ?
71
Humhaw Brook, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "filled up,
brimming."
Hummock Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. From the name of a
Nantucket chief. Nana Humacke.
Humolatski hegon Roque Bluffs, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"many carvings on rocks."
Huson Tract, Strafford County, N. H. Modified Natick, "a stone."
Also Husow, Whisow, Hussun and Husone.
Hyamiis Village, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, from
Anayanough's Place. Anayanough (or lyanogh, "He who
wages war") was a chief who lived here in the early i6oo's.
Hyponeco Brook, Cheshire County, N. H. Pocumtuck[7] "on
both sides of the falls."
-I-
lagoo Pond, Washington County, R. I. Chippewa, "boaster, or
story teller." A corruption by way of Longfellow's Hiawatha.
lannough's see Hyamiis, "The Warrior."
Igowam see Agawam.
Indian Joe see Sozap Nebees.
Indian Molly see Mali Bowk.
Irocoisia on ancient maps this name was affixed to the Champlain
Valley, embracing the western parts of Rutland, Addison,
Chittenden, Franklin Counties and all of Grand Isle County,
Vermont. See Iroquois.
Iroquois Lake, Chittenden County, Vt. Algonquin, from Iriakhoiw,
plus French suffix -ois, "real adders." This term of hatred
was applied by the Algonquians to the Iroquois people.
-J-
Jabish River, Hampshire County, Mass. If Indian, perhaps from
Mahican, "swarms of flies." Also given as "boundary place,"
or "separated hill," cheppi-ach.
Jamaica Plain and Pond, Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "beaver."
Jamaica Windham County, Vt. Natick, "beaver."
Jebucto Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki[?] from the name of an
Indian who lived at Chebeague in 1680.
72
Jeebege Island. See Chebeague.
JigwaUick Marsh along Lewis Creek, Addison County, Vt. Modi-
fied Ahnaki, "frogs." See Chickwolnepy.
Jimskitikuk Stillwater Branch, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
*''big, still water."
Jossawilock see Ashuelot.
-K-
Kabaumkeag Washington County, Me. Malecite or Ahnaki?
"stopped up by sandbars."
Kachewalunk Pond. See Uncache walunk, "acorn place."
Kachkesset Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "where grass
is cut or mowed" or "green place."
Kadesquitt see Kenduskeag and Condeskeag.
Kaghsk-i-binday a camp ground near Brewer, Penobscot County,
Me. Ahnaki, "cedars."
Kahgognamock (Black River, West tributary of the Penobscot)
Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "big bony fish place."
Kahkoguamook Lake. Same as Caucomgomoc Lake.
Kahnonahjik White Squaw Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "long island."
Kahus weskeete heenouk Washington County? or Aroostook
County? Me. Micmac, "muskrat eaters," or "muskrat
people," a term of derison applied to the Malecite.
Kahwehniyo same as Gawenio, q. v.
Kahyonhes the Otter Creek, Rutland and Addison Counties, Vt.
Mohawk, "long stream."
Kamankeag Pond, Franklin County, Me. Ahnaki? or Malecite?
"near the weir," or perhaps "near the submerged weir."
Kamesset Point, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the place
of great fish;" also given as "pine place."
Kamouraska County, Province of Quebec, Canada. This name
is applied to several places in northern New England, notably
Windham County, Vt. Ahnaki, "birch bark here."
Kanakolus Bay, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "long flame"?
Kananghetne a point near Damariscotta, Lincoln County, Me.
Ahnaki, "a sharp turn."
73
Kancamagus Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. Named for a
Pennacook chief, alias John Hodgkins, 1648. Possible meaning,
"plenty of small fish."
Kangatsigwi Kearsarge Mountain, Merrimack County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "very steep."
Kanionra Chimney Point, Addison County, Vt. Mohawk, "smoke-
hole at the top" or "chimney-hole."
Kanondoro The Narrows at Thompson's Point, Chittenden
County, Vt. Mohawk, "narrow portal."
Kansas Village, Bennington County, Vt. Kaw, "the wind," or
"the south wind."
Kanyagwaronton ridges of hard rock, Franklin County, Vt.
Mohawk, "flint mounds."
Kanyatatakwaronte Lake Champlain (north of the narrows),
Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk, "the bulge in the waterway."
Variant, Ganyadaragwa-ronde.
Kaoosi Menahan Cow Island, Penobscot County, Me. English-
Ahnaki, "cow's island."
Kaouasaki Grand Lake, Schoodic System, Washington County,
Me. Penobscot- Ahnaki, "place of gulls." This name is found
on Father Aubery's map of 1715.
Kappowongamick Hampden County, Mass. Mahican, "place shut
in by the bend in the river." Also Kuppowankomuck.
Karsaootuk Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "pine river."
Kaskaashadi an ancient name for the Merrimack River, N. H.
Pennacook or Old Ahnaki for "deep obstructed, broken
water."
Kaskactchawack River, now the Black River, Windsor County,
Vt. Ahnaki, "at or near the mountains with steep sides."
Kaskekouke now the Hoosac River, near Pownal, Bennington
County, Vt. Ahnaki, modified by French, "steep place."
Kaskoi Menahan Grand Isle County, Vt. Ahnaki, "heron island."
Kaskoo naguk Mark Island, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "crane
island."
Kassanum ganumkeag a "rips" in a stream near Lincoln, Penobs-
cot County, Me. Ahnaki, "rapid current over coarse gravel."
Katachinoc Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "big mountain
place" ?
74
Katahdin Mountain, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, ''the
principal mountain." Other spellings include Ktaahden,
Ktahdin, Taddon, etc.
Katama Bay and Point, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
great fishing place," or perhaps "crab place," Katawamacke?
Katamaug Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the great fishing
place."
Katananuck Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "crab fishing
place" ?
Katawamkeag the Great Landing Place, Lermond's Cove, Knox
County, Me. Abnaki, "the great landing place," or "much
sand exposed when the tide is out."
Katawamskiway see Katawamkeag and Kawap skitchwak.
Kathahnis River. See Cathance.
Katomuckett Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "great
fish place," or "great spring place."
Katopskonegan Falls and Deadwater, the West Branch of the
Penobscot River, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "long por-
tage around rocks" or "portage around large rocks."
Kattenanit Suffolk County, Mass. Named in honor of Job Katte-
nanit, a Natick preacher at Hopkinton circa 1676. Probable
meaning, "great expanse of sea" or "ocean."
Kawakussaki Lake, same as Kaouasaki, q. v.
Kawamasohkakannit Hill, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the field with the pines and the brook."
Kawap skitchwak West Branch of Machias River, Washington
County, Me. Abnaki, "rough, rocky rapids and falls," (like
steps?)
Kawassentekwa bare, rough places along the Connecticut River,
Windham County, Vt. Abnaki, "it falls into the river because
of the high wind."
K'chenamenahan Grand Isle County, Vt. Abnaki, "the principal
(or large) island." Also found as Kitchee Menan, Gitshee
Menan, etc.
K'chi mugwock i menahan Orson Island, Penobscot County,
Me. Abnaki, "big bog island."
K'chi Muskegw Windham County, Vt. Abnaki or Pennacook?
"great (or principal) meadow."
75
K'clii Nay ok same as Chenayok, q. v.
K'chi penabsq' mananook Treat Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "big sloping ledges at the islands."
K'chi Pontegok Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki, "place of great
river falls."
K'chi Ponteguh Cheshire County, N. H. Abnaki, "great falls in
the river," the Connecticut River at Walpole, opposite
Bellows Falls, Vermont.
K'chi p'saganum the stream connecting Big Lake and Lewey's
Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "where they split
boards to make skids for canoes." (so as to protect the
bottoms from gravel in the streams).
K'chi punahaquot a brook near Sipp Bay, Washington County,
Me. Malecite, "principal place where tomcods come to spawn."
Kearsarge Mountain, Merrimack County, N. H. Abnaki or
Pennacook, "pointed mountain" [ ?]. This may not be an Indi-
an name; if it is, translations vary from "proud, selfish," or
"high place," to ki saage, "land that is harsh, rough, difficult."
Kearsarge Village, Carroll County, N. H. See Cowissewaschook,
also Kearsarge, above.
Kebec the Narrows or Chops on Merrymeeting Bay, Sagadahoc
County, Me. Abnaki and Micmac, "closed, or plugged." Same
root-meaning as Quebec, and Capawack, q. v.
Kebo Mountain, Hancock County, Me. If Indian, perhaps Abnaki,
from kiba, "I fall"[?].
Kebumkewis Second Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"little mud bar lake."
Kecheachy same as Cocheco, q. v.
Kedinket Island, Washington County, R. I. If Indian, perhaps
Narragansett, "a ship," or "on the ship," or "(it resembles) a
little ship."
Kedumcook The Hook, Hallowell, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki,
"shallow, gravelly ford."
Keecamewett Bristol County, Conn. See Kickamuit.
Keeck Pond Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "kettle
pond" from ohkuk, "a kettle. "[?]
Keekamanset Spring, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at
the great valley."
76
Keekamoochaug see Kekamoochaug.
Keekamuit Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "great
spring."
Keekomkwak places along Barton River, Orleans County, Vt.
Abnaki, "abode of sucker fish."
Keektawhank Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "rapid stream,"
or "dashing current."
Keenaht Nassick now Treat Webster Island, or French Island,
Penobscot County, Me. Penobscot- Abnaki, "steep island."
Keesaug Brook, Carroll County, N. H. Abnaki, "principal out-
flow."
Keesequechan Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "swift water."
Also Quequechan.
Keetadoganapskwa Seebis Whetstone Brook, Windham County,
Vt. Abnaki, "brook where we get whetstone."
Keetahden Mount Mansfield, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki,
"the principal mountain."
Keetutenny Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "principal town."
Keewaydin Trail, Addison County, Vt. Chippewa "north," "people
of the north," or "north wind."
Keght Niganish Whiting River, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"the principal fork."
Keheketooksook Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican? Pan-
gussett? possibly "outlet of large stream."
Kehtah Hanit or Kehtuh Hannupog the Atlantic Ocean and
large bays along the coast. Natick, "principal salt bays."
Kehtanit or Keihtannit was anciently the title of "The
Lord God."
Kehtitanunk perhaps present-day Cuttyhunk, q. v.
Kejigigilhasis a camp site near Lake Fairlee, Orange County, Vt.
Abnaki, "a chickadee."
Kekamoochaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where the
earth trembled."
Kekamowadchaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "mountain
where the earth trembles."
Ke Kepan Agliesek the ancient name for Arrowsic Island, Saga-
dahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "(island) which almost closes
the channel." The French fought the English here in 1723.
77
Keketticut see Titicut. Also spelled Keticut.
Kekuttokunta Hill Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "con-
ference place," or "parley place."
Keniboes Kisek ancient name for Dyers Neck, Lincoln County,
Me. Probably Abnaki, "at the grassy place, near a network
of streams."
Kenduskeag Village and Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Malecite
"eel weir place." Before being modified by the English, the
name was pronounced Katesquit.
Keneba-eg River. See Kennebec.
Kenemicut see Conimicut.
Kennebago Lake and Mountains, Franklin County, Me. Abnaki,
"long pond," or "large lake."
Kennebec County, Maine. Abnaki, "long level water without
rapids," or "long quiet water." Some students have wrongly
traced this to the Chippewa word kenabeek, "serpent."
Kennebec River, Maine. This stream anciently was called Aran-
soack or Orantsoack, "rapids up-river," from Moosehead
Lake to Norridgewock. Below Skowhegan it was known as
Canebas or Kenebas, "long water," as far as Merrymeeting
Bay. From there to the sea, Sagadahoc, "where the river
flows out."
Kennebunk Pond, River and Village, York County, Me. If Abnaki,
perhaps, "long sandbar;" iiMicmac, "long cut (ditch) banks."
Kenosha Lake, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "pickerel" or
"pike."
Kenoza Lake, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "a pike" or "a
pickerel."
Kenunck Pacooke Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican,
"where the body of water bends or turns."
Keoka Lake, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki, "where they get (red)
earth for pots" ? or if a transfer from Keuka, N.Y., Iroquoian,
"canoes pulled out of water."
Kepamkiak near the Campobello Ferry at Lubec, Washington
County, Me. Malecite, "stopped-up by a gravel bar."
Kequassagansett Pond, now Gates Pond, Worcester County,
Mass. Natick, "at the place of the principal wells," or "open
fields place."
78
Kermes Plymouth County, Mass. See Alkarmus.
Kescayogansett Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"return to fishing place" ? or "high, rough place" ?
Kesebem Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Old Ahnaki, "chief, or
principal, lake."
Kesickamuck Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "stony
fishing place" or "stone we stand on when fishing." Variant
Kesikomuck, possibly "wide beach."
Kesiog Pond, Hampden County, Mass. If Nipmuck, "place of
briars or thorns." If Pennacook, "difficult place." See Kear-
sarge. Also commonly Siog Pond.
Kessalogesso Modik Five Island Rapids, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "where there is a swift water current."
Kestaubeunk Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, modified by
Dutch, "principal camping place." (Probably the same as
Kestaubauck in Westchester County, N. Y.).
Kestokas Field, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
great tidal creek."
Keta Kouan the great portage at Waterville, Kennebec County,
Me. Ahnaki, "principal crossing."
Ketaumet see Cataumet.
Ket h'nik Denny's River, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"principal fork."
Keticut Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "on the great
river."
Ketsi M'weskw several places in Maine. Old Ahnaki, "Great Good
Spirit; God." Modern Ahnaki, K'chi Niwaskw.
Ket takone adchu Berkshire County, Mass., and Bennington
County, Vt. Mahican, "great woody mountains," the Taconic
range.
Kettigwewick West Branch of Penobscot River, Penobscot County,
Me. Ahnaki, "place of the great stream."
Ketumscut off New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place of
the great rocks." See Catumb.
Kewaydin Lake, Oxford County, Me. Chippewa, "north" or "north-
people."
Kewoutaquak see Cowwautatuck, "land of pine woods.''
79
Kiasobeak now Nicatowis Lake, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"clear water lake/'
Kickamuit River, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the large
spring." (This is the most common of sixteen listed spellings).
Kickemus Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Pennacook? "great
moose." From an Indian's name; the father of Mamooson.
Kikon a locality north of Bradford, Orange County, Vt. Abnaki,
"a field."
Kinabsk atnek now Mount Waldo, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki,
"steep rocky mountain."
Kineo Mountain, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "sharp peak."
(This mountain is said by Indians to be Moose Rock, the
petrified body of a moose slain by Glooskap, a wonder-
worker). There is another Kineo in Grafton County, N.H.
King Philip Mountain, Hartford County, Conn. King Philip was
the English name for Metacom, Metacomet, or Pometacom,
son of the great Massasoit. Metacom led an Indian in-
surrection in New England, 1674 — 1676.
King Philip's House; see Pometacomet.
King Philip's Rock, Norfolk County, Mass.; see Metacomet.
Kinkajou on the AUagash River, Aroostook County, Me. Micmac,
"wolverine." from gigwadju (literally, "beast of the moun-
tain.") This animal was believed to have supernatural
powers. See Lunksoos.
Kinnicum Pond, Rockingham County, N. H. Pennacook, "the
long one," ? or Natick, "a mixture" ? Various plant leaves,
plus red osier bark, mixed with tobacco, for smoking.
Kishkituckock Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place or land
near the bank of the stream," or "by the river side." Variants,
Keshkiscotuk and Kiskotock.
Kisnop Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "principal
outlet" ? or "big rock" ? See Sconnoups.
Kissacook Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Pennacook, "stony
place," ? or "principal stream" ?
Kissenaug New Haven County, Conn. Paugussett, "place of big
stones."
Kitachanniqut Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "principal long
place," or "principal long beach."
80
Kitamuckqut Washington County, R. I. Narragansett "on the
mainland opposite." Variants Kitacka muck nut, Kittack
quamuck opelle, Kittacka mucket, Kittack quam uck quiet.
Kitchee Ponteguh rapids on the Connecticut River, Windham
County, Yt. Abnaki, "the principal rapids (or falls) in the river."
Kitemaug west bank of Thames River, New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "the principal fishing place." Also Kittemaug.
Kittansett Point, Plymouth County, Mass. Wamfanoag, "the
great expanse of water; the ocean," also, "at the great point
in the sea."
Kitteaumut Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "principal
fishing place" ? or "large spring" ?
Kittituck Stream, now Blackstone River, Worcester County,
Mass. Nipmuck, "at the large (or principal) tidal river."
Klaganissecook Falls, Mattawamkeag River, Penobscot County,
Me. Old Abnaki, "place of the noisy little stream." Other
roots indicate, "little opening, like a door."
Klondike Essex County, Mass., and Brook, Aroostook County, Me.
Athapaskan, "hammer-water," referring to driving stakes
into river bed so as to make a salmon trap.
K'mokadich Moosabek Reach, Washington County, Me. Malecite?
Abnaki? "plenty of vile insects." Porpoises were tried out
here for their oil; perhaps the stench and the decaying flesh
attracted flies.
K'noonaghek Argyle Boom Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"long island."
Koaktekauk Essex County, Vt. Abnaki, "river at the place of the
pine trees." See Coaticook.
Koategw Carroll County, N. H. Abnaki (literally), "Pine River."
Kobossee Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "a sturgeon."
Kobpakommocket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "refuge
place, or hiding place." Probably in a swamp. Also Kow-
bissowonket.
Kochekok River, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "place of the
rapid current," "big eddies," or "great kettle."
Kochisuk exact locality unknown; probably several such along
Passadumkeag Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,^
"eel-weir place."
6 8i
Kodaak Wadjo Mount Washington, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki,
"summit of the highest mountain."
Kodttukoet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
summit of a hill."
Koessek now Vernon, Windham County, Vt. Pennacook, "at the
place of the pine trees." White captives from Massachusetts
were brought here by Indians in King Philip's War,i675-i676.
{Koessek was part of Squakheag). See also Coassit.
Koessinock Essex County, Vt. Pennacook, "place of the pines."
Koghserage northern Vermont and New York. Mohawk, "it is
winter" (An old Choreographic Map of this country is marked
"Koghserage Ancient Beaver Hunting Grounds of Six
Nations.") Variant, Cochserage.
Kogwees a camp site on Lake Fairlee, Orange County, Vt. Ab-
naki, "a little porcupine."
Kohanza Lakes, Fairfield County, Conn. If Indian, perhaps the
name is garbled Mahican, "pike fish."
Kohshahquahna see Gashekwaneh.
Kok adjeweem gwasebem Roach Pond, Piscataquis County, Me.
Abnaki, "kettle (shaped) mountain lake."
Kok adjeweem gwasebemsis Spencer Pond, Piscataquis County,
Me. Abnaki, "little kettle-shaped mountain lake."
Kokadjo Mountain and Village, Little Spencer Mountain, Pis-
cataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "kettle mountain." At Moose-
head Lake, Glooscap killed a large moose, which became
Mount Kineo, then pursued a calf. To lighten his burden he
threw down his kettle, which became Kettle Mountain.
Kokohas wantepek a promontory at the western entrance to
Penobscot Bay, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "at the owFs
head;" hence the English name Owl's Head.
Kolelemook Lake, Sullivan County, N. H. Abnaki, "shining
pond."
Kollegewidgewock Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "mixed salt and
fresh water rapids." See Kuladam itchwan.
Konesanouskek St. George Peninsula, Knox County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the long rocky place."
Kongscut Mountain, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "at the
high place" or "high, rocky place."
82
Konikey Cliff, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "long rock"
or "high rock." But see Kodttukoet.
Konkapot River, Litchfield County, Conn. Named for a Stock-
bridge Mohican chief; possibly his name meant "long spout."
Konkapot Village, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, from the
name of a Stockbridge chief, Capt. John Konkapot, 1775.
Konomoc Lake, New London County, Conn. Perhaps Pequot,
"(plenty of) lamprey-eels (long fish) here." See Taubak-
onommok.
Koomasabunkawitt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "great
or principal herring, alewive, or mossbunkers fishing-place."
(Mossbunkers are menhaden, used for fertilizer).
Kotget Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag? "a piece of land" ?
or ''a heap" ? An old name for Muskeget Island.
Kowawesuck-pumotaash Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"long line, or field of small pines."
Kozoapskwa Thompson's Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki,
"long stony place."
K'seusk-i-naghassik Little Hemlock Island, Penobscot County,
Me. Abnaki, "black growth on small island." Lumbermen
call hemlocks and another evergreens "black growth."
K't-ahguantek the Grand Landing Place, Knox County, Me.
Abnaki, "the principal landing place."
K'tchi-peskwahonda Fort Knox, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki,
"big guns."
K'tolbeh-i-ahmikenaqu-naghek Namokanok Island, Lincoln Coun-
ty, Me. Abnaki, "snapping turtle shell (shaped) island."
K'tolbewik Fourth Lake Machias, Washington County, Me.
Abnaki, "snapping turtle lake."
Kubtuliquetiiet Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the great
place on the island."
Kuladam-itchwan Blue Hill Tide Falls, Hancock County, Me.
Abnaki, "mixed salt-and-fresh water rapids." When the tide
is running out, the stream is less salt than the ocean; as
the tide rises, the stream becomes almost as salty as the
Atlantic.
Kuncanowet Hills, Merrimack County, N. H. Natick, "near the
long sharp places (ridge of hills)."
6* 83
Kunckiunkqualluck Hampshire County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "roll-
ing hills land," or "high round hills place.";
Kiinckquachu now Mount Toby, Hampshire"^ County, Mass.
Mohican, "very high mountain."
Kuppi komuk Swamp, New London County, Conn. Mohegan-
Peqiiot, "closed place; enclosure; place of refuge."
Kuppowonkunok Hampshire County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "at the
enclosed place near the bend."
Kushequa see Gashekwaneh.
Kuskaidzowak the Black River, Windsor County, Vt. Ahnaki,
"broad current."
Kussompskauk New London County, Conn. Mohegan? or Narra-
gansett? "place of hot stones." Possibly a clam-baking or
oyster-roasting site. See Pissepimk.
Kussus Kook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "stony
faUs" ?
Kusumpe Pond; see Cusumpe, and Kussompskauk.
Kutshamakin Hill, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "big plume,
"or great feather." Also Kuttis-amequin, "cormorant's plume."
Named for the sachem of Dorchester, 1643.
Kuttanoo New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "the sea."
Long Island Sound.
Kuttis-amequin see Kutshamakin.
Kuttisog New London County, Conn. Narragansett? "cormorants."
Kuttoowaug New London County, Conn. Mohegan? "speaking
place." If Kuttoowaug, "bend in the sea; a bay"[?]
Kuttutuck the Blackstone River, Windham River, Conn. Nip-
muck, "the principal river," or "the great river." Also
Kuttatuck, Kittituck, Kuttuck, Quttuc, etc.
Kwagustchusk see Quagachusque.
Kwanok sagamik Loon Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"lake that comes to a point."
Kwaykway-nahmak Long Reach, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"big long fish place," possibly "sucker fish place."
Kwedawi-manwik Hermon Pond Inlet, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "downstream, rivers not far apart."
Kwel-bedjwanosik on Stillwater Branch, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "where currents turn as they meet."
84
Kwenosakek mouth of Lamoille River, Chittenden County, Vt.
Abnaki, **at the place of pike-fish."
Kwesahkamegus see Quisquamego.
Kwetahwamkitik near Pea Cove, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"long stream, sandy bottom."
Kweu-euk tonoonk began the Moose River, Aroostook County,
Me. Abnaki, "snowshoes."
Kwikwimes-witicook Marsh River, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki,
"black duck stream."
Kwini teguh the Connecticut River. Abnaki, "the long river."
-L-
Lacasse come cook Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "place of
bark cabin." Same place as Allagask-wigamook, Allagash, etc.
Lakeutta Nantucket County, Mass. Lenape? "sandy place," from
lekati, "sand," and modified locative tit.
Lampopeag Branch, Aroostook River, Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "(crooked) like-a-rope stream."
Lapomique Branch (of Aroostook River), Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "crooked, like a rope."
Lashaway River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "between."
See Nashua.
Liswoosuckit Nipmuck modification of Niswosaket, now Woon-
socket?
Loshtock the Long River, St. John's River, Aroostook County,
Me. Abnaki? Malecite? "wide, shallow, shining."
Louisquisset Pike, Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck, "at the
meeting place." Other spellings (more than 20) include
Locasquisset, Loquassuck, Loquasquocit, etc.
Lunksoos Mountain, Pond and Stream, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "a catamount."
-M-
Ma-adameg Falls, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "alewives place."
Ma-ada-ouamkeag same as Mattawamkeag, q. v.
Ma-adom-cog Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "alewives
place," or perhaps "shad place"[?]
85
Maanepes Brook, Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "sluggish
stream," or "slow water."
Maanexit Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "path," or "gath-
ering;" also "place of meekness." Also a river in Worcester
County, Mass.
Maasbaak Mossback Meadow, Orange County, Vt. Abnaki, "much
water place," or "overflowed."
Mabautuantucksuck Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk,
"outlet of rushing river" ? or "waters rushing past wooded
hill" ?
Machaquamaganset Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic?
or Narragansett? "place of big beach wells," i. e., hollow logs
sunk in sand so that they fill up with fresh water at low tide.
Machegony ancient name for Portland, Cumberland County, Me.
Micmac, "shaped like a large knee." Also Machigonne.
Machemoodus East Haddam, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk,
"there is a bad noise." Variants Machamadoset, Machma-
donset, and Machamoodus.
Machemux Fairfield County, Conn. PaugussettP possibly a
corruption of machequox, "a belt of wampum," or perhaps
from the name of Mahackemo, Sachem of Norwalk ?
Machepaconapunsuck Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic?
"Big enclosure near falls in the brook" ? or "big bank near
brook falls" ?
Machewisis Falls, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "bad little
falls."
Machias several place names in Maine, particularly the Lake
System in Aroostook County, are known by this name,
from Abnaki, meaning "bad little falls."
Machimucket Brook, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "bad
fish here," or Narragansett, "it stinks" or perhaps "great
fishing place" ? See Mashamoquet.
Machipiscat New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "stony
path" or "rocky trail."
Machipscat Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "a stony path" or
"rough place."
Machlich-Nagook Hardwood Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "growth of hardwoods on this island."
86
Machuset Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
hill."
Mackinackock a small cove near Thompson's Point, Chittenden
County, Vt. Abnaki, "the abode of (small) turtles."
Macomet Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the meeting
place," or "at the little house."
Maconessett Neck, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "barren
place."
Macwahoc Lake, Stream and Village, Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "wet ground, bog." Also Macwakook.
Macwahock Brook, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "wet ground,
bog."
Madagam Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "(soon at) the
end of the lake." But see Madagamus.
Madagamus Hill, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "snowshoe tracks"
left by Glooskap when he jumped across Penobscot Bay, in
pursuit of a moose calf.
Madagascal Pond and Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"meadows at mouth." But see Madagascar.
Madagascar the Brushwood section of Bradford, Orange County,
Vt. Abnaki, "poor game, bad meat," that is, rabbits in
summer. But see Madagascal.
Madahondo apskwa Devil's Den, Wright's Mountain, Orange
County, Vt. Abnaki, "the devil's rocks."
Madahumuck Bay, Falls and Point, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki,
"alewives caught around here."
Mada-Kamigosek modern Indian name for Camden, Knox
County, Me. Penobscot- Abnaki, "big ridge place."
Madaket Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end of
the land," or Narragansett, "cloudy, overcast." Also Mada quel.
Madamascontee modern Indian name for Damariscotta, Lincoln
County, Me. Abnaki, "abundance of alewives."
Madamaswok Cold Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"alewives."
Madam Bettox Mountain, Knox County, Me. Abnaki? perhaps
"alewives' pond," name transferred to nearby hill? The pond
is now known as Chickawaukee. Other spellings Medambettox,
Medambetek, etc.
87
Madamiscomtis River, Blackman Stream, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "plenty of alewives."
Mada-waniganook Carry, French Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "(where we put our canoes into the water) at the
end of the portage."
Madawaska Lake, River and Village, Aroostook County, Me.
Micmac, "where one river runs into another," or Abnaki,
"where there is much hay" ?
Maddequecham Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"foothill place."
Madi tegou now the White River, Windsor and Orange Counties,
Vt. Abnaki, "bad useless river," as on Father Aubery's map,
1715. The name survives in Mad River (Washington County,
Vt.), reached by portage from the White River.
Madnagiik Island, Lincoln County, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "big island."
Madombedeag Bay, same as Medomac, q. v.
Mad River see Madi tegou.
Madunke-himk Webster Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"far away, at the height of land, stream."
Magaenak Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "where the Mohawks
came," or "wolf-place." An ancient village site.
Magallo River, Rockingham County, N. H. Malecite, "caribou,"
"the shoveler," see below.
Magallo way, Mountain in Coos County, N. H. and river in Oxford
County, Me. Malecite, "the shoveler," i. e., the caribou,
which gets its food by shoveling snow to one side with its
hoofs.
Magasewanussuek Falls, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "great
fresh water falls."
Magawok Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "a bog swamp,
or lowland." Also Magwaak.
Magegunuck Neck, Cumberland County, Me. Micmac? "a big
knee or elbow;" that is, shaped like a bending joint. See
Machegony.
Magesemanussiek Falls, York County, Me. Abnaki, "great fresh
water faUs."
Magnus see Quaiapen.
88
Magomiscock Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place
of the large rock," or possibly "place of waste land."
Magonck Great Neck, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"grove of large trees." Also Magunk.
Maguaguavic the Little St. Croix River, Aroostook County, Me.
Malecite, "abode of big eels." Also Mekkatewek.
Magumkaquog Middlesex County, Conn. Natick, "place of the
gift or offering" ? or "place of great trees" ?
Maguncaquog Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "place of the
gift."
Magunco Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "gift or grant."
Magunhukquok Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "place of the
offering."
Magunk see Magonck.
Magunkahquog Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the place
of the gift or grant."
Magunkook Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "place of large
trees."
Magunquaquog Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "place of the
gift or grant;" but some sources give "place of great trees."
Magunticoog same as Medumcook, q. v.
Magurrewock Lakes, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "at the
place of the shoveler;" i. e., the caribou.
Magus Hill, Norfolk County, Mass. Nipmuck, for John Magus, a
Nipmuck chief, who deeded Hardwick land in 1686.
Magwak see Mohawk.
Magwin tegwak Lincolnville Beach, Knox County, Me. Abnaki,
"choppy seas."
Magwonkkomuk Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the en-
closed place of the grant," or "gift of a plantation."
Mahackemo Fairfield County ,^Conn. Paugussett, "fire consumes
him" ? Named for a Sachem of Norwalk.
Mahantic a swamp near Newton, Fairfield County, Conn. Pau-
giissett, "cedar or spruce trees."
Maharnes Hill, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "the one who
gathers them together." Possibly the same as Mianus,
Mayannoes, etc.
89
Mahican Indians, often confused with the Mohegan, q. v. Their
home extended from the upper Hudson Valley in New York
into Vermont and sections of Connecticut. Their descendants
are known as Stockbridge Indians, a group with whom they
allied in 1736. Their name means "wolf;" they figure promi-
nently in The Last of the Mohicans, by Cooper,
Mahkahkahssen Cliff, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican? Dela-
ware? ''the (very) large rock."
Mahkeenac Lake, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican (Stock-
bridge), "the abode of the Mahicans." Also Maheekanac.
Mahkonlahgok "The Gulf," near Katahdin, Piscataquis County,
Me. Abnaki, "gap in the stream," or "hole in the river."
Mahmansuck at Billings Lake, New London County, Conn.
Mohegan, "the brook connecting the ponds."
Mahmimsqueag Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "gravelly
place."
Mahnagwanegwa Sebem Rainbow Lake, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki? translation of the English name, "Rainbow Lake" ?
[manawakon, "small rainbow").
Mahnekebahntic Caribou Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"big cedar swamp near the falls in the river" ? or, "where
they got cedar bark for packs."
Mahoosuc Range, Coos County, N. H., and Oxford County, Me.
Abnaki, "abode of hungry animals," possibly bears or wolves
(or both). But a Natick word nahoosic means "a pinnacle,"
i. e., mountain peak. It has been suggested that the Abnaki
term possibly refers to Mohegan-Pequot refugees who fled
from Connecticut to Maine following the Pequot War of 1637.
Mahsimquammasec the Waits River, Orange County, Vermont.
Abnaki, "big river at outlet," an apt description of the Waits
as it flows into the Connecticut.
Mahtawesweskeetehenoouk A name given to the Micmac of
Nova Scotia, who briefly conquered and occupied the coast
of Maine. Malecite, "porcupine eaters."
Mahutchet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "on the path
or trail."
Mais Tchuseag The Piedmont, probably in Essex County, Mass.
Natick? Pennacook? "large mountains place." Pownall
90
suggests ''country on this side of the hills." See also Massa-
chusetts.
Majabigwaduce The Bagaduce River, Hancock County, Me.
Abnaki, "big tideway river."
Maji Neowaska was a demon, supposed to dwell on the highest
peak of Mount Washington, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki,
"Bad Spirit." See Ketsi M'weskw.
Majomansuck Pond, see Mayomansuck.
Majum-quassebem Pond, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "worthless
(or bad) pond."
Makamacheckamucks Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
from the Catacoonamaug chief Mahmachekomock. The
name may mean "where we get small bait fish," mamachoog;
or "big mountain strewn with rocks," or "big, useless plan-
tation."
Makewaumaqueset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the end of the worthless field," or "barren meadow ending
place."
Maklic-ongomoc Pleasant Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki,
"a lake (surrounded by) hardwoods."
Makoron Swamp, Fairfield County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "a gift,"
"waste land," or perhaps "turtles. "[?]
Maktepos see Mashpee.
Makwamcusk Washington County, Me. Abnaki? Malecite? "red
beach."
Malamake River, same as Merrimac, q. v.
Malecite an Algonquian tribe, part of whom live at Passama-
quoddy, Maine. Their name comes from Micmac, "poor
garbled, barely understandable speech," applied in derison.
Actually, both languages are mutually understandable. See
Mahtawesweskeeteheenonk.
Mali bowk Washington County, Vt. Abnaki, literally, "Molly's
Pond." Indian Molly was the wife of Indian Joe, of Rev-
olutionary War fame.
Mali panjahlak Washington County, Vt. Abnaki, "Molly's Falls."
Maliseet an old-fashioned spelling of Malecite, q. v.
Mallego Brook, Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki, "deep, ravine-
like."
91
Mallicooniganus Pocumpus Lake, Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "short, quick carry." This is a short portage where
it is not necessary to unload canoes for the carry; a "lazy
portage."
Malmanick New Haven County, Conn. Possibly a corruption of
manantick, "cedar swamp" ? or "island creek" ?
Mamachimins possibly Chimon Island, Fairfield County, Conn.
Paugussett, possibly "Mamechon's little island" or "barren,
unoccupied little island." Another spelling, Mamachimons.
Mamachoag Brook, New London, New London County, Conn.
A^arr^gans^^^, "where mummies, small fish, abound" (Another
Mamachoag Brook is in Lyme, Conn.)
Mamacock Fort Trumbull Point, New London County, Conn.
Western Niantic or Mohegan, "the great hook." (There is a
Mamacock Creek in East Lyme.)
Mamanasco Lake, Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "united
outlets," or "two sharing same outlet." Another spelling,
Mammasco.
Mamaniskak Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "near the
joined rocks."
Mamantapett River, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
island camp." Also given as "wading river," or "ford."
Mamantapit Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "customarily
he walks in the water" (here) ; or "wading-place."
Mama quag Brook, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"small fish," called even now by children, "mmnmies."
Variants, Mammaquog, Mummaquog, etc. ("Smelt" are
moamitteaug.)
Mamaquog part of Natchaug River, Windham County, Conn.
Mohegan, "small bait fish abound here."
Mamasack New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "thistles," or
"big nettles" ?
Mamasmiquobscook River, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"stream with rough stones," hence, poor traveling by
canoe.
Mamattaquesset Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "where they
cross the brook," or "at the wading place." These were
stepping-stones, "grouped-together-rocks place."
92
Mameeg an early name for New London, New London County,
Conn. Probably a corruption of Nameeg, "fishing place."
Maminketesuck Fairfield County, Conn. Wap finger, "swift,
strong flowing brook, where there are ale wives." Variant,
Manuliketsuck.
Mamooson Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Natick, "smooth
stone," or "bare rocks." Mamooson was a son of Kickemus.
Mamusqunke land on east side of Naugatuck River, New Haven
County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "gravelly place," ? or "place of
smooth stones" ?
Mamwhauge Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "place of the
ravine;" also, "moving ground."
Manahnekook the Penobscot River. Ahnaki, "river full of is-
lands."
Manahnook Grand Manan Island, Washington County, Me.
Ahnaki, "the island."
Manakaway Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger, "the great mea-
dows" ?
Manamoaskeagug Plymouth County, Mass. Natick, "place
abounding in beaver."
Manamoiett see Monomoy, and Manamoyik.
Manamookeagin Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "many
beavers." ?
Manamo quack Bay, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the place of many fish." (Or "many clams" ?)
Manamoyik Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "carrying
place" or "burden-place," a portage. Also Maimamoitt.
Manan Islands, off Falmouth, in Casco Bay, Cumberland County,
Me. Ahnaki, "island." See Menanouze.
Mananduk Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "lookout place."
Also given as "cedar swamp."
Mananexit see Mayanexit, or Maanexit.
Mananis the small island which guards the harbor at Monhegan,
Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "little island."
Mananosick Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "the high peak."
Mananscussett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
the lookout hill."
93
Mananticut River, Norfolk County, Mslss. Natick, "at the lookout
place," or "at the island in the river." Variants, Manatacat,
Manatiquot.
Manaskek Arrowsic Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki,
"island with grassy covering."
Manaskoos Green Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "green,
grassy."
Manatohqua Essex County, Mass. Naiick, after a chief also
known as Black William. Ruler of an ancient Sachemdom
comprising Nahant and Swampscott; "wooded island"?
Manatuck Mountain, New London County, Conn. Eastern Ni-
antic, "at the lookout place."
Manatuck Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Massacoe, (a Wappinger
sub-group), "look-out place."
Manaumet Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "lookout place."
Manchage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "ye shall be
strengthened."
Manchage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmitck? Natick? "place
of departure," "place of marveling."?
Manchaug Pond and Village, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"island of rushes," or "island where flags grow."
Manchuk River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "look-
out hill." But see Manchaug, Mass.
Mandawessoe Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "a por-
cupine" (not "hedgehog").
Maneikshan Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "appearance
of blackness," or "dark earth." Also "brant goose." Variant,
Monechkan.
Manesaydik an Indian name for Bar Harbor, Hancock County,
Me. Abnaki, "place of collecting clams."
Manet Beach, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "near the island."
Manetic Reservoir, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "the high
place," or "observation place."
Manexit River, Worcester County, Mass., and Windham County,
Conn. Nipmuck, "near the path," or "he gathers them to-
gether." See Mayanexit River and Maanexit.
Mangunk akuk on Thames River, near Mohegan Village, New
London County, Conn. Probably Mohegan- Pequot, "at the
94
grove of large trees," but possibly, ''where we made big
wooden pots."
Manhan New Haven County, Conn. Qidnnipiac, "an island."
Also Muiilian.
Manhan River, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "island."
Manhannock Wright's Island, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk,
"at the place of the island," or possibly, "sheltered island."
Manhanock Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the
place of the island," possibly also "shelter island," a canoe
harbor.
Manheigin Island, mouth of Penobscot River, Hancock County,
Me. Ahnaki? Micmac? "a passage"? or "the island"? See
Monhegan, Moratiggon.
Manhumsqueeg Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, "whetstone
place." Also Mahmunsqueag and Munhunsqueeg.
Manickmung Mountain, Windham County, Vt. Possibly Mahican,
from nionachmmg, "place where the mountain heaps up," as
in a monadnock. In other contexts, monachniing means "place
on an island."
Manigana-tica-uoit name used by Champlain on his 1629 map
for the Connecticut River. Probably Ahnaki, modified by
French, "Mahican's river place," or "river of the Mahicans."
Manipsconasset Rock, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"place of the split rock island."
Manisses Block Island, Newport County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"little island." Also given as Narragansett, "little god." See
also Montowese.
Manitoese Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Paugussett, "Little
God."Manitoese was Sowheag's nephew. See also Montowese.
Manitoo assenihah Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
Great Spirit's rocks."
Manitoo-auke a term used by some southw^estem New England
Indians for "God's Country," i.e., "Heaven." (But on Long
Island, Mantowacks meant "place of the periwinkle shell.")
Manitook Lake, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, probably
"observation place," but possibly "cornfields, we guard
them." Some suggest this means "Place of the Gods," or
"God's Land."[?] See Manitoo-auke.
95
Manitwa tootan Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "God's
town." A Christian Indian village on Martha's Vineyard.
Mankantosit River, Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonassett,
same as Menenketesuck, q. v.
Mannahanose see Massaco.
Mannamoiset Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "point place,'*
"place at end of portage," or "resting place," etc.
Mannanpenokean Brook, Berkshire County, Mass. Mohican,
"heaps of fallen rocks."
Mannapensecon Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "heap of
fallen rocks."
Manomet Beach, Bluffs, Reef and Village, Plymouth County,
Mass. Wampanoag, "where they carry burdens on their
backs," hence, "a portage."
Manonscusset Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "lookout hill
place."
Manoonckasuck see Menimketesuck.
Manoosnock Essex County, Mass. Natick, "at the summit," or,
"at the lookout place."
Manset Hancock County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the island."
Manshacket Cove, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
sheltering island."
Manshuck see Manchuck.
Manskussehoank Mountain, now Rattlesnake Mountain, Berk-
shire County, Mass. Mahican, "lookout summit place," or
"nest at summit brook" ? See Manskussichank,
Manskussichank now Rattlesnake Mountain, Berkshire County,
Mass. Mahican, "stream emerging from and flowing through
rock heaps."
Mantawassuk Johnson Brook, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"at the mouth of," or "inlet."
Manimkateset Brook, New London County, Conn. Western
Niantic, "place of ale wives, or menhaden." Also Manun-
ketesuck, Manuncketesseck, and Manaquatesset.
Manunkatuck New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "place of
alewives," or alewive's tidal stream."
Manunketesuck Stream, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy,
"strong, flowing brook."
96
Manunkquag Point, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
''end of the land."
Manwhage Swamp, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
refuge or shelter place."
Maquam Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a bea-
ver." Also a village and beach in Franklin County, Vt.
Maquan Lake, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a beaver."
Maquoit Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "a wet place."
Maranacook Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "plugged-up
lake," "deep lake" or "black bass here"[?] Also Marancook.
Marandus Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. If Indian, possibly
Natick, "cedar swamp," from mananduk.
Maranocook see Maranacook.
Maraspin Creek, Barnstable County, Mass. Probably a Dutch
modification of the Wampanoag term Massapeague, "the
land at the great cove."
Marchin Bay, now Casco Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Old
Abnaki, "a wolf." Indicated as Baie de Marchen on Cham-
plain's map, 1607 ; this was as close as the French could get
to manrhesem, "bad animal," or wolf.
Mardad poquehy Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"bare place, shallow, clear."
Margalloway see Magalloway.
Maromas Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? "bare."
Maroonscook Pond, now Lake Cobbosecontee, Kennebec County,
Me. Abnaki, "plugged-up pond" ? or "black bass pond" ?
Marshpee Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big still
water;" great pool," or "large pond."
Maruscopag New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "at the
narrows." See also Achetaqupag and Warunscopage.
Masacksicke Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "big meadow."
Masardis Village, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "place of white
clay."
Mascachaug Brook and Cove, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "place of rushes."
Mascachusett Location uncertain, probably near Greenwich, Kent
County, R. I. Narragansett, "near place of flags or rushes."
7 97
Mascakonage Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"place of long rushes" (cat tails?). Other spellings, Mas-
cacowage, Mascachowage, etc.
Mascamp York County, Me. Natick? Pennacook? "big rock."
Variant, Maskomp.
Mascanomo Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "big eel," "great
long fish." If Natick, perhaps "big plantation." See below.
Variant, Masconomet.
Mascoma Lake, Pond, River and Village, Grafton County, N. H.
If Abnaki, "salmon fishing," "much grass," or "red rocks."
li Natick, perhaps "big plantation," "big beach," or "grassy
swamp."
Masconks York County, Me. Abnaki, "big goose" or "big
rocks."
Mascopic Lake, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "at the place of the
large rocks." Also given as "a large, enclosed place, a large
cove," and "cedar."
Masenunckquock location unknown, probably New London
County, Conn. Mohegan, "place of nettles," massonog-ock?
or "place of lobsters," muschundaug?
Mashacket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the great
palisaded house," or "at the castle."
Mashakamockett Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of the big springs."
Mashamee River, Grafton County, N. H. Abnaki? Pennacook?
perhaps remnants of words meaning, "big fish," or "place
between" ?
Mashamoquet Brook and State Park, Windham County, Conn.
Nifmuck, "at the important fishing place." Also Mashamugget,
Mashamugket and Massamugget.
Mashamugget Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "spring
of water," or "great water spring." Translated also as "great
fishing place."
Mashamugget Meadow, Worcester County, MslSS. Nipmuck, "great
meadow-grass country." But see Mashamugget Hill and
Mashamoquet, Conn. [Narragansett, "big stink" ?]
Mashantackack an ancient village site near Montville, New
London County, Conn. Mohegan, "this place is well forested."
98
Mashanticut Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "small
river or brook running through grove of trees."
Mashantucket New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place of big
trees." ~
Mashantuxet Brook, New London County, Conn. Pequot, "at the
little forest," or "place of small trees" ? See Mushantuxet.
Mashapaug Pond and Village, Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"a large pond." See also Massapaug and Mashipaug.
Mashapaug Pond, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "a large
pond or cove." Also Maushapog, Mashepok, etc.
Mashapauge Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "large pond"
or possibly "worthless pond." (Swampy land, unfit for
planting?)
Mashapequottuck River, the Thames River, New London County,
Conn. Mohegan, "great Pequot River," or "river of the great
destroyers of men."
Mashaquamaganset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
where there are big rocks in the pool."
Mashashinnet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
place of large stones," or perhaps "place of great springs."
Mashatatack Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "well
forested place," or "place of big trees." Also Mashantatuck,
Mishauntatuk, etc.
Mashattaneeseck Hill, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"brook near great hill," or "great hill near brook."
Mashawmut Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the great canoe
landing," or "at the great neck of land."
Mashawshimet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "Big
spring place." Variant, Mashinock.
Masheet Island, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "bad
place."
Mashentuck Brook and Mountain, Windham County, Conn.
Mohegan, "many trees." Also a town in Providence County,
R. L
Mashenups Pond, Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, "big rock."
See also Moshenupsuck.
Mashepagocke Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "land near the
great pond." See also Mashepagonoke.
7* 99
Mashepagonoke Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the
place of the wicked destroyer," or "place of bad pestilence/'
Also translated, "place of big bank."
Masheshattuck Hill Hillsboro County, N. H. Natick? "big wooded
mountain."
Mashipaug Alexander's Lake, Windham County, Conn., and
Gardiner's Lake, New London County, Conn. See Mashapaug.
Mashipawog see Mashpaug.
Mashnee Island, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big
house."
Mashomuck perhaps two places by this name in Windham
County, Conn., and Worcester County, Mass. If as spelled, the
term is Nipmuck, "where they go by boat or canoe." How-
ever, if Massomuck, q. v., is meant, the term is Nipmuck,
"great fishing place."
Mashonaug Island, Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic,
"nettles" ? or "dug-out canoe place" ? or "place reached by
boat" ?
Mashoquen mentioned by Captain John Smith, is somewhere
along the coast of Cumberland (or York) County, Me. Per-
haps it is Ahnaki, "big hook," or Micmac, "big knee."
Mashpaug Ponds, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"great ponds."
Mashpeag New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "land at great
cove."
Mashpee Pond and Village, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"land near the great cove or pond."
Mashpoag Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "a great pond."
Mashquaponitib Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "where
the big nets are spread."
Mashquomuoh or Massquamack Plymouth County, Mass. Wam-
panoag, "marshy, grassy haven or hiding-place."
Mashucket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "grass land,"
or, "grassy place near large outlet."
Maskataquatt Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
rushes," or "grassy place."
Maskechusett Brook and Hill, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the grassy place," or "place of flags."
100
Maskeekohwogam near Lake Bomoseen, Rutland County, Vt.
Abnaki, "much grass, hay curing."
Maskerchugg River, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, ''rushes
here/' Also Maskachuag, Masquachug, Musquechuge.
Maskituash Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "hay-marsh"
or "grassy place."
Maskwenozakek mouth of the Missisquoi River, Franklin County,
Vt. Abnaki, "where muskellunge abound."
Masocksicke Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "big meadow."
Maspenock Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "overflowed
land," or "boggy place"; also given as "choice fishing place"
and "great narrow path."
Masquabamisk Meadow, Franklin County, Mass. Mohican, "at the
place of the red rocks." Possibly "wet rocks," a boundary place.
Masquachowawaug Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"place where rushes grow" ? or "red fish (salmon) fishing
place" ? See Misquamicut.
Masquaseecook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "birch
stream."
Masquetuck Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "river of reeds,"
"fish weir river," or "wide river."
Masquomcussick Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "grassy
enclosed place," or "grassy haven." Or perhaps "big sharp
stones place" ?
Masquomoh Swamp, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "grassy
place."
Masquomp Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "red rock."
Masquopeck Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "land near
the reedy cove" or "wide pond."
Massabequash Essex County, Mass. Natick, "lands near great
body of water." (But another source gives "rats".)
Massabeseck York County, Me. Abnaki, "large pond."
Massabeset see Mattabesic.
Massabesic Lake, Hillsboro County, N. H. Abnaki, "near the
great brook."
Massachaug Pond, Watch Hill, Westerly, R. I. ? Eastern Niantic,
"land near the great hill." Given also as "land where rushes
grow."
lOT
Massachuset an ancient Indian Village; exact location not known,
region of Blue Hills, Mass. ? Natick, "at the great hills" or
"at the range of hills," i. e., the Milton hills. This tribe, for
whom the state was named, occupied lands from Salem, Essex
County, southward to Brockton, in Plymouth County, Mass.
Also Natick.
Massachusetts Bog and Gore, Oxford County, Me. Natick, "at
the place of the large mountain."
Massachusetts State, Anglicized Natick, "at the place of large
hills;" also Messatsoosec, "hill in the form of an arrowhead." ?
Massacksic Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the great
marsh." Also Massaksicke.
Massaco Territory, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "great
lowland or outlet." Mannahannose was "Grand Massaco,"
sachem of Simsbury, Granby and Barkhamstead in 1656.
Variants, Massaqua, Mussawco, Mossocowe, Mushko.
Massagika York County, Me. ? Ahnaki, "big outlet."
Massamoskeht Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place of
much grass" or "great hay country."
Massanagtakwonah Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "dry
trees hill" or "canoe wood hill" ? Also translated as "flax
fields along the river" ?
Massanegtocaneh Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck? "place
of source of the great stream" ? or "union of great streams." ?
But see Massanagtakwonah, above.
Massapanoch Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "great miry
place," or "large swamp."
Massapaug Rockingham County, N. H. Ahnaki, literally "great
pond." See Mashpaug.
Massapeag Village, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place
at the large cove."
Massapee same as Marshpee,
Massapoag Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "large pond."
Ponds of this name also in Norfolk and Plymouth Counties,
Variant, Mashapoog.
Massaquockumnie Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"big shaking meadow."
102
Massasaugatukut Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''at the
mouth of the large tidal stream." An old name for Marshfield.
Massasecum-Lake, Hillsboro County, N. H. Named for a Penna-
cook warrior; possibly "tall, slender, erect."
Massasoit Avenue, Bristol County, R. I. Also a road in Barnstable
County, Mass. Wampanoag, "great commander." This chief
befriended English colonists at Plymouth, 1620. See Osame-
quin.
Massassomineuk Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "where
big sour berries abound," i. e., large cranberries, or grapes.
Massatucksett see Mastuxet.
Massaucunnock New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "place
of the great (longtails) fish hawks," probably ospreys.
Massaugatucket Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
great outlet of the tidal river."
Massaukatucket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
outlet of the large tidal stream."
Massawamsog Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "place of the
great declivity." Sometimes as Meshomasic.
Massawipi now Holland Pond, Orleans County, Vt. Ahnaki, "much
good clear water."
Massekump Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? Wangunk?
"Big Boulder." Massekump was a landholder Indian and
witness to several deeds.
Masshapauge Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "big
pond."
Masshattaneesec Hill, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"brook at the great hill."
Massiby Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big water."
Massick Island, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "large brook,"
or "large outlet."
Massomuck Stream, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "great
fishing place." But see Mashomuck.
Massomuck Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "great fishing
place." This was in the neighborhood of Wabaquasset Village,
1700. But see Mashomuck.
Masstucksett Brook, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
place of the large brook."
103
Mastomquoog Island, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "the place of
big rocks" ?
Mastuxet Brook and Cove, Washington County, R. I. East Niantic,
"at the big brook." Also Massatucksett.
Maswachi Berkshire County, Mass. Mohican, "great mountain."
Maswasehi Mountain, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "bird's
nest standing up," or "big bird's nest" ?
Matachuest Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the place
without hiUs."
Matacomacok Swamp, Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog, "bad
plantation" or "bad going, where paths or trails are difficult"
or "ineffective refuge."
Matacompemiscok Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"place (far away) up country."
Matagamon Village, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "far on the
' other side."
Matagamook Grand Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "old,
exhausted lake," fished out, grown up with weeds; or "far
away lake."
Matagamooksis Second Lake, Penobscot County, Abnaki, "little
far away lake," etc., diminutive of Matagamook.
Matagoodus Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "bad land-
ing place (for canoes)."
Matagwadis Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "landing place
at the confluence, usually overflowing, or covered with
water."
Matanawcook Islands, Lake and Stream, Penobscot County, Me.
While these now bear the same name, their old names are
dissimilar, and have different meanings. Their original names
and meanings follow:
Matanawcook Islands, originally Metinahguk. Abnaki, "small,
broken water."
Matanawcook Lake, originally Madagamok. Modern Abnaki,
"lake that ends almost at the river."
Matanawcook Stream, originally Matanaghe-seebo. Abnaki,
"at the end of an island."
Matatucket River, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"poorly forested," or possibly "at the worthless river." ?
104
Mataubaim Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "it is day," or,
"dawn has come."
Matchapoxet Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "near
the useless little pond." Possibly, "bad swamp place." ?
Matchapquake Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
the bad bog."
Matchecompomiskok Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "place
of the bad little rocks." ? See Matacompemiscok.
Matchepukgunnupponset Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the impassable falls."
Matchuk Meadows, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "bad, or
useless land."
Mateguasaden Mount Philo, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki,
"rabbit mountain." See Madagascar.
Matetacoke see Mattatuck.
Matianock see Mattaneaug and Matianuck.
Matianuck Hartford County, Conn. Pocasset, "the lookout place."
Matincook Mountain, Essex County, Vt. Natick, "the high land
observation place," or "he searches from there."
Matinicus Island and Rock, Knox County, Me. The largest of a
group of islands well out to sea. Abnaki, "far-out island."
Matitacooke see Mattatuck.
Matomy Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "a lookout
place," or "observation height."
Matowepesack see Mattapoisett.
Mattabaget Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the edge of the
pond," or "at the far distant pond."
Mattabeesick Pond, Rockingham County, N. H. Natick, "place
of the great body of still water." But see Mattabesec.
Mattabesec near Middletown, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk,
"a resting place." See also Mattapoisett, Mass. (Some sources
give translation as "place of large body of water," or "place
of large brook.") Other spellings, Mattabesic, Mattabezeke,
Mattapeaset, Matowepesack, etc.
Mattabesett Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "(at the end of
carrying place or portage), a resting place." See also Matta-
poisett.
105
Mattacheese Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "old fields."
Mattacomacok Hartford County, Conn. Poquonock, "at the
furthest enclosure."
Mattagodus Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "bad
sliding;" that is, rocky bottom, bad for canoe landings.
Mattakeesee Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big mea-
dow." Possibly "little trees," such as beach plum bushes.
Mattakesett Creek, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
place of black mud." (If the mud was thin and deep, the
sense of bad mud, quicksand-like mud is carried.)
Mattakeunk Pond and Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"at end of swift stream."
Mattamiscontis Lake and Mountain, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "plenty of alewives."
Mattanawcook Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the
end of the gravel bar."
Mattaneaug Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog, "abandoned fields,"
or "remains of encampment," or "furthest country" ?
Mattaoolanic Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmiick, "where waters
meet and mingle."
Mattapan Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "he sits down," hence
"a resting place," or "end of portage," also "edge of bank."
Mattapoisett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a resting
place," or "edge of the cove," also "resting place on portage."
Mattapoysett River, Bristol County, R. I. Pocasset, "resting
place." See Mattapoiset.
Mattaquitcham Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"edge of the rocks."
Mattaseunk Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "furthest
rapid stream."
Mattatig New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac or Patigusset,
"bad tree," or "poorly wooded." Variant Mattatuck.
Mattato Hill, Providence County, R.I. NipmuckP "bad hill"?
Probably an abbreviation, with some syllables lost.
Mattatuck State Forest and Trail, Litchfield County, and River,
New Haven County, Conn. Paugussett, "without trees," or
"badly wooded."
io6
Mattatuxot River, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Ni antic?
NarragansettP "at the worthless little river" ? or "poorly
wooded place" ?
Mattawa Lake, Franklin County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "bad place,"
or "bad going."
Mattawamkeag Lake, Penobscot County, Me. If Abnaki, "fishing
place beyond gravel bar." If Malecite, "rapids at mouth;"
if Micmac, "on a sand bar."
Mattawehausk Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk? "bad
rocks" ? or "black rocks" ? or "furthest rocks" ? Matta-
wehausk was Sowheag's granddaughter.
Mattetakonitt Meadows, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the great spring," or "distant spring."
Mattimockamus Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "far-off
small lake."
Mattonkeeset Bay, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
place of black mud."
Mattoonuc Neck, now Point Judith, Washington County, R. I.
Eastern Niantic, "place of the lookout hill."
Mattuckhott New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "in the
woods," or "at the tree." ? See Mattatuck.
Matumpseck Island, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "place of
the bad rock," or "bad ledges."
Matunuck Village, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "high
place" or "observation place."
Matush Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck? "leggings" ?
Mauchetan Middlesex County, Conn. ? Hammonassett? "ebb tide."
Maumansuck Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck? "where two
streams meet" ? See Mahmansuck.
Maumsuck Pond, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "stream
connects two ponds," or "two streams meet."
Maunamushog Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "deep
fishing place" ?
Maunipensing Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"gently descending brook," or "gently sloping field." Also
Maunpenseconet.
Mauntimsq West Rock, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac,
"difficult rock" (to climb).
107
Maushantuxet now Ledyard, New London County, Conn. Mohe-
gan, "at the great woods."
Maushapogue Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "land at
the great cove," the ancient name for Cranston. Also Masha-
paug, Maushapoque, etc.
Mausup see Moosup and Pessicus.
Mauswaseekhi Monument Mountain, Berkshire County, Mass.
Mahican, "at the smooth, bare mountain shaped like a
bird's nest." Sometimes translated as "fisher's nest," or
"osprey's nest."
Mauwee Brook, Lake and Peak, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahi-
can, "hungry animal," perhaps a bear.
Mawiagwaug see Mamaquog.
Mawnantuck Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Shortened form of
Wangunk, mabautau antucksuck, "hill near swift running
brook."
Maximus see Machemux.
Mayanexit Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "where the road
lies," and "where we gather."
Mayannoes Neck and Creek, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett,
from the name of Chief Mayano, who was killed in 1683. Also,
Mehawnoes, Mianus, Maharnes, etc.
Mayawaug Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "at the meeting-
place," or "at the junction of routes and paths." Also seen
as Mayyoawang, Mayowack, etc.
Mayomansuck Pond, New London County, Conn. Pequot?
MoheganP "common outlet of two ponds," or "meeting of
two outlets."
Medambetek or Medambetox see Madam Bettox.
Meddybemps Lake and Village, Washington County, Me. Pas-
samaquoddy-Ahnaki, "plenty of alewives."
Medomac Bay, River, Point and Village, Lincoln County, Me.
Ahnaki, "place of many alewives."
Medumcook River, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite, "blocked by
sandbars."
Medum Keunk Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "blocked
up by sand." Also Maddimkeunk, Medunkeunk, etc.
108
Meduxnekeag Lake and River, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite,
"falls or rapids at the mouth."
Meeseecontee Farmington Falls, Franklin County, Me. Abnaki,
"plenty of alewives," or other migratory fish?
Meeshawn Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a, landing
place/' or "ferry," or "great neck of land."
Meesocdowhok Burnt Land Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "big outlet," or "big confluence."
Megansett Harbor, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the fish weir."
Megantic Lake, Franklin County, Mass. Abnaki, "lake trout
place," derived from Old Abnaki expression, namagwottik. See
Damisokantic.
Megantig Pond, Franklin County, Mass. Poctimtuck? Pennacook?
"a pipe stem." But see Megantic, above.
Megkwahlagas Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "red pool" ? or
"red rock pool" ?
Megkwakangamosis Harrow Pond, Aroostook County, Me. Ab-
naki, "little marshy (or muddy) lake."
Megunhuttake New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac "place
of the gift, or grant." Spelled also Mequeniiuttocke.
Megunticook Lake, Knox County, Me. Micmac or Malecite, "big
mountain harbor."
Megurrewock Lakes, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "the
shoveler," the caribou which paws or shovels snow away so
that it can reach its food.
Megwak-angamik Mud Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"wet ground, bogs around lake."
Mehtukquaaumsett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"fishing place near trees," or "fish trap made of saplings"
or "place marked out by line of trees."
Mekwamkesk a beach near Robbinston, Washington County,
Me. Micmac, "at the red rocks" or Abnaki, "at the small red
beach."
Melanpswangamoc or Melaxswangarmo Joe-Mary Lakes, Pe-
nobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "many rocks at the portages
near this lake;" or Micmac, "abounding in rocks of all shapes
and sizes."
109
Memachogue Hampden County, Mass. Natick, "fish sprats," or
"mummies," from mummichoog.
Memada-Kamioguk said to be an old name for Princeton, Wash-
ington County, Me. Penobscot- Abnaki, "a point of land."
Memeeneesitt Creek, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "little is-
lands everywhere."
Memkeeswe Stream, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "good
landing places." ?
Memphremagog Lake, Orleans County, Vt. Abnaki, "where
there is a great expanse of water." Variants Mamlawbagak,
Memeraoubeke, Memeranbegak, Memsahabegeck.
Mempticook Stream, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "over-
flowing river."
Menada Beach, Dukes County, Mass. If Indian, perhaps from the
Wampanoag word munnawhateaug, "fertilizer fish," or
"menhaden." Possibly also "out-of-the-way place."
Menameset Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the place
where fish abound."
Menanbawk Essex County, Vt. Abnaki, literally "island pond."
Menanhant Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "on the is-
land."
Menannah Bay and Island, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "the
island, out at sea."
Menanouze Island, Petit Manan, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"small island," far out at sea.
Menasquassicook Matinicus Island, Knox County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the grassy islands."
Menauhant Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "deep water
at point."
Menchoiset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "much food
here"?
Menehanis-cook Boom Islands, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the very small islands."
Menemesseck Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the great
fish-weir," or "at the important fishing-place."
Menemsha Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "middle
island," or "lookout cliff." Also suggested as "sour berries,"
i. e., cranberries.
no
Menes-saganaganis Big Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
(free translation) "collected boards split and fastened to
bottom of canoes" for protection while being dragged through
low water.
Menhaneekek Ragged Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"small islands at this place."
Meniekec St. George Island, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "at the
place of the sheltering island." Such islands as these afforded
ample windbreaks or shelter for canoes. Also Meniquet.
Menikoe Point, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "shelter is-
lands."
Menikpodik Pokomoonshine Lake, Washington County, Me.
Abnaki, "collecting tying-bark." At this place Indians
obtained cedar or basswood fiber to make string, twine,
braid, etc.
Menikuk Cape Harbor, Lincoln County, Me. Malecite-Micmac,
"at the island," "or shelter for canoes."
Menomee Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "seed
corn" or "grain for seeding."
Menotonomy Rocks, Park, Middlesex County, Mass. Narra-
gansett, from the name of the sachem Wannamenotonomy,
or Waimamatanemet.
Mensecommook River, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite, "come
and fetch." Probably a specific place on the stream where
provisions were stored.
Menucketuck Reservoir, New Haven County, Conn. Western
Niantic, "strong-flowing stream." Name transplanted from
Menunketesuck River. Also Menunketuck, and Menunqua-
tucke.
Menuhkikook Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place where
(you shall be) strengthened."
Menunketesuck Island and River, Middlesex County, Conn.
Western Niantic, "strong-flowing stream."
Menunquatucke Gilford, Belknap County, N. H. Probably
Western Niantic transplanted from Guilford, Conn., "strong
flowing stream." This name and the tw^o preceeding are often
given as "place of menhaden," which would be munnoquo-
teauauke; or "menhaden river," munnahtotook.
Ill
Merriconeag Peninsula, near Harpswell, Cumberland County, Me.
Ahnaki? Malecite? "a lazy carry," where canoes could be
dragged or lifted over, without unloading.
Merriconeag Sound, Cumberland County, Me. Malecite, "IdiZy
portage."
Merrimac River and Port, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook,
"deep place." One authority translates this as "noise of the
falls." Also Merrimaege.
Merrimack County, Town and River, N. H. Ahnaki, "at the deep
place." Also a Village in Hillsboro County, N. H. Variant,
Merramacke.
Mesacket Cove, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the place
of two brooks."
Mesakketesagewick Socatean Stream, Aroostook County, Me.
Ahnaki, "stream separating burned timber and burned fields" ?
Mesebigou Sebec Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "the
big lake." This name appears on Father Aubery's 1715
maps.
Meselipemapskek near Pemaquid Point, Lincoln County, Me.
Penohscot- Ahnaki, "very extended ledges."
Meshantic Brook, Providence County, R. L Narragansett, "woody
place," or "canoe-tree" ?
Meshanticut City, Brook and State Park, Providence County,
R. L Mohegan, "at the place of (many) big trees," or "well
forested." Also Meshantacuck, Meshantituck, etc.
Meshapock Brook ; see Mashapaug.
Meshenups Pond; see Moshenupsuck and Snipsic.
Meshmusketucktecutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"the great meadow at the tidal creek."
Meshomasic Mountain, State Forest and Park, Middlesex County,
Conn. Wangunk, "at the place of great springs," "great
declivity." Also Meshomassuc, Mesomussuck, Mesomersic.
Meskaskeeseehunk Brook, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "little
spruce brook."
Meskeekwagamasic Black Pond, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki,
"grassy pond," or "pond with grassy banks."
Messalonskee Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "white clay
here."
113
Messatoocus Smith Brook, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "big
brook."
Messatsoosec Hill, Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "great hills at
the mouth" of the Charles River; or "dry trees place;" or "hill
in form of an arrowhead." See Massachusetts; Massachuset.
Messenegtaquaneh Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
place of the dry tree hill."
Messubisuk see Massabeseck.
Metacom Avenue, Bristol County, R. I. Wampanoag, the name
of King Philip, son of Massasoit. Meaning is unclear, possibly
"at a faraway place." See Pometacomet.
Metacomet Lake, Hampshire County, Mass., and Metacomet
Trail, Hartford County, Conn. A variant of Metacom, above.
Metallak Brook and Mountain, Coos County, N. H. Also a Pond
in Oxford County, Me. Pennacook. This was the name of the
last Coosuck man, who died at Stewartstown, Coos County,
around 1850. His name possibly meant "The Last Man."
Metatoxet River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "well
wooded stream place." Another spelling, Metatuxet.
Metaubscot an ancient Indian village site on Coweset shore,
Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of black rocks" or
"black cliff place." Variant, Mettobscot.
Metecompemiscock see Matacompemiscok.
Metewemesick Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the place
of dark earth."
Metichawon Falls, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "because
of big rapids or the swift current" here the shad stopped in
their migration.
Metinic Island, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "far out island."
Variant, Metineag.
Mettawee River and Valley, Rutland County, Vt. Origin doubt-
ful; possibly Narragansett, "black earth," or Natick, "poplar
trees."
Mettuckquashapock New London County, Conn. Narragansett?
Eastern Niantic? "place of the eel traps."
Metukpogkottomis Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "grove
of white oak trees."
8 113
Miacomet Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, probably
"where we meet to fish," or "enclosure where we meet."
Also suggested as "dry field." Variant, Myacomet,
Miamogue west side of Bridgeport Harbor, Fairfield County,
Conn. Paugusset, "where we come together to fish."
Miantanomi Hill and Avenue, Newport County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "he wages war"[?]. From the name of a chief mur-
dered (or executed?) by a brother of Uncas in 1643.
Miantonomo New London County, Conn. See Miantanomi.
Mianus River, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "Mayanno's
River." Mayanno was a chief who was killed in 1683; his
name means "he who gathers together." He was also called
Pessicus, "a sturgeon." See Mayanno's, Mayannoes.
Michigan Camp, Windsor County, Vt. Chippewa, "big lake."
Michiscouy see 3Iissisquoi.
Micmac Indians, although primarily a Canadian tribe, invaded the
Maine coast in the late 1500's. Their name means "allies."
They were closely related to the Malecite and Abnaki. These
may have been the first Indians encountered by whites, when
the Vikings sailed into their territory circa 1000 A. D.
Mikumwessak "woods fairies." These "wee people" had very
narrow Indian faces. They were reticent and rather solitary,
but very friendly to Indians. They wore red caps w4th pointed
earpieces, like those the Indians wore in winter. It is said
that a certain Mikumwes warned the Abnaki of approaching
Mohawk war parties. The Mikumwessak dwelt in the woods;
they were larger than the rock fairies, W anagameweswak.
Millimagassett Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "where
duckhawks abound."
Millinocket Lakes and Village, Penobscot County, Me. Authorities
disagree on this name. Preferred is Abnaki, "this place is
admirable." Other interpretations: Abnaki, "many coves;"
and Malecite, "broken by outjutting rocks and islands."
Minacomuc Island, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"field in low lands," "berry farm," or "enclosed plantation
in a deep place." Or possibly Narragansett, "berry fields."
Variant, Minnacommuck, Munnacommuck.
Minamok River, Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger, "islands
place," or perhaps "berries place."
114
Mincomonk Meadow, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmttck, "over-
across place," possibly "land across the brook." Also Min-
commuck.
Mingo Beach, Essex County, Mass., and Mingo Rock in York
County, Me. Mingwe was a name applied by the Delaware
to the Iroquois, particularly the Mohawk; Mingo is a cor-
ruption of this. A term of hatred and fear, it meant "tre-
acherous, stealthy, or sneaky," and was commonly used
during the colonial period to refer to those Iroquois who
had settled in Pennsylvania.
Minhan Island, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "the island."
Minhannock New London County, Conn. Narragansett, "island
place," or "at the island."
Minnabaug Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "berry
pond," probably cranberries; perhaps also "deep pond."
One source suggests "island in the pond." Also Minebauge.
Minnacommuck see Minacomuc.
Minnechaug Mountain, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk,
"berry mountain."
Minnechoag Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "berry mountain."
Minnecopscook Seal Rock, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"plenty of rocks here."
Minnehonk Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "berries-
stream," or more likely, "many geese."
Minnesquam see Winnisquam.
Minnewokun Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "many bends," also
Abnaki, "very crooked route."
Minnie Island, State Park, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"small island."
Minniwawa River, Cheshire County, N. H. Malecite, "many
waters."
Minotoquid River, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, perhaps,
"lookout place," or possibly "berry island."
Minusing Island, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "small
island."
Mioonkh-tuk now East Haven, New Haven County, Conn.
Quinnipiac, "where tidal streams come together," or "meeting
of tidal rivers."
8* 115
Mioxe's Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, from the
name of a Chief Mioxeo, circa 1640.
Misadene the White Mountains in Coos and Grafton Counties,
N. H. Ahnaki, "great mountains/' This name appears on
Father Aubery's map of 1715.
Miscoe Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, ''great hill."
But see Misquoc.
Mishanegitaconnet Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "squirrel
hunting ground.'' Also translated as, "field of slaughter."
Mishanneke Hill, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "a squirrel."
Spelled also Mishanoke, Mishannok, etc.
Mishanups see Moshenupsuck.
Mishaum Point, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "great
neck," also "great landing place for canoes" or "big ferry."
Other places named Mishaum are in Plymouth, Norfolk,
Middlesex and Suffolk Counties., Mass.
Mishawamut Neck, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the
great spring."
Mishawomut Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "big landing
place" or "big neck of land." See Shawmut.
Mishawum Lake and Suburb, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick,
"great landing place," etc. See Mishaum and Shawmut.
Mishawum Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "great landing place."
An ancient village at Charlestown.
Mishimayagat "the great trail" from New York to Boston, along
the shore, except from Guilford to New Haven, Conn. Quinni-
piac, "the great trail."
Mishnepettuut Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the place
where the large stream twists."
Mishnock Pond, Road and Swamp, Kent County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "they go and come by water, by canoe." Other
roots suggest "squirrel." Variant, Michnic.
Mishoasket Pond, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "musk-
rat place, "or possibly "wide yellow meadow" (cowslips?).
Miskianza Brook, Washington County, R. I. If Narragansett,
this name is so modified that any translation is guesswork.
Possibly, "trout" or "salmon" or "grass"? More likely: in
Italian, mischianza means "a mixing;" in Colonial times it
116
denoted a very elaborate entertainment. A mischianza was
given by British army officers at Philadelphia on May i8,
1778, in Jionor of Sir William Howe.
Miskwa-aubik Redrock Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Chippewa,
"it is a red rock."
Mispecky Washington County, Me. Ahnaki? ''overflowed." See
Maasbaak.
Misquamicut Hill and Village, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "red salmon at this place." Variants, Mishquo-
macuk, Mishquamicuk.
Misquatucket Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the red river."
Misquiquaungameck now the Clyde River, Orleans County, Vt.
Ahnaki, "meadows at the end of the lake" or "much grass at
the end of the lake." Also, "salmon fishing at end of lake."
Misquitanxit Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "at the
place of the meadows." Also, Misquitanset.
Misquitucket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the red
tidal stream," or "red creek" also "wide stream."
Misquoc Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, possibly part
of ussunamis-co ("small rock" or "pebble") ? Also Miscoe,
Misko, etc.
Missatchawag Windham County, Conn. ? Nipmuck, "place at the
great hill." Also Miscetchawog.
Missaugatucket River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the great outlet of the tidal river."
Missiassick Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "important flint
place" ? See Missisquoi and Missisiasuk.
Missisiasuk on Lake Champlain at the mouth of the Missisquoi
River, Franklin County, Vt. ; this was an important Abnaki
village, 1700-1758. Ahnaki, "people of the great grassy
meadows."
Missisquoi Bay and River, Franklin County, Vt. Ahnaki, trans-
lations include "big woman," "big rattlesnake," "much
flint," and "great grassy meadows." The last-named is most
favored. Also Michiscouy, Petagoubky, q. v. See Greylock.
Missogkonnog Worcester County, Mass. ? Nipmuck, "plantation
near big outlet" ? or "big miry tract" ?
117
Mistasenee Rock Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki, "big
stone."
Mistic Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "the great tidal
river." More commonly Mystic, q. v.
Mistic or Mystic River New London County, and Suffolk County,
Conn. Mohegan, "great tidal river."
Mistick Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "great tidal river."
Mistuckset Brook, New London County, Conn. Narragansett?
"Little Mystic" or "Mystic brook place." Also given as
Mustucksuck.
Mitaganessuk Falls, Eddington Bend, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "at the end of the high tide." This falls marked the
place beyond which flood tides from the Atlantic did not go
upstream. Variant Mitangowessuck.
Mittaubscot Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
black rocks." See Metaubscot.
Mittineag Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "abandoned fields"
or "remains of encampment."
M'kaga-ook took the Little Black River, Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "black river." Another spelling, M'kaazaooktook.
M'kazanikut-menahan Black Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "black growth (hemlock) island."
M'kazawitego the Black River, Windsor County, Vt. Abnaki,
literally "Black River." Found also as M'kazawi sebo. See
Kaskactchawack.
M'kuigen Red Hill, Bennington County, Vt. Abnaki, "it is red."
M'nadagahimis the Cold Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"migrating fish," possibly shad or alewives.
Moantukcake Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
tree where they assemble" ? or "at the bend in the river" ?
Moccasin Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "a shoe."
Moccasin Hill, Essex Countj^ Vt. Abnaki, "a shoe."
Moges Islands, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki? "wet"? or
"black"?
Mogewetu Tolland County, Conn. PodunkP "large dwelling" or
"big house."
Mohanhegumewog New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place
of the Mohegan people," or "wolf people."
ii8
Moharmet's Plantation, Dover County, New Hampshire Ahnaki
or Pennacook, [manrihi) "lavish, wonderful;" "a soothsayer-
he whom others distrust."
Moharmot's Hill, Rockingham, N. H. ; see above.
Moharnes' River; see Mianus.
Mohawk this name is found in a variety of topographic appli-
cations throughout New England. It derives from the name
of the easternmost Iroquois tribe, applied in derision, fear
and contempt by the New England Algonquian peoples.
The term means ''cowards," "cannibals," "hungry animals,"
and "wolves."
Mohegan Bluffs and Village, Providence County, R. I. Mohegan,
"a hungry animal; (especially) a wolf."
Mohegan Village, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "wolf
people." This was the home of the famous Indian preacher,
Samson Occum. See Occum; Mohanhegumewog. The Mohe-
gan tribe is not to be confused with the Mahican, though their
narae also means "wolf." They lived in the upper Thames
VaUey, Connecticut. Before 1637 they were a part of the
Pequot tribe.
Moheganick New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place of the
wolf people," i. e., the Mohegans.
Mohican see Mahican.
Mohootset Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
abode of the owl."
Moiegans Loups, New London County, Conn. Ahnaki and French,
"Mohegan Indians," at Mohegan Indian Village. French
Colonial officials in Canada called all Indians Loups, "wolves."
Moissehassaky Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "black mire
bog."
Molasses Pond, Hancock County, Me. Some Indians have said
that this came from an Old Ahnaki root, meaning "deep,"
but this is doubtful. Some say it means "a small island," from
monasses, which is equally questionable. See Molunkes.
Molechunkemunk Lake, Oxford County, Me. Ahnaki, "stream
in a deep ravine" ?
Molligwasset Providence County, R. I. Narragansett? or Nip-
muck? "valley place."
119
Molly's Falls and Molly's Pond. See Mali bowk, Mali panjahlok.
Mollywooket Brook, Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, ''at the deep
place."
Molnichwock Brook, Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "very deep
place" or "ravine" ?
Molockett Mountain, Oxford County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the sheer
cliffs." But local history says, "place of Mary Agatha, last
of the Pequaketts" who died in 1816. See Mali bowk.
Molunkes or Molimkus Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki,
"a ravine," or "high banks on both sides."
Molynuchgamog Lake, Franklin County, Me? Ahnaki, "steep
banks lake."
Momagegwetuck Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck? Mohegan?
"river abounding in small fish." See Mamaquog.
Momauguin Beach, New Haven County, Conn. Named for a
chief of the Quinnipiac tribe. Also called Momauquin, per-
haps "Black Feather," sachem circa 1638.
Mommock Essex County, Mass. Pennacook? NatickP "place of
noises" — the falls of the Merrimack.
Momoronock River, Fairfield County, Conn. ? Siwanoy? Pau-
gussettP Delaware? from the name of Chief Momoronock, "he
assembles the people." Variants, Mamarack, Momohanock,
Moworronoke, Mamaroneck, etc.
Mona Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "it is deep." Also
Moona.
Monadnock Mountains, in Cheshire County, N. H., and Essex
County, Vt. In Ahnaki, this means, "at the mountain which
sticks up like an island;" while in Natick, "at the most
prominent island." The name is applied to peaks of resistant
rock surrounded by a peneplain. These were used as lookout
stations. Tooker (1904) says, "at the most prominent moun-
tain." Also Monadnaeg.
Monadoc see Monadnock.
Monahigan "The Grand Isle" of John Smith, 1614? See Mon-
hegan.
Monakewego Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett? Siwanoy? per-
haps "plenty of meat," or "deep at the end," or possibly,
"deep at the point's end."
120
Monamesset Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the deep fishing place," or "lookout place."
Monamsha Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "cranberries."
Also Minamsha.
Monanis Bay, Pemaquid, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "the
small island."
Monasses Block Island, R. I. Narragansett, "little island." See
Manisses.
Monatiquot Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the deep tidal
stream," or "lookout place."
Monchauset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
dark earth."
Monchusett Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "lookout place."
Moncouadi Washington County, Me. Malecite or Micmac, modi-
fied by French. Same place, and same meaning as Passama-
quoddy, q. v. Variant, Moncouacadie.
Monhantick New Haven County, Conn. Paugussett, "a spruce
or cedar swamp."
Monheage Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? "heaped-up place,"
or "place of mounds"?
Monhegan Island, Knox County, Me. Malecite? Micmac? "out
to sea island." Variant, Monliagon.
Monhiggin Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
islands."
Monhiggon River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of islands." Also given as "it is deep here"[?]
Monhimgunuck now Voluntown, New London County, Conn.
Mohegan, "the Mohegan's place."
Moniack ancient Natick (and Pennacook?) name for mouth of
the Merrimack river, "place of the island."
Moniecook Barter Island, Knox County, Me. Micmac, "at the
island."
Monnebassa Pond, Humphrey's Pond, York County, Me. Ahnaki,
"deep water."
Monohassett Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
small island."
Monomonac Lake, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
deep place;" or "deep black mire."
121
Monomonock Lake, Cheshire County, N. H. Abnaki, "at the very
deep place." (Perhaps Natick, "place where there is grain
for seed") ? Also as Monomak.
Monomoy Island and Point, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, probably "lookout or observation place," but possibly
"deep water." See also Monomoy Marshes, and Manamoyik.
Monomoy Marshes, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "deep,
black" (mire). Other spellings Monomout, Monomoiett,
Monomoy et, etc.
Mononkatesuck see Menunketesuck.
Mononowuttock Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonassett, per-
haps "island dwellers" ?
Monoosmoc Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "deep,
miry place," or possibly "deep stream."
Monoosuck Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "deep brook."
Monoposhke see Mooapske.
Monponset Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
deep clear place," or "at the deep inlet."
Monsapec Village, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "island
far at sea."
Monson Hampden County, Mass. If Indian, perhaps Pocumtuck,
"moose people." But more likely, from an English name.
Montauk Point, south of Stonington, Conn. Now part of New
York State, Montauk was before 1625 ^-^^ ^-S late as 1790 a
favorite fishing place for Eastern Connecticut Indians.
Montauk, "at the fort," or "fort place high land."
Montaup Neck, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "sufficiently
fortified"? or "lookout place"? See Montop.
Montinicus Island, off Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "little
island far off, separated from the mainland." See Matinicus.
Montononesuck Brook, New London County, Conn. Eastern
Niantic? "wade across the brook to the island" ?
Montop Hill, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "this island is
sufficiently fortified." This is the original name for Mount
Hope. Possibly from M'ontep, "the head." See Montaup.
Montowese Village, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, a
chief named, "Little God," who sold land in 1638.
122
Montsweag Bay, Brook and Village, Sagadahoc County, Me.
Modified Abnaki, "narrow, dug-out channel."
Monuhchogog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "near the
deep pond" ? or "ye shall be strengthened" ? See also Man-
chaug and Manchage.
Monuhchug see Manchaug.
Mooanum see Wamsutta.
Mooapske New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "black
stones." Also Monoposhke, "black, muddy."
Moodus Reservoir, River and Village, Middlesex County, Conn.
Wangunk, "bad noise," from mache moodus. The "Moodus
Noises," probably caused by subterranean shif tings, are still
a cause for concern.
Moonassachuet River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"deep backward (reversing?) current."
Moosabek Reach, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "moosehead
rock."
Moosalamoo Mountain, Addison County, Vt. Abnaki, "he trails
the moose," or "the moose departs."
Moosamuttuck River, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac,
"big springs in the river," or "big rocks in the stream," just
possibly, "Big Shoulders," the name of a chief?
Mooscoog Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. Pennacook, "meadow
place," or "grassy place," or "abode of the moose."? This
is probably the same mountain as Moosilauke.
Moosehausic Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
great marsh." Variants, Mooshassuck, Mooshawset, Mows-
hawsuck, Moshosick, etc.
Mooseleuk Mountain, Aroostook County, Me., and Stream, in
Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "moose place."
Mooselookmeguntic Lake, Franklin County, Me. Abnaki, "por-
tage to the moose feeding place," or "moose feeding among
big trees" ?
Moosepayechick an island at Jonesport, Washington County,
Me. Abnaki, "moose's head." See Moos-i-katchick.
Moosetookmeguntic Oxford County, Me. Abnaki, "moose's river
(running through or out of) swampy place."
123
Moos-i-katchick Cape Rosier, Hancock County, Me. Malecite,
"a moose's rump." Indians imagined this to be the moose-
calf killed by Glooscap.
Moosilauke Brook and Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. Abnaki,
three defensible translations: ''at the place of the ferns," and
"good moose place" along the brook; also, "at the smooth
place" on the summit.
Moosompsquetuh Bennington County, Vt. Natick, "near (or
upon) smooth (weathered) rocks."
Moosup Pond, River and Villages in Windham County, Conn.,
and Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, named for
Chief Mausup, a brother of Miantanomi, q. v. He was also
called Pessicus, q. v.
Mootinoo Island, said to be off the Isles of Shoals, Rockingham
Count}^ N. H. Abnaki, somewhat modified, for "far off
island."
Mopang Stream, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "solitary place."
Moratiggon Island, Knox County, Me. Probably Old Abnaki,
. "passage, or strait" between the island and the mainland.
This island, now known as Monhegan, was a domain of Samo-
set. Variants. Moratiggan, Morratiggin.
Moscachuck see Musquechuge.
Moscatage see Musquechuge.
Mosemadage Castine, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "snow shoe
marks." Spelled also Mosemadega.
Moshantatuck Brook; see Mashanticut.
Moshassuck River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "great
brook in the marshy meadow."
Moshenupsuck Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "great brook,"
or "great outlet;" perhaps "great pond."
Moshowunganuck Washington County, R. I. East Niantic, "at
the place of the great bend," in the Pawcatuck River.
Moshtatuck Creek, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "grass
river."
Moshwansicutt River and Pond; see Moswansicut.
Moskituash Creek, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "meadow."
Moskituauke Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "grassy
land." Sometimes Mosquito Hawk.
124
Moskwaswagamocsis Daggett Pond, Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "little muskrat pond."
Moskwaswagamok Shallow Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki,
"muskrat lake."
Mossonachud Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "hill
covered with dried trees," or perhaps "canoe- wood hill."
Moswamcut Pond; see Moswansicut.
Moswansicut Pond and River, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "place of mist and fog," or "red hill," or "at the great
bend."?
Mount Hope see Montaup, Montop.
Mountquies Neck, York County, Me. If Indian, perhaps Abnaki,
"salt-water (or tidal) ditch."
Mountsweag Bay, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "dug-out narrows."
Mousam River, formerly Cape Porpoise River, York County,
Me. If Indian, perhaps Abnaki, "grandfather," or Old Abnaki,
"a snare."
Mouscochuck Creek; see Musquechuge.
Moxisset Essex County, Mass. Natick, "place of small grasses" ?
or "small shoes" ?
Moz Mushkeg Grafton County, N. H. Abnaki, "moose meadow."
Mozias a locality in Essex County, Vt. May be Abnaki, "moose
meat," or perhaps from the name of a White man named
Mozier or Mosier.
Mozodepowadso Mount Mansfield, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki,
"moose head mountain" from its fancied resemblance to the
homed animal's head.
Mozodup Nebes Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ab-
naki, literally, "moosehead lake."
M'skootuk Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "trout place."
(But this root gives trouble; the translation might be "at a
point of land," or "fireplace.") See M'skutook and Schoodic.
M'skutook an abbreviation for Pemskudek, Marsh's Farm, Old
Town Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "extended
burned-over place," near the river. See M'skootuk.
M'squamagweseebo Hale Brook, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"salmon river" or "salmon brook."
125
M'squam Chumaki Belknap County, N. H. Ahnaki, "salmon
spawning place."
M'squam Nebis now Squam Lake, Grafton County, N. H. Ahnaki,
"salmon lake." This title noted on Aubery's map of 1715.
M'squamscook now Exeter, Rockingham County, N. H. Ahnaki,
"at the abode of salmon."
M'teoulin, Madeluno, and Madewahun, (modern Ahnaki and
Malecite); Manrigwa in Old Ahnaki; and Magermette or
Majalmit in Modern Ahnaki all mean "one who drums,"
that is, "soothsayer," "witch or sorcerer," etc. These terms
figured in unofficial or local names, most of which were
suppressed after 1630 by White religious authorities. Some
of these have been re-located or discovered by linguistic
students, e. g., Kinkajou.
Muchquachema Swamp, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"red fox."
Muckcheese Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? "small animal,"
such as a kit beaver, or bear cub.
Muckhaneek probably the same place as Mohegan Village, New
London County, Conn. Mohegan- Pequot, "wolf people."
Mucqut Cove; see Kitamuckqut.
Mugaleep-ahwangan Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Malecite, "the
caribou trail."
Mugget Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "beaver"?
Natick, "grass" ?
Muggs Holes, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "storage
bins"? These may be old, dry spring basins; the holes were
indeed used for storing potatoes, turnips, etc., but see Muky-
aweesug. (Were these hiding places for "wee people" ?)
Mugunkwaquog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place of the
gift."
Mugurrewock Lakes, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "the
shoveler," or caribou.
Muhhekaneew Litchfield County, Conn. etc. Mahican, "people of
the flowing river." Other sources give "wolf people." These
were Mahican, not Mohawk, nor Mohegan.
Mukquata Neck, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"place of rushes."
126
Mukyaweesug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "little
boys" or "little people;" leprechaun-like dwarfs. This name
has been translated also as "whippoorwills." The Abnakis
have similar "wee people;" see Wanagamesswak.
Mulpus Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "little heaps"
probably muskrat or beaver lodges. But some say this is from
the name of a French settler, de Mulpuis.
Mundoo-uscoo took the Eastern River, Kennebec County, Me.
Ahnaki, "Devil's-rush river." These rushes were probably
cat-tails, supposed by some Indians to have magical powers.
Munhan New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "an island."
Spelled also Manhan.
Munhumsqueeg see Manimmsqueeg.
Munnacommuck Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "island
place," or "island plantation," or "berry plantation." See
Minnacommuck, Mincominuck, etc.
Munnatawkit Island, either Fisher's Island or Plum Island, south
of New London and Niantic respectively; politically now
part of New York, but formerly important to Eastern
Connecticut Indians. Western Niantic? "menhaden country,"
where (said Roger Williams) the Pequots went to fish and to
make new fields of corn, fertilized by the menhaden.
Mun-olammon ungan West Branch of Pleasant River, Piscata-
quis County, Me. Ahnaki, "heaps of red paint in making."
Munponset Plymouth County, Mass.? Natick, "at the deep clear
place."
Munsungan Lake and River, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"humped-up island."
Munt Hill, Rockingham County, N. H. Pennacook? or Natick?
Said to be the name of an Indian who lived near there.
Sometimes translated as "a basket."
Murranook Monhegan Island, Knox County, Me. Malecite, "the
island." See Monhegan.
Musabek Grafton County, N. H. Ahnaki, "moose head rock."
Muscatanupus Pond, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook? Na-
tick? "small red tortoise."
Muscatuapus Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "the large
pickerel."
127
Muschaug Ponds, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"place of rushes." Variant, Mushaug.
Muschopaug Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "muskrat
pond," or ''wide pond." Also Muskopog, Muscopauk, etc.
Muscongus Island and Sound, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki,
"many rock ledges," or "rock," or "large rock ledges."
Muscoota Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican? "meadow," or
"grassy land," or "burned pasture."
Muselenk an island near Eastport, Washington County, Me.
Malecite and modified English, "moose island."
Mushantuxet New London County, Conn. Peqiiot, "well forested,"
or "place of large trees." Also Mushantucksett. See Mash-
antuxet.
Mushattchuckapeake Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"pond at the great mountain," or "big hill near the edge or
bank of the pond."
Mushawwomuk Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the great
canoe landing," or "great ferry," depending upon the occa-
sion; mishoonhomwock means "they go or come by water."
Mushuagusset Pond, Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic,
"muskrat place." Also Mushuagannie.
Musicatchick Cape Rosier, Hancock County, Me. Malecite?
Ahnaki? "moose's rump," the rump of the moose-calf killed
by Glooscap.
Muskagwah marshes or meadows along the Connecticut River,
Essex County, Vt. Ahnaki, "a marsh."
Muskapasset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "wide cove" ?
or "grassy, open land." ?
Muskechuge see Musquechuge.
Muskeget Channel and Island, Nantucket County, Mass. Wam-
panoag, "great green place," or "grassy place."
Muskehtu-auk Plain, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "green
grass place;" also called Mosquito Hawk Plain.
Musketaquid Middlesex County, Mass. Massachuset, "place of
rushes." Sometimes given as "rushy creek," or "rushy island."
Also Musquetequid.
Musquacook River, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "muskrat
place," or "birch bark place."
128
Musquash a bog, lakes, mountain and stream in Washington
County, Me., a road in Hillsboro County, N. H., and a
meadow in Orange County, Vt. All are Ahnaki, meaning
"reddish-brown animal," the muskrat.
Musquashcut Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"abode of muskrats/'
Musquauke New Haven County, Conn. Qiiinnipiac, "red earth."
Musquebaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "red pond."
Musquechuge Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "place where
rushes grow." Variants, Musquachug, Mascachuge, Mus-
kachaug, etc.
Musquetaug Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
rushes."
Musquetohauke Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"grassy place." Variants, Musquetohaug, Mosquito Hawk, etc.
Musquetuxet Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "red brook" ?
or "brook in grassy place," or "grassy meadow brook land."
Given also as "place of herbs."
Musquinepash Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "trout"
(plural).
Mussachuck Creek, Bristol County, R. I. Pocasset, "at the place
of flags or rushes."
Mussaco Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "great lowland" or
"big outlet." Also Mussauco; see Massaco.
Musshauge Swamp, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "grassy
pond," or "grassy place."
Mutanagwes Dochet Island, Washington County, Me. Passama-
quoddy- Ahnaki, "place for storage." Also Muttonegwenish,
and Muttoneguis.
Mutighticoss see Titicus, Tittituck.
Muttock see Muttught Keese.
Muttoneguis Dochet Island, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki?
Malecite? "little island near us," used for storage?
Muttonegwenish Little Dochet Island, Washington County, Me.
Ahnaki? Malecite? "tiny island near us," used for storage?
Muttught Keese Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big
shoulders." From the name of a famous chief at Namasket.
Also Muttock.
9 129
Muxquatah Neck, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
of rushes."
Muxquataug Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
of rushes." Also Muxquata, Muxqua, etc.
Muyquataug Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic? "path
to the pond place" ? or "place of rushes." Variant Muyquatage.
Myacomet Pond; see Miacomet.
Mystic River and Village, New London County, Conn. Pequot-
Mohegan "the great tidal river." Also Mistick.
Mystic Lakes and Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "great
tidal stream."
Mystic River, Suffolk County, Mass. See Mistic.
-N-
Naacook, Naamhok, Naimkeak, Naumkeag etc. Pennacook? Ahnaki?
Natick? "at the fishing place." Several such scattered over
eastern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts.
Naamcoyicke Creek, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "heaps
of fish," possibly drying for fertilizer? But see Nanacoicus.
Naamkeak Middlesex County, Mass. Pennacook, "at the abode
of eels."
Naaomuck Neck, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "nar-
rows fishing place." Variant, Naomuck.
Nabnasset Pond, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "near the dry
land" ? or pond "number twelve" ? or "chestnut tree place" ?
Nachecot Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "middle place."
Nacheek location unknown, but see Nachick below.
Nachick Hill, Kent County, R. L Narragansett, "my house."
Nacommuck Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "enclosed
point of land," or "garden at the point," or "sandy field"?
Nadhuset Stream, Plymouth County, Mass. Narragansett, "procure
meat or game," or "hunting place."
Nagatossett location unknown, probably New London County,
Conn. Eastern Niantic, "sandy brook."
Nagatuck see Naugatuck.
Naggawoomcom Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
probably a variant of Agawam in the sense of "a canoe
unloading place," "basin at the sandy place."
130
Nagog Pond and Village, Middlesex County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the sandy place," or "at the corner" or "near the path."
Nagusset Abagadusset Point, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki,
"at the small point."
Nagwadog Lone Tree Hill, Orleans County, Vt. MahicanP "one
tree."
Nagwamqueeg Mallison Falls, Presumpscot River, Cumberland
County, Me. Abnaki, "a single sand bar" ?
Nahant Essex County, Mass. Natick, "the point." Also translated
as "almost an island;" an older version makes it "two things
(islands) surrounded," probably surrounded at high tide.
(Nahanton, or Nahantum, was a chief in this region.)
Nahapassumkeck Plymouth County, Mass. Natick, "right there
at the roasting place." Also given as "place of posts or stakes."
Nahatan Street, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, from William
Nahetan, a Christian Indian circa 1650.
Nahett Peninsula or Neck, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the point."
Nahigonset Island, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the small point." Variant, Nahiganset.
Nahma jimski congomoc Haymock Lake, Aroostook County,
Me. Abnaki, "fishing place at dead water lake," on high land.
Nahmajimskitegwek Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "dead
water fishing place meets stream" (tumbling out of high
place) ? See Nahma jimski congomoc.
Nahmakanta Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "plenty of
fish."
Nahnek-bahntik Caribou Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"big island falls." This place was an important source of
wycobee, or leatherwood, so important in manufacturing
pack-goods.
Nahoosik see Hoosic, and Mahoosuc.
Nahteawanet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "four cor-
nered gap," or "square shaped hole."
Nahumkeag Falls, Island, Pond and Stream, Kennebec County,
Me. Abnaki, "eels run out."
Nahwesetuck anciently a Mohegan village on Fenton River,
Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, "small fish stream."
9* 131
Naiag Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonassett, "a point." See
Nayaug.
Naidni Rutland County, Vt. This is a jape — just the word 'Indian*
spelled backwards.
Naiog Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "at the point."
Naiwayouk Point, New London County, Conn. Western Niantic?
"crooked point." See Noank,
Nalabongan Sebasticook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"above the lake," or "the lake above." Nala, or nara seem to
indicate a resting-place at a pond above a stretch of rapids.
Nalagamoik Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "above the
lake."
Nalagwem Menahan Verona Island, Hancock County, Me. Ab-
naki, "the island upstream from bogs."
Nalaseemagamobsis Shad Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"below the sluggish place near the small rock," where guides
and hunters rested after poling up the stream.
Nallahamcongan alias Natanis Franklin County, Mass. Abnaki?
PennacookP "fishing place downstream?" See Nalumsunk-
hungan, Natanas.
Nallahoodus Mountain, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "below
the rapids" ? or "fall on either side" ? See Nulhedus.
Nallawagwis Washington County, Me. Malecite? Abnaki? "below
the whirlpool, or great eddy" ? But see Narraguagus.
Naltaug Brook, ¥/orcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "narrow
place." Alternate spelling Nautaug.
Nalumsunk-hungan Rips, Ayers Rips, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "fish curing place below the outlet."
Namaaskotic Lake Wallis, Essex County, Vt. Abnaki, "salmon-
trout place."
Namacock Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
fishing place."
Namadunkeeunk see Nemadunkehunk.
Namagonic Seymour Lake, Orleans County, Vt. Abnaki, "salmon
trout spearing place." See Nammygoe.
Namaquaog exact location not known, Windham County, Conn.
Probably Nipmuck, "fish-place." (Namacush? see Togue.)
132
Namareck Hartford County, Conn. PodunkP or Poquonnock?
"fishing place." Other spellings Namelake, Nameroc, Name-
roake.
Namaskeese Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "heaps of
fish,'' perhaps for fertilizer?
Namasket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the abode
of fish."
Namaskik Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "at the fishing place."
See Amoskeag. Another spelling Namaoskeag.
Namassakeeset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "heaps
of fish."
Namdamassuagiim Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "sucker lake."
See Nemdamassuagimi.
Nameaug New London County, Conn. Mohegan-Pequot, "the
fishing place." Other spellings Nameek, Nameeg, Nameug, etc.
Nameaug Essex County, Mass. Natick, "fishing place" possibly
"place where eels are caught."
Namequoit Point, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the fishing place."
Nameroke formerly an Indian village at Warehouse Point,
Hartford County, Conn. Podunk, "fishing place." See Nama-
reck.
Namemikquasset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
end of the heaps of fish."
Namkeag Essex County, Mass. Natick, "fishing place," or "eeling
place."
Namkecke River, Rockingham County, N. H. Ahnaki, "fishing
place."
Namkook Boston Neck, now Salem. Washington County, R. I.
Narragansett, "at the fishing place." Also Namacoke and
Nameoke.
Nammygoe Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Penohscot, "salmon
trout." Same as the Togue or Nammacush. See Namagonic.
Namokanok Island, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "turtle shell
island."
Nampscoscoske an ancient name for Wells, York County, Me.
Ahnaki, possibly, "comes out of sandy place," a stream? or
"sandy, rocky land" ?
133
Nampshaket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "temporary
sojourning place" ?
Nampsic Pond Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "fishing
place."
Namquit Pond, and Point, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"fishing place." Another source gives this as a contraction of
Quinnemquit, "high spring."
Namquoxet Shore, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the little beach," or "at the small fishing stand."
Namshaket Creek, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a
fishing place." But see Nampshaket, above.
Namucksuck New London County, Conn. Western Niantic?
"fishing place at outlet."
Namyak probably this country was Pequot or Mohegan territory,
around New London, Conn. The name means "fishing place"
in those tongues. Also Namyoke.
Nanachestawack Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place of
safety," or "fort."
Nanacoicus Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "an
earthen pot," or "an earthern kettle."
Nanakumas Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the shore,"
literally, "dry land." Variant, Nunna Koma.
Nanantomqua Worcester County, Mass. A^z^mwc^, "rocky point" ?
But see Nonantum.
Nana penahekan Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "stone
heaps; piles of fallen rocks." See Mannan penokean.
Nanapenhakan Brook, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "stream
coming out of stone heaps." Variants, Nanipenihekan, Nanah-
penahekan, Mannanpenokean.
Nanaquacket Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "swamp
dries up." Also Namaquaket, Nunnacket, Nunnaquacket.
Nanaquonset Island, Fox Island, Washington County, R. I.
Narragansett, "above the confluence of two streams" ? "narrow
strait," or "long beach; long dry shore."?
Nanenol Mehanol off Burlington, Chittenden County, Vt.
Ahnaki, "five islands."
Nanepashemet Village, Essex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "he who
walks at night," i. e.. The Moon. Nanepashemet was the
134
great Moon Chief of the Naumkeag at Salem in 1616. A
"Queen Nanepashemet" was killed in 1621. Another possible
translation is "dry fountain."
Nanequoxet Fox Island, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"above the confluence of two rivers," or "narrow strait."
See Nonnequasset.
Nanhoc location unknown, perhaps York County, Me.? Abnaki,
"downstream place," or perhaps a modification of Manhoc,
"island place" ?
Nanipsick Pond, Providence County, Conn. Narragansett, "place
of the narrow body of water"? or "dried-up pool"? See
Nipsic.
Nannaquaket Pond, Newport County, R.I. Narragansett, "it
dries up."
Nannaquokset Neck; see Nonequasset.
Nannihiggonsick R. I. This is the name of a small island described
by Roger Williams. Rough translations include "good ferry,"
"narrow strait," etc. Some references state that this name
may be the original of the term Narragansett.
Nannonicky Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "dry land" ?
Nanomesset Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
narrow place abounding in fish." Now Gosnold Island.
Nanrantsoak the Old Ahnaki name for Norridgewock, q. v.
Nanshigganset see Nahigonset.
Nansquatog Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "above the
confluence of two rivers."
Nantascot Nantasket, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the place of two points" (which appear at low tide).
Also "narrow bridge place" (at low tide), Nantoyusk-ut?
See Nahant.
Nantasket Brook, Windham County, Conn. See below.
Nantasket Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the strait," or
"place of the ebb tide." See Nantascot.
Nantiganset Bay, Little Narragansett Bay, Washington County,
R. I. Narragansett, "at the small point," or "at the place
where the river is no longer narrow."
Nantucket County, Island, Mass. Wampanoag, either "in the
midst of waters" or "at the far-off (at sea) place" or "where
135
it is, the sea gets broader;" also Narragansett, "far off,
among the waves," and "point of land in the stream."
Perhaps "narrow river," the strait between the island of
Nantucket and Tuckernuck Island.
Nantusiunk Newport County, R. I. Goat Island, in Newport
Harbor. Narragansett, "narrow ford or strait." Also Nomsus-
muck, and Nantusununk or Nantuzenunk. See Nantascot.
Napackamach Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican? "fish weir," or
"fish trap place."
Napchecoy Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the hill
near the shore."
Naperhan Creek, Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger, "a snare or
trap."
Napucke Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "at the pool" of water.
Naquag Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "a point or angle."
Naquamke FaUs, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "place of eels."
See Nequamwicke and Nahumkeag.
Narantsoak Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, na-itswak, "down-
current," or "rapids." See Norridgewock.
Narmacungawak Brook, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "a deep
fishing place."
Naromiyock nowhusun katankshunk Brook, Litchfield County,
Conn. Mahican, "fishing place in the gravelly stream near
the big hill." (Or possibly a name built up by Whites).
Narragansett many places; parks, trails, villages, and names in
New England. All are Narragansett, meaning "at the small
narrow point." This was an important Rhode Island tribe
which occupied most of Rhode Island west of Narragansett
Bay. Until defeated during King Philip's War they were the
most powerful tribe in southern New England. Also Narra-
ganset. See Nahigonset, and Nannihiggonsick.
Narragooe an ancient Abnaki village, location uncertain; trans-
lation perhaps, "above the marsh," or "upstream from
canoe landing." See Narraguagus below.
Narraguagus River, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "above the
boggy place."
Narshapogge Hartford County, Conn. Probably Wangunk, "two
ponds near together." Also Neeshapaug.
136
Nasauket Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the neck of
land/' "land between rivers."
Nasawi the land between the Waits River and the Connecticut River,
Orange County, Vt. Abnaki, "midway," or "land between."
Nasawtuck Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "the middle
river," or "river between."
Nasbaug Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki, "three ponds."
Nashamoiess Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "in the middle
of the dark land;" or Natick, "small path between."
Nashanticut Providence County, R. I. See Mashanticut.
Nashaquits Cliffs, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "be-
tween islands," or "middle of islands."
Nashawag Windham County, Conn. Nipmtwk, "between two
river branches." Variants, Nashaway, Nashua, Nashawog.
See Ashawog.
Nashawake Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck "place between
river branches."
Nashawannuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "the meadow
between."
Nashawena Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "it lies
between."
Nashawena Road, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "half
way," or "between."
Nashawomauk Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "in the
middle of the country." But see Shawmut.
Nashayte Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place between
two tidal streams," or "two branches" of the harbor.
Nashoba Brook, Middlesex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "between
waters." See Neshobe, etc.
Nashua City and River, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook,
"between" streams.
Nashua Reservoir and River, Worcester, Mass. Nipmuck, "bet-
ween" streams. Variant Nashawa-eg.
Nashuae Komuck Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
half-way house."
Nashuatukq[ut New London County, Conn. Nipmuck? "between
two rivers," the Yantic and the Quinebaug. Also found as
Nashuatukut. See Shetucket.
^37
Naskeag Point, Harbor and Village, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"place at the end."
Nasket Point, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "at the end."
Nasketucket Bay and Village, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett,
"at the end of the tidal stream."
Nasnocomacock Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
halfway place," or "at the place between." Another source
gives "end of plantation" or "as far as the plantation."
Naspatuckett River; see Woonasquatuckett.
Nassahegan State Forest, Hartford County, Conn. Poquonock or
Tunxis, "he has two houses" or "he lives at halfway place." ?
Also spelled Nosohogon, "second dwelling place." An Indian
by this name sold lands in Connecticut in 1673.
Nassaque mentioned by Capt. John Smith. Possibly Nasket, q. v.
Nassawket Shore ; see Nasauket.
Nasso-emek Dyer's Neck, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "land
between."
Nassouac the ancient name for Merrymeeting Bay, Sagadahoc
County, Me. Abnaki, "land between." Variant, Naxoat.
Natanas Brook, Franklin County, Mass. Probably Abnaki, from
Natanas (or Natanis), a brother of Sabbatus; both were
helpful to the Americans in the Revolution. It is suggested
that the name comes from Natick, nootimis, "oak tree,"
but other evidence traces it to Nathan-is, "little Nathan."
See Nallahamcongan, Sabbatus.
Natanis Brook, Cheshire County, N. H. Abnaki, "little Nathan."
Natardin Mountain, Me. See Katahdin.
Natchaug State Forest, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"between rivers."
Natchick Hill; see Nachick.
Natick Village and Falls, Kent County, R. I. Natick, "the place
I seek," that is, "my home, my house." But another source
gives "a plain," or "a clearing." Also a village in Middlesex
County, Mass. See Massachuset.
Naticook now Litchfield, Hillsboro County, N. H. Abnaki, "at
the place where the river flows downward."
Natuah possibly in Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "a meadow
or intervale" ?
138
Naubuc Village, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "overflowed,
flooded."
Naugatuck River and Village, New Haven County, Conn. Quinni-
piac, "a single tree." (Naugatuck Reservoir is in Fairfield
County.) Another spelling, Nawcotuck. See Nagwadog.
Naukeag Lakes and Village, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"fishing place," or "sandy place," or "soft earth."
Nauma Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "(long) point?"
or "(long) sand spit," "(long) fish"? Quon-nauma?
Naumkeag or Nahum Keke Essex County, Mass. Natick, "eel
place;" another source gives "sandy land."
Nausauket Village, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
second outlet," or "between outlets." Another spelling,
Nausaucat.
Nauseag Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "the point of land." See
Nasket.
Nauset Barnstable County, Mass. Nauset, "at the place between"
(Cape Cod Bay and the Atlantic Ocean?), or "on the point."
Naushon Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "angular" ?
"middle" ? "Spirit of God" ? "big spring" ? "first" ?
Nau-wot Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger? "a great way" or
"far distant." See Nawottok.
Nawaas the general Connecticut region. Also Nowaas.
Nawbesetuc the site of an ancient Indian village, Tolland County,
Conn. Mohegan, "land at the pond," or "overflowed river
country," bottom land.
Naweag see Noank.
Nawlombages Etna Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "a
little pond upstream."
Nawottok HampdenCounty, Mass., and Hampshire County, Mass.
Possibly a transplant by White settlers from Connecticut;
Wangunk, "land far away?" Otherwise given as "middle of
the river," that is, on or at a small island in the stream.
Naxoat the St. John's River, the boundary between parts of
northern Maine and Canada. Malecite? Abnaki? perhaps
"far away" or, "at the point of land"[?]. See Nassouac.
Nayacke see Nayaug.
Nay age see Nayaug.
139
Nayantacawnick a small island off shore from New London County,
mentioned by Roger Williams; the precise spot is not known.
Narragansett, "at the place across from the Niantic." Prob-
ably Gull Island or Plum Island, N. Y.
Nayantaquit Eastern New London County, between Thames and
Pawcatuck rivers. Narragansett? "points of land on tidal
stream."
Nayanticot (Point Judith), also Nayanticut. See Nianticut.
Nayas Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "a point, or angle."
Nayasset Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the small point."
Nayatt Point and Road, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
point." Also Nayot, Nayott.
Nayaug the point at the mouth of Roaring Brook, Glastonbury,
Hartford County, Conn. Probably Wangunk, although this word
which means "point or angle" is used in several major dialects.
Nayaug Colchester Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Mahican, "a
point."
Nayump River, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "point, rocky."
See also Nayumps, below.
Nayumps Rock Point, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "rocks
at the point." (Where the Nayump river runs into Housatonic).
Nayumpsk New London County, Conn. Western Niantic? "rocky
point." Spelled also Nyumph.
Nayyag Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the point."
Nayyocossuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "brook near
the point of land."
Neaguamkot Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "the first place,"
hence, "old village"? See Negan odanak.
Neanscott River, Androscoggin County, Me. Abnaki, probably
"at the place where they cure fish," but possibly "trembling,
boggy banks."
Neanticoet and Neanticot see Nianticut.
Neastoquoheaganuck see Escoheag.
Nebisonbik mineral springs in Essex County, Vt. Abnaki, "mi-
neral water place."
Nebissee-woldam-wogan Weeping Rocks, near Pownal, Benning-
ton County, Vt. Abnaki, "waters of sorrow," according to
Rowland Robinson, Vermont's famous blind author who
140
collected and preserved many Indian names. (Also in Mohawk,
Kanyatare Keahea, "lake of death"). This landmark was
destroyed in a road improvement program in i960.
Nebraska Notch, Chittenden County, Vt. Osage, "the fiat water,"
or "wide, fiat expanse of river."
Necadoram the main stream of the Sebasteguk River. Penobscot
County, Me. Abnaki, possibly "better route up this fork."
Nechawonak see Newichawannock ; also Nechawonek, Nechewan-
nick, Nechowanuck, etc.
Neconaugamook Round Pond, Third Machias Lake, Washington
County, Me. Abnaki? Malecite? "third long lake."[?]
Necotok location unknown, perhaps in Knox County, Me?.
Abnaki, "fork in river." See Nicatow.
Neddick Cape, York County, Me. Micmac, "heaving in sight of
a solitary upstanding island." Variants, Nedick, Neddock.
Neekequaw Pond, Washington County, R. I. Nanagansett, "home
place, or house" ? or "double pond" ? Also Neekeequoweere
and Neekeequawese.
Neekounegan the right bank carry, past Old Town Falls, Pe-
nobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "the better, or preferred carry."
Neesepegesuck Brook and Ponds, Middlesex County, Mass. Nip-
muck, "two narrow outlets." Also found as "two pond brook."
Neeseponsonet Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "in the neigh-
borhood of two clear ponds," or "at the second waterfall."
Neetmock River, the Blackstone River, New London County,
Conn., and Kent County, R. L A modern form of Nipmuck,
"fresh water place."
Negan odanak Old Town, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "the
first, or original town;" that is, "the old town."
Negas now Fort Point, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, perhaps
part of their word for "portage," perhaps part of a longer
word meaning "short cut." Also Negew. See Negunisis.
Neghechewanck a small island at the confluence of Cocheco and
Salmon Falls rivers, York County, Me. Abnaki, "island in
two currents" or "island at the great bend."
Neguasseag River Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "a pond" or
"place of the pond," also "first widening] as we go up-river."
(See Nequasset.)
141
Negunisis Knox County, Me. Abnaki, contraction and modification
of Ouinigansees, "small (or short) portage." Also Negunsis.
Negunket River; see Neguntequit and Ogunquit.
Neguntequit ancient name for Wells, York County, Me. Abnaki,
"old, abandoned fields."
Negunticook Camden Harbor, Knox County, Me. Micmac, "big
mountain harbor."
Neguttaquid River, Berwick, York County, Me. Abnaki, "old
island," or "first island." See also Neguntequit.
Negwamkeag near Augusta, Kennebec County, Me. Probably
Malecite, "a single sand bar."
Negwasseg see Nequasset.
Negweesen the great boulder at Rock Point, Chittenden County,
Vt. Mahican? Abnaki? "single rock."
Nehaiwe Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "place down stream."
Nehantic see Niantic.
Nehantic State Forest, New London County, Conn. In memory
of the Niantic Indians who formerly lived here. This name
means practically the same as Nehantuck, q. v.
Nehantuck Niantic Point, New London County, Conn. Western
Niantic, "point of land on a tidal river or estuary." See Niantic.
Nehumkeag or Nahumkeag see Nahumkeag.
Nehumkee or Nehumkike Several such places in York, Cumber-
land, Knox, Penobscot and Kennebec Counties, Me. Abnaki,
"eel place."
Nekatatacomet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "divided
field" or "divided plantation."
Neketow see Nieatow.
Nekrangen the mouth of the Sheepscott River, Lincoln County,
Me. Abnaki, perhaps "the opening." See Klanganissecook.
Nemadunkehunk, Webster Stream, Penobscot County, Me.
Malecite? Micmac? "straight-up-the-hill stream."
Nemasket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the fishing
place," or possibly "grassy land." (There was a Nemasket
Village in Boston Harbor to circa 1790.)
Nemdamassuagum Gardiner's Lake, Washington County, Me.
Abnaki, "sucker lake."
142
Nemonunck or Nominick Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"land to be seen far off," or "elevated land."
Nemoset Mountain and Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"at the fishing place."
Neotaconkonitt Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the short (or scant) boundary mark," the hill surmounted
by Cononicus' Boulder. There are at least 60 variants of this
name.
Neotuquet River, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the solitary
river."
Nepash Stream, Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog, "upright stake"
or possibly from nepaus, "the sun"(?)
Nepasooenegg Brook, Mohawk Brook, Hampden County, Mass.
Nipmuck, "at the upright stone."
Nepaug Reservoir and River, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk,
"fresh pond."
Neponset Reservoir and River, Suffolk County, Mass. Natick,
perhaps an abbreviation of winneponset, "a good fall,"
that is, easily negotiated by canoe parties. (Perhaps this has
something to do with nepiin, "early summer." Another set
of roots give a hint of "sleeping," or "dreaming.") Variants,
Naponsitt and Naponset.
Nepp Point, Washington County, Me. If Indian, perhaps nepe,
"water" in several dialects.
Nepsucknet Plymouth County, Mass. From Wampanoag, "at the
place where the brook runs all summer," or "at the brook
which has its outlet in the pond."
Nequamwicke Falls, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "eel-place."
Nequaseag River, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "place of clear
(or shallow) water."
Nequassabemasis Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "small pond."
Nequassebem Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "a pond or lake."
Nequasset Pond and Village, Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki, "at
the pond."
Nequechoke Lake, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "near the
hilly place."
Nerigwocke, Neriwocke see Norridgewock.
143
Nesayik now Boy den's Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"the muddy lake." Spelled also Nesseik, ''roily water."
Indians say the water is roily because of the death-throes
of "a huge water monster," the Wiwiliamecq.
Nesenkeag Eel Brook, Hillsboro County, N. H. Abnaki, ''they
come here two-by-two, " probably the so-called silver eels.
Nesepack Ponds, Addison County, Vt. Abnaki? "two ponds" ?
Neshaw Holmes Hole, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "two of
a kind," or "they go two-by-two," the silver eel,
Muraena argentes.
Neshobe the Otter Creek Valley near Brandon, Rutland County,
Vt. Natick, "very full of water." Also a river in Addison
County, Vt.
Neshunganset Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"in the middle of the fishing place." Also Neshunganes.
Neskett Maine Coast, between Penobscot Harbor and Mt. Desert
Island. Abnaki? "rough places"?
Nesopack Pond, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "eels pond,"
"they come two by two," i. e., silver eels. But see Nesepack.
Nesowadnehunk Stream, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "swift
stream between mountains," or "swift stream in the moun-
tain ravine."
Nesquabinanset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
first water pool."
Nesuntabunt Mountain, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "three
heads." From a certain angle, the height seems to be three
headed; that is, with three peaks.
Netahme Puntook falls on Otter Creek near Vergennes, Addison
County, Vt. Abnaki, "first falls on river," above river mouth.
Netakamikus Knox County, Me. Penobscot- Abnaki, "big ridge."
Variant, Netiikhamakoos.
Netop Mountain, Bennington County, Vt. Natick, "my friend."
Neutaconkanut Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the short or scant boundary mark." Also Natakonkanet,
Neotacankonitt, Neutaqunkanet, etc.
Newagen Cape and Village, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, part of a
longer word meaning "route across the land," or "route
stopped and turned across land," kepan-ahwangen.
144
Newashe Hartford County, Conn. Podunk, "a point of land"?
New Canada Township, Aroostook County, Me. Mohawk, "the
houses."
Newdick Point, Sagadahoc County, Me. Malecite, "at the solitary
place."
Newichawannock Rapids, York County, Me. Abnaki, "at the
place between two strong currents and rapids," or "between
swift river forks." Variants, Nechawonak, Nechawonek.
Newichawannuk Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipimwk, "ex-
tended rapids, at the fork in the river." Spelled also Ne-
wichawannak.
Newichwanimak Lake, (Great East Lake) Carroll County, N. H.
Pennacook, "the place of extended rapids, at the fork."
Newichwannock River and Village, Strafford County, N. H.
Pennacook, "where rapids extend a considerable distance,
at a fork."
Nexaongermek now Stetson Pond, Penobscot County, Me. From
Abnaki, "the lake between" Etna Pond and Newport Lake,
but not connected with either.
Nezinscot River, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki, "place of descent,
going down-river by canoe."
Niagara Falls, Piscataquis County, Me. Seneca, "the collar-
shaped object," or "the neck-piece."
Niantic Indians who lived between the Connecticut River and
the Rhode Island boundary. Invading Pequots split the tribe
in two; some remained in Connecticut between the Connec-
ticut River and Niantic Harbor, others went east to live in
western Rhode Island. Thus we have the terms Western
Niantic and Eastern Niantic; there is actually almost no
difference between the two dialects. The term Niantic trans-
lates as "those who live at the point." Variants, Nehantic,
Nyantic.
Niantic R. I., and various points in Connecticut. West Niantic,
"point of land on the tidal estuary." See Nianticut and
Nyantaquit.
Nianticut Point Judith, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
''ait the tidal creek near the point." Also Nayanticut.
Niben a meadow south of Bellows Falls, Windham County, Vt.
Abnaki, "summer."
145
Nicatous Lake, Hancock County, Me. Ahnaki, "the little fork"
in the stream. See also Nicatowis.
Nicatow old name for Medway, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"the river fork."
Nicatowis Fork, of Passadumkeag River, Hancock County, Me.
Ahnaki, "the small fork."
Nichewaug Village, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
midway place," or "place between."
Nichiquiwanick N. H. Sometimes incorrectly [?] translated as
"place of my wigwam." See Newichwannock.
Nichmug River, Grafton County, N. H. Ahnaki, "fishing place
at the fork."
Nickwacket Mountain, Rutland County, Vt. Ahnaki, "at the
fork," or possibly "abode of squirrels" ?
Nigakws-wakeag Skiff Pond (or North Lake) tributary of the
Spednick River, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "the fork-
tailed terns' nesting place."
Nikaagamok Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "forked
lake." See also Nikanagamak, below.
Nikanagamak Ragged Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"forked lake." Spelled also Nigidawagamek.
Nikisipik a locality near Franklin, Merrimack County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "fork in the stream."
Nimpanick Hickanuh Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
place where a tree was split during a thunder storm," or
"place of thunder clefts."
Ninigret Pond, Washington County, R. I. East Niantic, "a war
chief." Ninigret was a chief of the Niantic, 1654.
Ninipoket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the fresh pond."
Nipchossuck see Nippsatchuk. Variants, Nipsachoke, Nipsachook.
Nipmuck many place names in southern New England. All derive
from Nipmuck, "fresh water place," or, "fresh water fishing
place," the name of a tribe living in Connecticut, Rhode Island
and Massachusetts.
Nippahonset Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
fresh water pool."
Nippaniquet Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
small fresh water pond."
146
Nippeake New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "water
country," probably meaning "well watered, plenty of fresh
water brooks."
Nippenick Lake, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, probably
"fresh water pool," but possibly "at the summer place."
Nippoo Pond and Hill, Strafford County, N. H. Ahnaki or Penna-
cook, "fresh water pond." Variants, Nepo, Nebo, Nippo,
etc.
Nippowance Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett form, same as
Rippo warns, q. v.
Nippowin Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "good water."
Nippsatchuk Hill and Swamp, Providence County, R. L Narra-
gansett, "water near the hill,"
Nipsic Hartford County, Conn. Wangimk, "fresh pool," or
"water brook." Another spelling Nipsuck, "at the pool" or
"where water flows out."
Nipsquanauge New London County, Conn. Wangunk? "land at
the long pond."
Nisopack Ponds, Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "double pond"
or "two ponds."
Nisquitianxset Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "defiled
or unclean place" ?
Nissitissett Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "two brooks" or
"between brooks."
Nissitisset Hill and River, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "near
the two small rivers."
Niswosaket Providence County, R. I. This is an ancient name for
Woonsocket, R. L Probably Narragansett, the name means
approximately "water broken up as it goes rapidly down-
ward" ? or "place of two brooks" ?
Nitchewog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "land or place
between."
Niupp aquashneag Brook, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac?
"water at place of flags or rushes" or "rushy pool."
Noag see Nayaug. Variant, Noyaug.
Noanet Peak and Brook, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the
far place," or "at the dry place?" or "place of dry trees" ?
Spelled also Noanat.
lO*
147
Noank Bay, Point and Village, New London County, Conn. West
Niantic, "it is a point."
Noautuk see Norwottuck.
Nobscot Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, ''ait the rocky place."
Nobscusset Harbor and Point, Barnstable County, Mass. Wam-
fanoag, "at the place of little reefs, or small rocks." Variant,
Nobsquassit.
Nobska Point, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "rocks."
Nobsquassit Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the rock
ledge cliff."
Nockum Hill, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "land can be
seen far off," or possibly "sandy."
Nodawangak Lincoln County, Me.? Ahnaki, "dancing place," or
"where we dance." There were several such places.
Noepe Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag? an old name for
Martha's Vineyard. See Nope, and Noepi.
Noepi Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag? "in the midst of
waters." An old name for Nantucket. See also Nope.
Noeutuck Hampshire County, Mass. Natick? Mahican? "middle
of the river." See also Noautuck, Norwottuck.
Noguncoth Perhaps a 1649 spelling of Ogunquit, q. v.
Nohlkai Menahan in Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis County, Me.
Ahnaki, literally "deer island."
Nohono Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, possibly an abbre-
viation of the terms for "dry land" or "beach;" or "middle
place," or "far away."
Nokatay Island, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "one alone,"
or "first (island) come to; "possibly, "where the channel splits."
Nokhigan a locality near Goshen School, Orange County, Vt.
Ahnaki, "flour, or meal-mortar" (A typical Mohegan-type log
mortar was there until 1941. Local legend had Coosucks
grinding fine corn meal there). The words "no-cake," nokeag,
rokeag, yokheag have the same root-meaning: "fine-ground
meal."
Nokomis Pond, Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, "my grandmother."
Nolan gamoik Ripogenous Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"resting place after a long hard carry above a long stretch
of falls or rapids."
148
Nolat keeheemimgan Freese Island, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "between the hunting grounds."
Nolkaianak Essex County, Vt. Ahnaki, "deer here."
NoUesemic Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, ''resting place
at falls above the long stretch."
Nollidgewanticook River, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "place
above the falls in the river" ? See also Norridgewock.
Nolumbeke see Norumbega.
Nolwottog Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "far-away place."
No Man's Land (Island), Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag,
modified by Colonists from the name of Chief Tequenoman
of Nantucket, 1664.
Nomascom Grafton County, N. H. Ahnaki, "long fish"? More
likely a modification of Mascoma, q. v.
Nomsussmuc Island, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "white
beach place" ? Possibly also "infertile mud" ? or "place of
little heaps" ?
Nonacoicus Brook and Pond Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"dry earth" ? "dry pines" ? or "earthen pot" ?
Nonantum Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "I am well minded,
I rejoice," or Narragansett, "I am glad."
Noncook Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "sandy place,"
or "at the shore."
Nonequacket Island and Shore, Washington County, R. I.
Narragansett, "dry land place," i.e., the shore.
Nonequasset see Nonequacket. Variants, Nonequausut, None-
qiiksett.
None quit Cove, Pond and Point, Newport County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "dry land," the shore. Also Nonnequid, Nonquid, etc.
Nonganeck see None quit.
Noni's Spring, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, from the
name of an Indian who lived near the spring before 1800.
Nonnecoicus Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "dried soft stuff,"
perhaps dried mud, possibly baked clay, as earthen pots.
See Nonacoicus.
Nonnequasset Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "narrow
swamp place" ? or "above the confluence of two rivers."
149
Nonnewaug River, Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican, "dry land"
referring to stream drying up in summer.
Nonniquatuc see Nonequit.
Nonnowigil Mehanol Chittenden County, Vt. Ahnaki, literally
"five islands."
Nononomesset Island; see Nanomesset.
Nonotuck Hampshire County, Mass. Natick, "in the middle of
the river," or "narrow river;" or Paugussett, "far-away place."
Nonquitt Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "dry place," or
"place of harvest," or perhaps "landing place."
Nookagee Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "the sandy
place," or possibly "the clay place."
Noomuck see Namkook.
Nooseneck Hill and Village, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the place of the beaver." See Noozapoge.
Noosnippi Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Narragansett, "beaver
pond."
Nootash Hill, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "carry loads
in them, on your back;" that is, "baskets."
Nootimishash Tolland County, Conn. Podunk? "oak trees."
No-ottut Merrimack County, N. H. Natick, "far-away place."
No-ottut Hampden County, Mass. Paugussett, "a great, long
journey."
Noozapoge Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "beaver-
pond." See Nooseneck.
Nope Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag? abbreviation of p'nops
quessaugamaug, "menhaden fishing place." This is an ancient
name for Martha's Vineyard. Variant, Nopi.
Nopque Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "menhaden-
place" ? or "utmost, furthest place."?
Noquochoke Lake, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "soft
earth place." See also Nequechoke.
Noronoke Lake, Fairfield County, Conn. Perhaps Mahican, "dry
land" or Paugussett, "far-off country"?
Norridgewock Village, Somerset County, Me. Probably Abnaki,
"where swift river descends". Possibly Malecite, nah-wis-
ewauk, "two torrents at this place." Variant, Noridgewa-eg.
150
Norsaton now Noroton Village, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy,
(free translation) "creek almost dry at low tide."
Norumbega Point and Village, Hancock County, Me. Also a
Park and Reservoir, Middlesex County, Mass. This name
appeared on maps as early as 1550, with a very large territory
so labelled. Ganong (1912) wrote that this word is a European
transplant, and that the following Abnaki name, however
similar, is coincidental: Nolumbeke, ''still water between
falls." Variants, Aranbega, Nanrhbegwa, etc.
Norwalk see Norwauke.
Norwauke Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "at the point of
land." Also given as Norwaack. But see Norwottock.
Norwottock Rockingham County, N. H. Natick? "far away
place." See also No-ottut.
Norwottock Mountain, Hampden County, Mass. Natick? or
PaugussettP "far from us."
Nosahick Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki? Malecite?
"place of roiled water," or "muddy lake." See Nesayik.
Notaconkanut Hill; same as Neutaconkanut.
Nowaas Hartford County, Conn. Podimk, "between rivers"?
or "at the point" ?
Nowashe Hartford County, Conn. Podunk, "between" rivers.
Nowatunamon Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "dried up place"
also "dry, ready for harvest."
Nowedonah Fairfield County, Conn. A Long Island chief who
helped the Dutch in their Connecticut struggles, circa 1645.
His name is Montauk, "I go seek;" presumably the enemy.
Nowesit Neck, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "middle
place."
Nowpaug Washington County, R. L ? New London County,
Conn? Niantic, "dry pond"? "beaver"?
Noycoy Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "soft stuff," such as
mud, or clay.
Nubanusit Brook and Lake, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook,
"at the place of gently sloping banks"? or, "small summer
place" ?
Nucksisset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
landing place."
151
Nuequiauke location uncertain. New London County, Conn. ?
Western Niantic? Paugussett? "broad land" ?
Nuhkehkummees Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a small
shelter."
Nukacongamoc Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "lake
which is beginning" or "headwater pond," or "pond beyond
which boat and burden have to be carried."
Nukkekummees Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "sought
for place" or "desired home." But see Nuhkekummees.
Nulhedus Mountain, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, "(water?)
fall on each side."
Nulhegan River, Essex County, Vt. Abnaki, "my log trap;" a
deadfall.
Nullie Kunjewa Brook, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "fishing
place downstream."
Numachinagamook Elbow Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ab-
naki, "lake that opens on one side."
Numchenugmawis Second Lake, Washington County, Me. Male-
cite, "lake one-sided;" inlet and outlet on the same side of
the lake, so one may go straight up in a canoe.
Numdemosees Stream, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "little
sucker-fish swim up" (to spawn?). Possibly also, some other
small migratory fish.
Numtsceenaganawis Elbow Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ab-
naki, "little crossways pond."
Nungee Brook and Swamp, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"trembling, quaking."
Nunkatusset River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "narrow
meadow," "winding brook." Also, Nunketest.
Nunkertuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "crooked
stream."
Nunnakomac Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonassett, "dry
land," or "at the shore."
Nunnaquahgat Neck, Newport County, R. L Narragansett, "dry
meadow." Variant, Nummastaquyt.
Nunnatucket River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "a
creek that dries up."
Nunnawauk Road, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "dry land."
152
Nunnipaug Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fresh pond," or
''narrow pond." Variant Nunpoak, "dry pond?"
Nupskonaug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "land at
long pond." See Nipsquanauge.
Nusalk Chunangan possibly on Penobscot Bay, Knox County,
Me. Perhaps Abnaki, "village near the big fish weir." See
Nutskamongan.
Nuscongus see Muscongus.
Nusquash Pond, Sagadahoc County, Me. See Musquash.
Nutskamongan probably Ayer's Rips, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, perhaps "good cornfield" or "fishing place." It was
here that the Mikumwessak, the dwarfs or "wee people" came
to warn the Abnaki that the Mohawk were enroute east,
on the warpath. The Mikumwessak were wood-dwellers,
larger and more friendly than the rock-dwelling Wana-
gameswak.
Nyac New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "a point."
-o-
Oantenocke or Ouantinuck; see Weantinock.
Oawascoage River; see Owascoag.
Obscob New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "white rock." See
also Webomskat.
Obumkeag River, York County, Me. ? Abnaki, "sucker-fish place"
from abodumquen-keag.
Obwebetuck Hill. See Ocquebituck.
Occawa Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "on the other
side,"? or, "over against (the fishing place)"?
Occooch Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small."
(But possibly "flies.")
Occopaug New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "head of the
pond." See Aquibapaug. Another spelling, Aquebogue.
Occum Village New London County, Conn. Mohegan, named for
Samson Occum, 1723-1792, a famous Indian preacher who
worked for Indian education; he was also a prime mover
in the exodus of New England Indians to Brothertown, N. Y.
153
Occupaspatucket Cove, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"near the cove on the shallow tidal creek." Variant Occupas-
pawtuxet.
Occupasstuxet Road, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "small
cove on tidal creek," or "cove on small tidal creek."
Occupessuatuxet Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "small cove
on tidewater."
Ocinamunt Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag ? Perhaps
originally Oshamamucks, "eel fishing place. "[?]
Ockoogangansett Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
plantation," or "plowed fields place."
Ockseattkontack New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "wading
place (or fording-place) at the creek," possibly where the
Mishimayagat, "principal trail," turned eastward.
Ocquebituck Hill, Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, meaning
doubtful. Perhaps "separated from river," or else "top of
a tree;" probably the latter.
Ocquiunk Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "under the
tree." See Acquiunk,
Ocsechoxit Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "fox country."
See Woonksechocksett.
Odana site of ancient Koessuk, Windham County, Vt. Ahnaki,
"dwellings."
Odonwagayon meadows near Swanton, Franklin County, Vt.
Mohawk, "old beaver or muskrat lodges."
Ogesh Kuppi Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small enclosure."
Oggawame see Agawam.
Oggunikonqquamesut Middlesex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at
the plowed fields, or plantation."
Ogoncog River; see Ogunquit.
Ogunquit Village, York County, Me. Micmac, "lagoons within
dunes" ? Also Ahnaki, "place of waves," from antegw-quit.
Ohio Brook, Washington County, Me. Mohawk, "the large or
beautiful river."
Ohio Hill, Windsor County, Vt. Mohawk, "big or beautiful river."
Ohkakquiset Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
hollow" (or kettle-hole) ? or Wonqui quaset, "crooked rocks
154
place" ? or Oke-aquesset, "field ending place" (earth, dirt,
field?)
Ohkonkumme Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "village on
the other side" (across the island).
Ohnowarake a small cove in Lake Champlain, Chittenden County,
Vt. Mohawk, "turtle place."
Ohomowauke a pine swamp near Ledyard, New London County,
Conn. Eastern Niantic, "owl's place." This was a favorite
refuge of Indians when attacked. Also Ohomauke.
Ohomowauke Swamp, Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic,
"at the abode of owls." This was a hiding-place for Indians
during colonial wars, hence "place of refuge, or concealment."
Ohskenonton Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk, "a deer."
Oiocommuck see Aigio commuck.
Okemo Mountain, Windsor County, Vt. Chippewa, "a chieftain"
or Ahnaki, "a louse."
Okenmakomesut Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the field
(enclosure) on the other side." This was a farming village
regularly visited by John Eliot, 1604-1690.
Okommakemsit see Okenmakomesut.
Okpaak an ancient Ahnaki village, perhaps in Cumberland
County, Me. ? "at the bend" ? or "cleared land" ?
Olamon Island and Village, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"vermilion, red paint."
Oloostook River; see Aroostook, Wallastook, Oolastook, and
Walastegw, all Ahnaki or Malecite words meaning "beautiful
river."
Omeconset Meadow, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic?
Narragansett? "drinking place," or "well place" {wuttah-
hommiink), or possibly "herring fishing place" ?
Ompompanoosuc River and Village, Windsor County, Vt. Ahnaki,
"mushy, quaky land."
Omquemenikeag Lake, North Schoodic Lake, Washington County,
Me. Ahnaki, "place of cranberries."
Onagunset see Wunnegunset.
Onawa Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Chippewa, "Awaken!"
(In Longfellow's Hiawatha, "Awaken, O Beloved!")
155
Ondawa Stream, branch of Batten Kill, Bennington County, Vt.
Mohawk? "white stream."?
Onderiguegon Lake Champlain, Drowned Lands south of Rut-
land County, Vt. Mohawk, ''lake stopped up without outlet."
Oneadalote Lake Champlain, Vt. Oneida, "a lake."
Oneco Village, Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, named for
Oneco, the son of Uncas in The Last of the Mohicans.
Ongeachonta Mountain, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki? "top
(or summit) of mountain" ?
Onkatomka Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "top of
the rock."
Onkawoom Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "land on
the other side" ? or "landing-place," similar to Agawam?
Onkoskopsug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "Uncas'
spring."
Onkowam Plymouth County, Mass. See Agawam.
Onnahookset Cheshire County, N. H. Pennacook, "at the place
of beautiful trees."
Onota Lake, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "blue" ? "deep" ?
or possibly modified from Oyatuck, "he dwells at a water-
stream."
Onset Plymouth County, Mass. If Indian, perhaps Wampanoag,
"place at the point," or "sand place," or "shellfish place,"
or "plain, sandy place."
Onshaukamaug Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk? a "fishing
place for eels."
Onyatalot Lake Champlain, north of Shoreham, Addison County,
Vt. Oneida, "standing lake," or "(wide lake) standing in
a stream" or "(possessed) standing lake."
Ooalakguemook the AUagash River, Aroostook County, Me.
Ahnaki? Malecite? "birch river," or "birch place," or "black
camp river" ?
Oolaghesee Cape Rosier, Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "the
entrails." This is a vein of white quartz under water, which
resembles water-soaked moose entrails. Glooscap, the
legendary Malecite hero, killed a moose calf and threw the
insides to his dog. There they remain.
156
Oolagweskwigamicook the Allagash River, Aroostook County,
Me. Ahnaki, "bark cabin stream," or "bark-house place."
Also Allagaskwigamook.
Oolamonogamook Silver Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"vermilion paint lake."
Oolamonoosuk Olamon Island, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"place of red paint."
Oolastook see Wallastook.
Ooniganissek Cape Jellison Neck, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki,
"at the short carry." Also Ouinigansek.
Oosoola or Ussoola Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "flooded."
Opechee Bay, Belknap County, N. H. ; and Stream in Waldo
County, Me. Chippewa, "a robin."
Opponaugue see Apponaug and Opponenaubock.
Opponegansett see Apponagansett and Ponaganset.
Opponenaubock see Apponaug.
Opuitowaxet Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "fording
place at the end of a portage," or "ford at the waiting place."
Oquassanock Brook, Orange County, Vt. Ahnaki, "at the place
of the slender trout."
Oquasskikonaquam Lake Sunapee, Merrimack County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "slender trout at the end of the field." Price (1958)
says: "place abounding with slender trout."
Oquossoc Village, Franklin County, Me. Ahnaki, "a blue slender
trout," or "place of the oquassa trout."
Oramphegan see Quamphegan.
Orantsoak parts of the Kennebec River, Kennebec County, Me.
Ahnaki, "rapids" or "swift water." Also Aransoak.
Orcawa Nantucket County, Mass. See Occawa.
Ordonakis said to be near Lyme, Grafton County, N. H. Penna-
cook? "at the place of small dwellings" ?
Oregon Barnstable County, Mass. Possibly a modification of
Wauregan, q. v. If not, perhaps from French ouragan,
"hurricane," or Latin origanum, "wild sage," or even Spanish
orejon, "big ear."[?]
Orenaug Hill, Litchfield County, Conn. Quinnipiac? PaugtissettP
"pleasant place." Also see Waurenaug.
157
Original Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. This is not
an Indian name but a French word meaning "elk," adapted
by certain French-speaking Indian guides, who use this
name for "moose." Variants, Orignal, Orignac.
Orkatucket see Annaquatucket.
Oronauke Fairfield County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "curved place"
or "land at the bend." Other spellings Oronooke, Oronoke,
Oronoque, Orronack. See Woronoco and Wauregan.
Orono the site of the University of Maine, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, from the name of Chief Joseph Orono, who may have
been a white man adopted into the tribe in his boyhood.
This name is not translatable; it may not be Indian.
Ortocoag River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "where we
mend canoes." Also Oriocog.
Osabeg Hills, York County, Me. Abnaki, "the other side of the
stream or pond." See Ossipee.
Osamequin another name for Massasoit ; from Wampanoag, "yellow
feather."
Osceola Island, Plymouth County, and Mountain, Berkshire
County, Mass. ; and Mountain in Grafton County, N. H.
Derives from Asi-yaholo, "black drink," the Seminole term
applied to the famous leader of that tribe. The word refers to
a ceremonial potion.
Oselaga Camp Hochelaga, Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk, "at
the beaver dam," from Hochelaga, q. v.
Osotonac Creek, York County, Me. Pennacook? "land beyond the
mountain." See Housatonic.
Osquepaug River, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the end of the pond," not "whiskey pond."
Osquoon Cape Rosier, Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "the
liver." This is a large reddish brown rock, supposed by
Indians to be the liver of a moose calf killed by the legendary
hero, Glooscap.
Ossaghrage an ancient Indian village, York County, Me. Perhaps
Abnaki, "place near salt water." But see Koghserage; the
Mohawk ranged as far east as Gaspe.
Ossapimsuck Brook. See Assapumsic.
158
Ossipee Lake, Mountain and Village, Carroll County, N. H. and
Pond, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "water on other side,"
or "beyond the water."
Oswegachie River, Essex County, Vt. Mohawk, "a long bay or
estuary."
Oswegatchie Hill, New London County, Conn. Oneida or Mohawk?
"long bay or estuary." But if not Iroquoian, perhaps Mo/^^g^w,
"outlet near the mountain" ?
Otstenrowanen Rock Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk,
"the large rock."
Ottauquechee River, Windsor County, Vt. Natick? "swift
mountain stream," or "cat tails, rushes, near a swift
current" ?
Otternic Pond, Hillsboro County, N. H. If Indian, possibly
Ahnaki, "at the dwellings."
Ouatchuset see Wachusett.
Ouchamanunkanet Meadow, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "cultivated plantation at the halfway place."
Oui-ina-ouasset see Pemigwasset.
Ouiniganisis-ikuk Stillwater Branch, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "stream with the very short carry."
Ouinous-tic River; same as Winooski, q. v.
Ouisnouski Bay, now Malletts Bay, Chittenden County, Vt.
Ahnaki (modified by French influence), "at the place of wild
onions." Another spelling, Ouynouske.
Oukote Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "a kettle"? or "hills."?
Oulakese-Awangan, a route along the Penobscot River between
Abol and Chesuncook, Piscataquis County, M.e. Ahnaki, "route
of entrails," or "route of sausage casings" because ponds
"on this trail are strung along like links of sausage."
Oumgomkos Franklin County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "place over
across."
Ouneganisis a portage at Stillwater, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "the very short carry." This was just a few yards,
around a tricky waterfall; thus, "a small portage."
Ouramana Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Old Ahnaki, "vermilion,"
"shining," or beautiful." See Olamon.
Ousatunick see Housatonic.
159
Ouschankamaug Hartford County, Conn., and Berkshire County,
Mass. Mohican, "eel-fishing place." Also Ouschanpamaug,
Washakamaug, etc.
Ouwerage an ancient Ahnaki village. Possibly the same place as
Ossaghrage?
Ouy goody St. John's River, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite,
"canoe place" ? Spelled also Oxgoudy.
Owanux Cumberland County, Me. Old Ahnaki, "strangers (here)"
from aSeni, "strangers," i.e., colonists. Variant, Awanoots.
Owascoag River, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the grassy place."
Owassoosen Bear Notch, Orange County, Vt. Ahnaki, "bears'
rocks," or "bear's den."
Oweantonnuc see Weantinock. Spelled also Ouwanatonnuc in
which version it may mean "at the cloudy, misty hill" ?
Owenamchock a locality in Fairfield County, Conn. Mohegan,
"beyond the fishing place."
Owenoke Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "lowland" or "valley,"
or "country beyond."
Owtanic Coos County, N. H. Pennacook, "ait the village."
Owunnegunset Hill, Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the
place of the portage," or "place near the kettle-hole" ?
Owweonhimgganuck Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "where
fish come to lay eggs" ? or "place where we gather eggs,"
(gull, plover, or turtle eggs). Another source gives "beyond
the drinking place," and "beyond the fishing place." Also
Oweeonhonganock, Owwaenungganuck.
Oxecoset Creek, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"fox country," also "place of small pines." See Woon-
sechockset and Wonksacoxet.
Oxoboxo Brook and Lake, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"a small pond."
Oxopaugsuck Brook, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "outlet
of the small pond."
Ozwazogehsuck Penobscot Brook, Penobscot County, Me. Ah-
naki, "waded across by 'quartering' (because of the swift
current)." One Indian called it "yellowish brown brook,"
but Nudenans gives answegan, vadum trajicio, "to cross a
ford."
i6o
-p-
Paamtegwitook the Penobscot River below Bangor, Penobscot
County, Me. Abnaki, "extended rivers united in one
stream."
Pabachismusk Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "fishing place
at the bend of the stream," the Farmington River.
Pabaquamske The Split Rock on Quinebaug River, Windham
County, Conn. Mohegan, "split rock."
Pacamkik Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the abode of
codfish," (or haddock?) or "dark land" (well fertilized).
Also "open land."
Pacanaset Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "little cleared
place."
Pacanaukett see Pokanoket.
Pacanoket all the land in Bristol, Warren and Barrington,
part of Swansea, and Seekonk, eastern Rhode Island. This
territory was called Sowams by the Narragansett. See
Pokanoket.
Pacatuck Brook, Hampden County, Mass. Niprmick, "open,
clear river." See also Pawcatuck.
Pachade Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the turn" (as
in a road or trail).
Pachamaquast Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
cleft rock."
Pachassett River, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
small branch," or "boundary."
Pachasuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "split, or divided,
brook."
Pachatanage Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "dividing,
or boundary place."
Pachaug Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "the turning
place."
Pachaug State Forest, Windham County, Conn. Village and Lake,
New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "the fork, or turning
aside place." (Some say "divided river.")
Pachawesit same as Pocasset?
Pachest Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "turning place."
II i6i
Pachet Brook, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
boundary," or "dividing place," or "turning place."
Pachet Brook, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
turning place." See Pochet.
Pachgatgotch Hill, Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican, "where the
river divides." See Pishgachtigok.
Pachquadnach Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "at the
mountain with bare, cleared sides."
Pachquinacook Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger, "elevated
land," a plateau.
Pachuach Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "bends," or "turn-
ing-off place."
Pachusett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "dividing hill
place," or "place of the boundary hill," or "hill of
quails" ?
Packachaug Hills, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
turning place." Also Packachoag, Packachoog, etc.
Packachoog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "bare mountain
place," or "treeless mountain."
Packamohquah Neck, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"open country," If spelled Pacomoquash, perhaps "place
of fallen rock" ? See also Poncammooncoe.
Packwacke Gorge, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "open
place." Probably a shortened form of a word or phrase
meaning "open place below the gorge."
Packwock Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki? Malecite?
"clear, transparent, shallov/ place."
Pacomsuck Island, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "swift
narrow brook," or "cleared lands." See Peagscomsuck.
Pacomtock possibly Hartford County, Conn,, the Farmington
River in its upper reaches ? See Pocumtuck and Pacomsuck.
Pacoquarocke New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "a long
stretch of cleared land." Ancient name for the east bank of
Naugatuck River near Ansonia and Derby. Also Pacoqurocke.
Pacoussett see Pocasset, Paugasset and Paugusset.
Pacowachuck New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "place of
the bare hill."
Padaquonch or Padaquonk. See Pataconk.
162
Pagassett Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "place where the
river widens/' Variants include Pawgasuck, Paugasset,
Pawgasset, etc.
Pageacoag Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "muddy
place."
Paghmaigah New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the div-
ided path," or "where the trail splits."
Paghuntanuck an ancient Ahnaki village, location possibly in
York County, Me. ? Ahnaki, "land broken up for cultivation."
Pagiscott see Pejipscot.
Pagolgwansek Penobscot County, Me. ? Ahnaki, "shallow place,
clear."
Pagonaumischaug possibly Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog,
"fishing place near the bare hill."
Pagwonk New London County, Conn. Narragansett or Eastern
Niantic, "cleared land." Also Paugwonk.
Pahahauk Franklin County, Vt. Mahican, "he waits for him (or
them?)" a rendezvous at Sciaticook or Schaghticoke on
Missisquoi Bay.
Pahcupog see Pauquapaug.
Pahegansuc Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "bare hill
place." Spelled also Pegansic.
P'ahnmoiwadjo Squaw Mountain, Piscataquis County, Maine.
Ahnaki, "woman's mountain." This is a Modern Ahnaki term
introduced by Indian guides. (The word for "woman"
is p'hanem, perhaps from French femme? There is no f-sound
in Ahnaki; p'hanem is pronounced puh-hanem).
Pahquioke Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "cleared land,"
broken up for planting. Also, Siwanoy, "open country,"
or "cleared land." Variants, Paquiag, Poquuag, Poquaug,
Poquuaug, Pyquag, Poquiogh, etc.
Pahquioque Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "cleared lands."
Pahquopog Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"clear pond," or "shallow pond."
Pais-unk Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "clams place." (the
My a arenaria species).
Pakanoket Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the small
plantation."
163
Pakemit Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the clear place."
See also Pimkapoag.
Pakonokick see Pakanoket, below.
Pakwakek Pickpocket Falls, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki,
"at the place of arrows" ?
Paliten Chittenden County, Vt. Modern Abnaki pronunciation
of "Burlington."
Palmasicket Hill, York County, Me. Meaning obscure; perhaps
Abnaki, "at the place you walk by." (If Panmasicket, "where
the brook opens out."
Pamanset River, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
inlet or cove."
Pamaquasset New London County, Conn. Western Niantic,
"watered or flooded meadow" ? or "across the meadow" ?
Pamaquesicke River, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at
the ledges." But see Pamechipsk.
Pameacha Pond, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk? "crooked
mountain," or "mountain near the small river" ?
Pamechage see Pomachaug.
Pamechipsk Hills, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "cross-
wise rocks," or "transverse rocks;" that is, rocks across the
path or trail.
Pamedomcook or Pemidumcook Lake, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "shallow sandy place or bar extending across the
lake," or "shallow place between two lakes."
Pamet River, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "wading
place," or "at the shallow cove."
Pametoopauksett Swamp, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"cove in a little pond," "running water swamp," or "small
crosswise pond"[?]
Pamgockamock Lake, now Mud Pond, in Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, "extended shallow (and mucky?) still water."
Pampaskeshanke Brook, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy?
"double stream." Also Pampaskehauke.
Pamuet Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "going-over
place," or "ford."
Panahemsequet same as Penobscot, q. v.
Panamske probably in Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "ex-
tended rocks," or "sloping rocks."
164
Panatucket Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "(noisy) falls in
the river."
Panawansot Hill, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "the place of
spread-out, extended fog," i. e., Katahdin Mountain.
Panhanet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
creek, or inlet."
Panhomuk Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "strange un-
frequented place," or "out-of-the-way meadow;" also,
"out-of-the-way plain."
Pannaheconnok Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "extended
country" ? or "spread out lakes" ? The Twin Lakes near
Salisbury. Also spelled Paimahecannuck.
Pannawambskek Penobscot River above Old Town, Penobscot
County, Me. Abnaki, "where the channel opens out of the
rocks." Also given as Pannawanskek, Pannowauke, etc.
Pannaway salt marshes near tidal creeks, Rockingham County,
N. H. Abnaki, "where (rising tide) water spreads out."
Pannukog now Concord, Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook,
the "downhill place."
Panoket Island, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "far-off
place," "small thing away off," or "sloping place."
Panomescett Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
small fishing place."
Panootan New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "extended
village," or "distant out-of-the-way village."
Panoumke Old Town, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "opening
between rocks."
Pansacaco Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"crooked outlet," or "crooked current." See Pascachuto.
Pantacimset Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
round place."
Pantigo Hill, Windsor County, Vt. Abnaki, "rapids or falls in river."
Pantoocoog Falls, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "place of the
falls in the river."
Pantook Reservoir, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "falls in the
river."
Pantookaeg the falls at Lowell, Middlesex County, Mass. Same
as Pawtucket, q. v.
165
Pantoosuck Mountain, Hartford County, Conn. Wangtmk, "at
the falls in the brook." This may be an abbreviation of
Aimnonantacksuck, which includes a "lookout-place" root —
perhaps meaning "hill lookout-place near the brook with the
falls." See Mawnantuck.
Pantukket Falls, Essex County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the falls in
the river."
Panway Strafford Comiiy, N. H. Abnaki, "the rising tide spreads
out (here)."
Papanomscutt Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
(where we get) winterfish," that is, frostfish or tomcods
paponaumsuog. Also translated as "lookout place," and
"broken rocks." Variants, Popanomscut, Poppanomscut,
Poppanompscut, etc.
Papaquinapaug Pond and River, Providence County, R. I.
Narragansett, "shallow long pond," or "double long
pond" ?
Papasgush Washington County, R. I. ? Narragansett, from the
name of one of King Philip's counselors.
Papasquash Neck, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "broken
rocks" ? or "double hill" ? or "partridges" ? See Paupas-
quachuke.
Papoose Rock, New London County, Conn. Western Niantic?
"an infant." (But perhaps a corruption of Papasquanch,
"double hills" ?
Papootic York County, Me. See Poodik.
Pappacontucks quash River, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"cleft bank rocks," or "gorge."
Pappoose Ponds, Oxford County, Me. Narragansett, "my child."
Pappoose Squaw Island, see Poppasquash.
Papuduc and Papuding see Poodik.
Pa qua Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "open or clear"
pond.
Paquaback Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "clear or
shallow pond." Also Paquabuck.
Paquabaug Island, Litchfield County, Conn. Patigussett? "clear,
open pond" or "shallow pond." See Pauquapaug.
i66
Paquanaug Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "cleared lands."
Spelled also Paquanauke, Paquaanocke, Faquanick, Pak-
waunic, Paquanunke, Paquanage, Paquanauke.
Paquantuck River, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, ''clear,
open or shallow river." Also Poquannotuck, Poquantuc, etc.
Paquantuck Stream, Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck? ''clear
or shallow river."
Paquatanee Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "far from us," off the
beaten track, out of the way.
Paquatnach see Pachquadnach.
Paquattuk the Pawcatuck River, between Connecticut and
Rhode Island. Eastern Niantic, "the clear, shallow tidal
stream."
Paquinapaguoque Meadows, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "place of shallow (or clear) long pond." Given also
as Paquinapaquoge.
Paquoag Franklin County, Mass. Nipmuck, "an open or clear
place."
Paquonk quamaug Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
shallow fishing place."
Parmachenee Lake and Stream, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki,
"across the usual path," aslant, deviating from the most-
travelled route. But see Pomersimbeke.
Pasacomuck Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where it
(the trail?) turns or branches."
Pasakasock Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "place of division
or of branching."
Pasam-Aquada or Possam-Accada same as Passamaquoddy, q. v.
Pasaoumkeag same as Passadumkeag, q. v.
Pascachute Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"dividing place." Variant, Pascachuto.
Pascatiguage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place clear
of trees," or "open place near the stream."
Paschuchammuck Cove, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"divided fishing place," or perhaps "turning place."
Pascoag Village, Reservoir and River, Providence County, R. I.
Nipmuck, "the dividing place," two branches of the Black-
stone River. Also spelled Pascoage, Paskhoage, etc.
167
Pascodumoquonteag see Passamaquoddy.
Pascomanset Neck and River, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett,
"at the fork in the path''? or "meadow boundary"? (If
Passemansit, "miry meadow place.")
Pascomattas Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "muddy
place" ?
Pascommuck School, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where
it turns or branches," or "plantation where road forks."
Pascongamoc Holeb Pond, Moose River. See Pescongamoc.
Pasconuquis Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "muddy
cove."
Pascunas Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? "steep." ?
Pascunas was a landholder and witness to deeds.
Pasharanack an Ahnaki village, location uncertain; "near the
jutting-in bay."
Pashebesauke Middlesex County, Conn. Western Niantic, "near
the outlet or river mouth." Also Pashpeshank.
Pashesauke Middlesex County, Conn. Western Niantic, "split
outlet," the mouth of the Connecticut at Saybrook. See
also Passquishhunk.
Pashipscot Sheepscott, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "channels
split by rocks;" also Micmac, "where tide flows splitwise."
Pashqiiishhook see Pashesauke and Passquishiink.
Pasipuchammuck Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "divided
fishing place." See Paschuchaniinuck.
Paskeegh Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the branch of
the stream." See Paseoag.
Paskesickquopoh Pond, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck^
"pond that branches."
Paskhoage Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck? Narragansett?
"land at the branch." See Paseoag.
Paskhommuek Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "turning
place," or "dividing place," a boundary-mark.
Paskuisset Pond and Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "miry place."
Pasmocadie Washington County, Me. Same as Passamaquoddy.
i68
Pasocha Valley, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "miry
land," or mucky meadow?" or "bare hill" valley, a valley
with sparsely wooded sides? Also found as "boundary hill."
Pasomkasik Passumpsic River, Caledonia County, Vt. Ahnaki,
or Pennacook, "stream with the clear sandy bottom" See
also Pesammes.
Paspatanage Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the branch
in the stream." But see Paspatonage.
Paspatonage Brook and Neck, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "small inlet place," or "boundary at small inlet."
Pasqne Island, Dukes County, Mass. If Indian, perhaps Wampa-
noag, "split." Another spelling, Pasquenese, "little split." Per-
haps, "barren place" and "small barren place." See Penikese.
Pasqueset Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "at
the miry place," or "muddy place at the end."
Passaconaway River and Village, Carroll County, N. H. Penna-
cook, "papoose bear," or "bear cub," from papisse-conwa.
Named for a famous leader of that tribe, father of Wanna-
lancet, who was important in colonial history. He figures
prominently in Whittier's Bridal of Pennacook.
Passadumkeag River and Village, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"rapids over the gravel beds."
Passagas-sa-waukeag at head of Belfast Bay, Waldo County,
Me. Malecite, "place for spearing sturgeon by torch light."
Passaguanik shore of New Found Lake. Grafton County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "sandy bottom at the fork, landing place."
Passaiaco Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "muddy place."
Passamagamet Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki? Malecite?
"at the place of many fish."
Passamaquoddy Bay, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "place
of abundance of pollack."
Passanoke Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "muddy
land." Also Passanoquke.
Passaquatch Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
divided hill."
Passata quack same as Piscataqua?
Passatuthonsee River, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "muddy
shallow place," or "muddy ford."
169
Passawaukeag Lake, Waldo County, Me. Malecite, "place of the
sturgeon."
Passcogue see Pascoag.
Passenchaug Hill, Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? "steep
(bluffs) mountain."
Passenchaug Meadow, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "miry
land," or "mucky place."
Passeonkquis Cove and Pond, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"the miry place." Also Passconuquis, Paskonucquish, etc.
Passonagesit Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "where bluffs rise
up," ? or "slippery descent place," ? or "miry place" ?
Passpatonage Brook; see Paspatonage.
Passquessit south of New London County, Conn. Narragansett,
"at the place where the bluffs stand up."
Passquishunk Middlesex County, Conn. Western Niantic? "land
at the outlet," the mouth of the Connecticut River. Also
given as Pashquishhook, perhaps "muddy, split outlet" ?
Passuatuxet see Pawtuxet.
Passumpsic River and Village, Caledonia County, Vt. Ahnaki,
"flowing over clear sandy bottom." (Pesammes on Father
Aubery's map, 1715).
Passuntquanucke Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the end of the sandy place," ? or "slippery rock landing
place" ?
Paston the Modern Ahnaki pronounciation of Boston, Mass. (All
New Englanders are Pastonaki, similar to Colonial French
Baston and Bastonnais) .
Paswampisic Caledonia County, Vt. Ahnaki, "great clear place."
See Passumpsic.
Paswonquitte location uncertain, Kent County, R. L Narra-
gansett, "at the muddy bend."
Patackhouse see Potock, Potucko's and Quaiapen.
Patackosi Brook, Town Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, "narrow," or "short and narrow," also "round (rock
place)."
Patacomumscott Windham County, Conn. Nipmnck, "place of the
round rock." See Puttacawmaumshcuck.
170
Pataconk or Pattequonk Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "at
the round place," possibly Cedar Lake.
Pataconkset Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, ''at the round
place."
Pataguanset or Pattaquonset Lake, New London County, Conn.
East Niantic, "at the round, shallow place." Another spelling
Patagunset.
Patagumkis or Pattagumkus Stream, Penobscot County, Me.
Malecite, "sandy round cove" or "gravelly bend."
Patagumskocte Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
of the round rock."
Patant atonet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "windy
hill place" or "thunder hill place."
Patapso possibly Sagadahoc County, Me.Abnaki? "round rock." ?
Pataquasek or Pataquasak see Pattaquasset.
Pataquongamis Telosimis Lake, Piscataquis County,] Me. Ab-
naki, "little round lake."
Pataug Plain, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "a bog" ? or
"small trees."?
Pataweekongomoc Telos Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"lake near burned-over land."
Pataweektook Ragmuff Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"stream (running through) burned-over land." Variants,
Paytayweektook, P'tawektook, etc.
Patawomut River and Rocks, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "miry meadow place." But see Potowomut.
Patchogue River, Middlesex County, Conn. Western Niantic, "at
the place of turning."
Patcongomic Lake and Portage, Piscataquis County, Me.Abnaki,
"round lake," possibly the lake now called Telos ?
Pateook Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place at the falls."
Patequonque see Pattaconk.
Pat-higget Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag (modified by
English), possibly from Patusuc, "falls at the mouth," or
"falls in the brook." An ancient name for Plymouth, some-
times called Patuxet, q. v.
Patnisset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
hill."
171
Patopacassit Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "where
strait widens." Also given as "foamy place where narrows
open into a small pond."
Patowomuck see Potowomut.
Pattaconk Hill; see Pattaquonk.
Pattagawonset see Pattaquonset.
Pattagussis Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki? Malecite? "little
oxbow," or "little back turn." See Petagoubky.
Pattaquasset Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonassett, "at the
round place."
Pattaquattic Hill and Ponds, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"at the round place," or "at the round hill."
Pattaquodtuck Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "round hill
near the river." Spelled also Pattaquottuck.
Pattaquonk Hill, New London County, Conn. Western Niantic,
"round hill." Found also as Padaquonch and Padaquonk.
See Pataconk.
Pattaquonquomis Lake, Allagash River, Aroostook County, Me.
Ahnaki? Malecite? "long double lake?" or "long lake joined
to a round pond ?" or "long fishing place in the round lake." ?
Pattaquonset Pond, New London County, Conn. Western Niantic,
"at the small round place." This may have been a small
rock, or hill, or a sweat-lodge ; see Pissepunk.
Pattaquottuck see Pattaquodtuck.
Pattukett the Providence River. See Pawtucket.
Patty quonck Hill, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "round
place."
Patucket Falls, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
falls in the river."
Patuisset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the small
falls, or rapids" ?
Patuxet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at or near the
little falls."
Patuxett River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
little falls." Also Patuxit.
Patuxit see above.
Paucahak or Paukahak see Pocasset.
172
Paucamack Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "open
or clear pond," or "shallow pond."
Paucatuck Brook, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "shallow
river," or Natick, "falls in the river."
Paucatunnuc see Poquetanuck,
Pauchasset River; see Pocasset.
Pauchaug Brook and Meadow, Franklin County, Mass. Narra-
gansett, "at the turning place."
Pauchauog Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "where they
play games and dance," or "they are playing" ? but more
likely, "the turning place." See Pachaug.
Paucomptucke River, Franklin County, Mass. Pocumtuc, "narrow
swift river." This is the Pocumtuc, now the Deerfield River.
Paudowaumset New London County, Conn. Mohegan-Pequot,
"trading or barter place."
Paug Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog, "a pond." (This is a generic
name for "pond." Variants occur as poque, baug, etc.)
Paugachauge Newport County, R. L Narragansett? Wampanoag?
"at the clear, open place" ? or "pond near the hill" ? or "bare
hill" ?
Paugamaug Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"shallow or clear fishing place."
Pauganuck Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "cleared land."
Paugasset New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "where river
widens." See Paugussett.
Paugatuck River; see Pawcatuck.
Paugeamapauge Pond, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"divided pond" or "shallow fishing place at pond."
Paugunt New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place of the
ponds," ? or "cleared land." ?
Paugus Bay, Belknap County, N. H. Ahnaki, "small pond."
Paugus was an Indian killed at Fryeburg, Me., in 1725.
Paugus Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "small pond."
Paugussett Trail, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "a swift
current in the divided river," or "the river widens out where
the forks join"? also "place of the small pond." This was
a small tribe occupying parts of eastern Fairfield County and
New Haven County, Conn.
173
Paugwonk New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "pond at the
cleared place," or "crooked pond." Also Pogwonk.
Pauhunganuck Brook, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at
the place where millstones are quarried;" (or perhaps stone
mortars made ?) ; "within the bend;" also "little field brook;"
also "small enclosed field."
Paukatuck see Pawcatuck.
Paukopunnakuk Hill, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"where you turn aside from the narrowed path" ? or "refuge-
place" ? or "bear place"?
Paukunawawock Hill, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "bear's
place."
Paukyowohhog New London County, Conn. Nipmuck, possibly
"purifying place," a sweat-lodge? (See Pissepunk). Perhaps,
"cleared land." ?
Paumpagussit Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "God of the
Sea."
Paupakquamcook Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the double ponds," or possibly "quail country."
Paupasquachuke Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
double hill."
Paupasquachuke Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "double hill
place," papiske wadchu auke.
Paupasquachuke New London County, Conn. Nipmvick? "place
of the double hill."
Paupasquatch see Paupasquachuke, above.
Paupattokshick New London County, Conn. Mohegan- Pequot,
"round bare hills near the river."
Paupock (singular) Paupoksuog (plural) Poopoohquotog (plural)
This name or cognates appear in several places in Southern
New England. Its translation is "quail" or "quails."
Pauquanauge Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "land cleared
and prepared for planting." See Poquetanuck.
Pauquapaug Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "clear
water pond." Also, Pahquepaug, Pequabuck, Poquaback, etc.
Pauqununch Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett? "clear creek" ?
"divided creek" ? "long split rock reef" ? This seems to be a
remnant of a longer word.
174
Pausatuck Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "miry, or
mucky, river." (From pusseog, ''mud/')
Pautage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmiick, "a neck, where the
land juts out."
Pautapaug Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "the jutting
cove or pond." This name fits a pond nearby. Other spellings
Poattapogue, Potabauge, Potapogue.
Pautipaug Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "miry land."
Given also as Pootapaug, Pautiboag, etc.
Pautonk Hartford County, Conn. An alluvial island or bar at the
mouth of the Farmington River. Possibly from Mohican,
paudtau-ank, "he brings it hither;" that is, someone brings
his fishing equipment. PauUmk might refer to building up of
lowlands or deltas by alluvial soil. See also Podunk.
Pautuckquitt Fields, or Pautuckqut Field and River. See Paw-
tucket.
Pautuxet New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic? Narra-
gansett? "at the little falls." Also Pawtucksit.
Pauwaget Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "small
clear meadow." Other spellings Pawwawget, Pawamack,
Pawwanget and Pauwanganset.
Pawcatuck River and Village, New London County, Conn.
Eastern Niantic? PequotP "the clear divided tidal stream;"
or "open divided stream." Given sometimes as Pawcatucket,
Pawkeatucket, Paquatuck, Paucatuck, etc.
Pawchauquet Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic? "at the
dividing place;" more likely "at the boundary."
Pawcomet (now Beach Pond) Washington County, R. I. and
New London County, Conn. Narragansett? Eastern Niantic?
"at the small beach."
Pawconakik, Pawkeesett, Pawkunnawkutt; see Pokanoket.
Pawhikchatt River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the shallow branch," ? or "at the winding river." ?
Pawkamauket Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, possibly "at
the cleared land" {pokanoket, or pokonoket) , or "fort-place"
or "place of refuge." (Pawkamauket was the spelling used by
King Philip's secretary in 1670.)
Pawkhungernock see Puckhunkonnuck.
^75
Pawmechaug see Pomachaug.
Pawmet Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the sea
shore," or "at the swimming place."
Pawnook Lake, White Oak Pond, Penobscot County, Me.Abnaki,
"large opening," or "the opening." Also found as Ponoke.
Pawonbowk a cove in Lake Champlain, Thompson's Point,
Chittenden County, Vt. Ahnaki, "dish-shaped pond."
Pawpoesit Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "snipe (or
partridge) country," ? or "at the little swamp." ?
Pawquabunke Providence County, R. I. NarragansettP "shallow
pond."
Pawqutaboque see Pocotopaug.
Pawsacacow see Pascachute.
Pawtuckaway Mountains and Pond, Rockingham County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "falls in river" ? or "clear, open, shallow river" ?
Pawtucket City and Reservoir, Providence County, R. I., Wind-
ham County, Conn, and Bristol County, Mass.; Narragansett,
"at the falls in the tidal stream."
Pawtucket Falls, and Village, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick,
"at the falls in the river."
Pawtuckquachooge New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"at the hill near the river falls."
Pawtuxent Falls, Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic,
"at the small falls."
Pawtuxet Plymouth County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the little
falls." Others in Middlesex County, and Hampden County.
Pawtuxet City and River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the little falls." Also a cove of this name in Kent County.
Pawwating Village, Plymouth County, Mass. Chippewa, "at the
falls or rapids."
Paw Woh Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a
conjurer or medicine-man; a ceremonialist." See Pow wow.
Paynatuck see Pawcatuck.
Payquage see Poquiag.
Peacepunk see Pissepunk and Pesuponck.
Peagscomsuck Island, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"cleared lands."
176
Peagwompsh Windham County, Conn. Nipmiick? Mohegan?
"bare rocks."
Peamecha Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? possibly, "small
river near the hill;" or "land by the stream." See Sebethe.
Peantam (Bantam) Litchfield County, Conn. Natick, "he is
praying."
Peboamauk Falls, Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "wintry place,"
or "country of the winter."
Pecausset Pond, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "a small
clearing."
Pecheneganook Rapids, St. Francis River, Aroostook County,
Me. Micmac, "long portage because of rapids."
Pecowsic Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where the river
opens out." But some derive this from Indian names of
"red or gray fox." (Another spelling Peccawoosuck may be
translated "clear, open brook.")
Pedaugbiouk headwaters of Damariscotta River, Lincoln County,
Me. Ahnaki, "double cove" or "round bay."? One source
gives "place where spreading out waters turn about." See
Pedcoke gowake, below.
Pedcoke gowake Carry, Lincoln County, Me. Micmac, "reverse
bends," S-bends in the stream.
Pedee Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "pitch or gum,"
from a tree such as pine, spruce, wild cherry.
Peech-oonegonik Village, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite, "at
the long portage."
Peegwon Place, Middlesex County, Conn. Natick? "tear drop"
(lachrymal fluid) .
Pegan Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "bare." But perhaps an
abbreviation of a longer word such as Quamphegan?
Pegansic Hill, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "bare, un-
wooded place," or some say Eastern Niantic, "bear's abode,"
pegunapaw, but this is unlikely. See Pahegansuc.
Pegusset Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "where waters widen
out."
Pegu usset New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac? Pangusset?
See Paugussett. Found sometimes as Pequ usset.
Pegwacket or Pegwakik. See Pigwacket.
177
Pejipscot near Brunswick, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki,
"extended long rapids." Also Pejebscot, Pejepscot, Pegypscottj
Pejepschaeg, etc.
Pekdabowk possibly Shadow Lake, Orleans County, Vt. Abnaki,
"smoke pond."
Pekenut Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "bare place."
Pekketegw Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "branched river."
The Piscataqua river.
Pekontuk Otter Creek, Rutland and Addison Counties, Vt.
Abnaki, "crooked river" ? or "clear open stream" ?
Pemadinisikek Clifton-Dedham-Oldham Hills, Penobscot County,
Abnaki, "extended little mountains," or "range of small
hills."
Pemadnek Mount Desert Island, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"extended mountains," or "mountain range." See also
Pemetic.
Pemadumcook Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Malecite, "ex-
tended sand bar place."
Pemaquid Point and Village, Lincoln County, Me. Micmac,
"extended land," long peninsula running into the sea. Other
spelUngs include Pemaquida, Pemaquideag, Pemakwid, etc.
Pematagoet see Pentagoet.
Pematchuwatunch Mountain, Franklin County, Mass. Pocumtuck?
"twisted or winding ridge of mountains," ? or "village in
twisted mountain range," ? or "joined crossways." ?
Pemategu Mt. Desert Island, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
fern "extended," plus antegw "a wave;" translated as "long
rows of breakers."
Pematinek (Routes), Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "route (to)
the distant mountain range." See Matanawcook.
Pemenos Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "small path," or
"narrow trail."
Pemetic Hills, Mt. Desert Island, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"range of mountains." A more correct spelling is Pem-etnic.
Pemidjuanosick FaUs, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "place of
the extended falls, rapids or swift current."
Pemigewasset Mountain and River, Grafton County, N. H.
Abnaki, "swift extended current," or "successive rapids."
178
Pemigewasset Pond, Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, "extensive
rapids."
Pemjeedgewock Falls, Treat's Falls, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "extended, rapidly descending current/'
Pemmaquan River, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "long ridge
covered with maple trees."
Pemmaquan Lake and Stream, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"slope or ridge covered with maple trees."
Pemmoquittaquomut Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook, "at the
place of two ponds joined by a straight stream or ditch."
Pemskudek see M'skutook.
Pemsquamkutook Birch Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"hardwoods near river." Sometimes translated "birch
river."
Pemtaquamcook the Penobscot River. See Pemtegwatook.
Pemtaquiauktook mouth of the Pembroke River, Washington
County, Me. Malecite, "extended waters joined" or "extension
of stream into larger body." Sometimes found as Boamtuquet,
"broad stream place."
Pemtegwatook the main stream of the Penobscot River, below
Bangor, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "extended de-
scending river current."
Pemunneaht Fairfield County, Conn. Paugusset, "a string or
cord," especially a fish line. Variants, Pemenante and Pern
munneaht-om, "line for fishing."
Penacook Village, Merrimack County, N. H., and River, Worcester
County, Mass. Pennacook, "downhill," or "at the foothills."
Penagou so named on Aubery 's 1715 map ; probably in Merrimack
County, N. H. Pennacook, modified by French, "sloping
land," or "foothills."
Penapsquacook Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, ''steep rocky
banks."
Penecoog Ridge, Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "foot-
hills" or "sloping land." The Pawtuckaway Range.
Penetahpoh Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "crooked
wading place," or "crooked pond." Also suggested, "whales
here," but unlikely.
Penhongansett see Ponaganset.
12* 179
Penikese Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, meaning
now lost. Perhaps ''small waves thunder down," or "small,
sloping land." It may refer to Chief Penakeson, related to
one of Metacom's chieftains. Also Pasquenese.
Penjejawock Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "current
falling down raggedly." See Pemjeedgewock; also Bemidjwok.
Penkese Island, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
shallow place" ? May refer to Penakeson; see Penikese, above.
Pennacook Lake, Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "at the
foothills" or "sloping down place." Pennacook Indians occu-
pied upper Connecticut Valley, south-central New Hampshire,
northeastern Massachusetts and southern York County, Maine,
in early times. After the King Philips War ended in 1676, they
migrated north to Canada, New Hampshire and Maine.
Pennamaquan River, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "extensive
area covered by maple trees."
Pennechuck York County (?), Me. Abnaki, "slope of mountain" ?
or "bottom of the mountain" ? or "at the rapids." ?
Pennecook Falls, Rumford Falls, Oxford County, Me. Pennacook,
"at the foot hills" or "down hill," or "at the bottom of the
hill." Variants, Pennecoo, Penacuk, Pennycook, etc.
Pennessewassee Lake, Oxford County, Me. Natick, "a strange,
shining-then-fading light . ' *
Pennichuck Brook, Hillsboro County, N. H., andMerrimack County,
N. H. Pennacook, "at the rapids."
Penobscot County, River, Lake in Penobscot County; Village in
Hancock County; Pond and River in Piscataquis County,
Me. Malecite? Abnaki? "at the descending rocks" or "at the
extended ledges." The Penobscot Indians, closely related to
the Abnaki, live chiefly at Old Town, Maine, and the adjacent
Penobscot Valley.
Penobscot Middlesex County, Mass. Pennacook? "place of sloping
ledges." Variant, Penobsceag.
Penobseese Stream, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "little Penob-
scot."
Penobskeag see Penobscot.
Penobsquisumquisebou the Sandy River, Kennebec County, Me.
Abnaki, "sloping rocks (fragments?) river."
180
Penoomskeeook the Penobscot River. Abnaki, "place of rocky
falls."
Penopeauke the Penobscot River. Abnaki, ''place of sloping
rocks."
Penopsquacook Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, ''steep, rocky place."
Pentagoet former name of Castine and vicinity, Hancock County,
Me. Abnaki, modified by French, "at the falls."
Pentucket Lake, Pond and River, Essex County, Mass. Natick,
"at the twisting river."
Peormug seeboog New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "fish
in the brook." An old name for Poquetanack Cove.
Pepemightughk on the boundary between New York and Connec-
ticut, (Fairfield County). Delaware? MahicanP "selected
tree," possibly a surveyor's mark.
Pequabuck River, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "clear,
open pond." Also a village in Litchfield County, Conn.
Pequag or Pequiog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "cleared
or cultivated land."
Pequatit New London County, Conn. Narragansett, "at the
Pequot's place."
Pequawket Pond, Carroll County, N. H. Abnaki, "broken land."
Pequawkett Jockey Cap Mountain, Oxford County, Me. Malecite,
"punched-up-through place."
Pequid Brook, Norfolk County, Mass., Pequot? or Natick, "water-
place" ? or "cleared, plowed land." ?
Pequimmet Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the shallow
place," or "place of open springs."
Pequiog Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "cleared land."
Pequod Middlesex County, Mass. Pequot, "destroyers of men."
Pequonnock Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "a small plan-
tation" near Bridgeport. Some sources say the correct
form is Paquanan auke, from Narragansett "battlefield," or
"slaughter place." Variant, Pequannuc.
Pequot an important Connecticut tribe who were almost^anni-
hilated during the Pequot War of 1637. Their name means
"the destroyers," and has been applied to a large number
of sites and places in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Mas-
sachusetts. It is also found as Pequod.
181
Pequot Tract, Franklin County, Mass. Pequot-Mohegan, "de-
stroyers."
Pequotauk New London County, Conn. Mohegan? Narragansett?
"territory of the Pequots," part of New London County.
Pequot sepos New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "little river
of the Pequots." The Mystic River ?
Pequt a term used to distinguish between the Narragansetts of
Rhode Island and the Connecticut Pequot Indians. "De-
stroyers."
Pequt toog "The Pequots," a name given by Roger Williams.
Perquanapaqua Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "clear long
pond," or "clear still water."
Pesammes now the Passumpsic River, Caledonia County, Vt.
Abnaki, "clear, sandy bottom."
Pesaumkamesquesit Pond, now Blackmore Pond, in Providence
County, R. I. Narragansett, "very small plain or meadow, at
its end."
Pescedona now the Androscoggin River, Cumberland County,
Me. This ancient name is Abnaki, and probably means "a
branch."
Peschameeset Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, some-
thing to do with small fish; perhaps, "where we catch and
split small fish"? Also, "blue place"? Variant, Peshamesset.
Pescongamoc Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "branched
pond."
Peskadamioukkanti the St. Croix River, the boundary between
Washington County, Me., and New Brunswick. Malecite,
"plenty of pollack." See Passamaquoddy.
Peskebegat Lobster Lake, Picataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"split lake."
Peskebskitegwek Soper Brook, Eagle Lake, Aroostook County,
Me. Abnaki, "branch of the deadwater stream,"
Peskedopikek Alder Brook, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"branch at the place of alder bushes."
Peskeompscut Franklin County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the split
rocks."
Pesketuk the Piscataquis River, York County, Me. Abnaki,
"the split river," or "river fork."
182
Peskutum-akadi Passamaquoddy Bay, Washington County, Me.
Micmac, "place of the pollack."
Pespataug Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"the land at the bursting-out place," or "at the small inlet."
Pespataug New London County, Conn. Narragansett, "where the
stream flows out," possibly the mouth of the Pawcatuck
River, or that of the Mystic River, the eastern boundary of
the Pequot country.
Pesquamscot River and Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "at the cleft rock," or "split boulder place."
Pessakenew Agenek West Quoddy Light, Washington County,
Me. Abnaki, "at the lighthouse." Also Pessaken-i-higanek,
"at the lighting apparatus."
Pessicus from the name of a Narragansett chief who was killed
fighting Mohawk invaders in Maine. Malecite, "sturgeon."
(In Natick, the word psukses means "little bird.") Also,
Pessacus; see Passagas sa waukeag; Moosup.
Pesuckapaug location probably in Middlesex County, Conn. ?
Wangunk, "mucky or miry pond." See Pishatipaug.
Pesuponck Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "a hot house."
Roger Williams tells of such sweathouses where the men
went "first to cleanse their skin, secondly to purge their
bodies. ... I have seen them run (summer and winter) into
brooks to cool them without the least hurt." Several such
place names are found throughout Connectitut, Rhode Is-
land and elsewhere in New England.
Pesut amesset an old camp ground at Brewer, Penobscot County,
Me. Abnaki, "seen only when near it."
Petagoubky now the lower reaches of the Missisquoi River, Frank-
lin County, Vt. Old Abnaki, "river full of (unexpected)
bends and eddies," that is, back turns or oxbows.
Petapauket Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "swampy place."
Petapawag River, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "boggy place
where our feet sink in."
Petaquapen Fairfield County, Conn. A Paugussett chief? See
Petuckquapaug.
Petch-kajisk Washington County, Me. Malecite? Abnaki? "sharp
bend," or "sharp bend at ledge." ?
183
Petcongomac Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, ''crooked pond*' or
"lake that turns."
Petcumcasick Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "round bend
with a gravelly bottom." Also Betcumcasick.
Peteconset Meadow, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"small plantation." Variant Petequonset.
Petegwamgamek Round Pond, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki,
"round lake."
Petekamkes Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "the gravelly bend."
(The old form of Patagumkis.)
Petekesisk Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "at the little oxbow
turns."
Petekwangamessis probably Telosinis Pond, Piscataquis County,
Me. Abnaki, "little back turns."
Petit Manan Point, Washington County, Me. French and Abnaki,
small "island."
Petonbowk now Lake Champlain. Abnaki, "waters that lie
between" the Green Mountains and the Adirondacks.
(A Micmac term petoobook means "a long dish of (salt)
water.")
Petowamacha Hills, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmtick, "jutting-
(up) mountains," or "bulging mountains."
Petow Bowk Lake Champlain. Abnaki, "lake that lies between"
New York and Vermont.
Petow Pargow now Lake Champlain. Mahican, "double pond,"
or "two great ponds joined;" or Nipmuck, "two bulges"[?]
Petowtucke River, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac,
"country around the falls."
Petowwag Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "bulging place."
One authority gives "land from whence water flows to us."
See Petowamacha.
Pettaconsett Kent County, R. L Narragansett, "at the small
enclosure, or plantation"? or "place of the round rocks"?
Pettaquamseutt Cove, River and Rock. Washington County,
R. I. Narragansett, "at the round rock." Also Pettiquamscut,
Pettycomscok, etc.
Pettopaugsett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
the small round pond."
184
Pettukaway Mountains, Rockingham County, N. H. Pennacook,
"round" ? But see Pawtuckaway.
Petuckquapaug Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "round pond."
Also given as Betuckquapock and Petuquapen.
Petukunok River, the Chester River, Middlesex County, Conn.
Hammonassett, "round rock place."
Pewagon West Branch of the Pemmaquan River, Washington
County, Me. Malecite, "small portage."
Pewampskine Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Wampanoag?
Natick? "little blond girl" or "small whitish child," from the
name of a female chief or Sunksqua. Possibly a white captive
adopted into the tribe ? A man named Powampskin deeded
land here in 1673.
Pewonganuck River, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
place of whetstones," or "place of small long stones." Also
"country of small bends or turns."
Piamikin Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "where the path
is narrow."
Pichet Mountain, Aroostook County, Me. If Indian, perhaps
Abnaki, "split."?
Pico Peak, Rutland County, Vt. Abnaki, "the pass or opening."
Or perhaps from Spanish term pico, "peak." Pico overshadows
Sherburne Pass in the Green Mountains.
Picosick Hampden County, Mass. Nipmiick, "river opens out"?
or "red fox." ? See Pecowsic.
Piggscut River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "at the branch."
Pigscomsuck Island, New London and Windham Counties, Conn.
Mohegan, "clear land." Found also as Paukyowohhog and
Pesquamscot, "where stream divides into two currents."
See also Pacomsuck.
Pigsgussett Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "where stream
widens." See Pegusset.
Pigwacket now Fryeburg, Oxford County, Me. Malecite? "land
naturally clear or open;" also given as "broken, punched-up
land." See Pequawket.
Pigwaduk gamok Pushaw Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Pen-
obscot- Abnaki, "bent stream lake." Variants, Pigwatook and
Bigwadook.
185
Pikaghenahik Crooked Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"curved or crooked island."
Pimsepoese River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "creek
which supplies food." Also given as "crooked creek," or "ex-
tended little river," etc.
Piscasset the Lamper Eel Stream in Rockingham County, N. H.
Abnaki, "at the branch" (of the river).
Piscatacook Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican, "at the river
branch." Variants, Scatacook, Schachtigoke, etc.
Piscataqua Point, York County, Me. ; the River is the boundary
between Strafford County, N. H., and York County, Me.
Pennacook, "the place where the river divides." Also Piscatua.
Piscataquis County, Me., and Stream in Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "at the river branch," or "at the little divided
stream."
Piscataquis awangen Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "a route
via the forked (Piscataquis) river."
Piscataquog River, Hillsboro County, N. H. Abnaki, "where the
river divides."
Pisgah many locations by this name are found in New England;
most refer to mountains. If Abnaki, the meaning is, "dark;"
if Mahican, "muddy." However, the nearby presence in
Vermont of Mount Hor suggests Old Testament Hebrew, "a
mountain." {see Numbers 20:22 and 21:20).
Pisgatoek River, Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki, "at the place
of the river branch."
Pishatipaug Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "muddy or
miry pond."
Pishgachtigok Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "where the
stream branches."
Piskaquoag River, Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "place
of the branch or tributary."
Pispogutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the miry
pond."
Pisquasent Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "muddy
rocks place," or "slippery rocks place."
Pisqueheege Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "at the river
branch."
186
Pissak Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "swampy place."
Pissapogue Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "a hothouse,"
a ceremonial hot air or steam bath place. Probably this gives
the name to Hothouse Pond,
Pissatapaug see Pishatipaug.
Pissepunk "Ceremonial Hothouses," Hartford, Middlesex, and
New London Counties, Conn. Narragansett, pesuponck, an
especially tight hut or cave where men built hot fires and
took ceremonial sweat-baths. (From pesuppau-og, "they are
sweating.")
Pissepunk Hill, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "a sweat-
lodge." See Pesuponck.
Pissoups Windham County, Conn. ? Nipmuck, "mucky place." ?
Pistapaug Mountain and Pond, New Haven County, Conn.
Quinnipiac, "muddy pond." Also Pistepaugh.
Pitawi teguk the Stillwater Branch, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "at the roundabout river" or "meandering river;"
(locally, "the back way.")
Pitchawamache Swamp, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at
the place of low, miry land." Also, Pitchawam.
Pitchgussett Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "muddy or slippery
ledge place."
Pitchoohutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "muddy pool."
Pitow baygook Long Island, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "be-
tween two channels;" also given as Pitau-begwi-menahanuk,
"the island between two channels."
Piwan gamosis Field's Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"little round pond."
Plausawa Mountain, Merrimack County, N. H. Named for an
Abnaki warrior; meaning obscure, but possibly "wild pigeon"
or "short yell." He was killed near here in 1753.
Poakyowohog Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "land cleared
and prepared for planting." See Paukyowohog.
Poataskehung Brook, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "green
cleared land," or "green pasture" ?
Poattapoge see Pauquapaug.
Pocahantas Road, Fairfield County, Conn. Pocahontas (1595-1617)
was the daughter of Powhatan, an important Virginia chief;
187
her real name was Matoaka. Pocahontas is translated as
"she is playful/' although Strachey gives "a sharp pointed
instrument, such as an awl."
Pocamsus Lake Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "little shallow"
or "little clear."
Pocapawmet Plymouth County, Mass. Natick, "at the shallow
swimming (or wading) place," or "at the cleared trail." Also
given as "at the stopped-up inlet or cove."
Pocasset several Rivers, Lakes and Streams in New England. All
are Natick and cognate tongues, meaning, "where the stream
widens." Other spellings, Pochasset, Pohkasset, etc.
Pochassic Hills, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmiick, "at the
narrow outlet."
Pochasuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmiick, "narrow outlet,"
or "narrow brook."
Pochaug River, Middlesex County, Conn. Western Niantic,
"where they divide." Also Patchogue, Pooachoage, Pochawg,
etc.
Pochet Island and Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wamfanoag,
"at the narrow place." Or possibly "at the turning place."
See Pachet.
Pochick Bluff and Rip, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"divided reef," or "bulging-out place." Also given as "turn-
aside place."
Pochoboquett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small
pond opens up," or "opening of small pond." Also translated
as "boundary pond place."
Pochoke location unknown. Natick? "turning place."
Pochuppunnukaak Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
divided path." See Paukopunnakuk.
Pockapockhunk Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "creek be-
tween two hills" ?
Pocketapaces Neck, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "divided
cove, on tidal river."
Pockhanoket Pokanoket, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett,
"wood or land at the other side of the water" ?
Pockquamscutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
the split rock."
i88
Pocksha Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "where he
turns aside."
Pockwasook Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "low water," or
"shallow water."
Pockwockamus Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "little
muddy pond."
Pocomo Head, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "round
iishing place," or "clear fishing place."?
Pocopassum an ancient Abnaki village, possibly in Cumberland
County, Me. Abnaki, "cleared land" ? or "small round cove" ?
Pocopawmet Barnstable County, Mass. ? or Plymouth County,
Mass.? Wamfanoag? NatickP "at the closed cove," or "at
the plugged-up inlet."
Pocomtakuke probably in the Deerfield Valley, Franklin County,
Mass. ? A variant of Pocomtuck, "narrow, swift river" or
"clear, open stream" ?
Pocotopaug Creek and Lake, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk,
"divided pond," or "two ponds." Also Pagetupaug, Poca-
topaug, Paw qut a bo que, Poacatoobuck, etc.
Pocowset Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "stream widens
here."
Pocoy Shore, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "open."
Pocumpcus Lake, Washington County, Me. Micmac, "at the
gravelly place."
Pocumtuck Mountain, River, and Valley, Franklin County,
Mass. Also, the Deerfield Valley, Windham County, Vt.,
Pocumtuck, "narrow swift river," or possibly "clear, open
stream." These Indians occupied the Deerfield and Connecticut
Valleys in Vermont and Massachusetts. Mohawk warriors
destroyed their Deerfield, Mass., fort in 1666.
Podpis Harbor, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "divided
harbor," or possibly "bay place."
Podunk Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck, "where you sink in
mire," a boggy place. Podunk, or Pautunke, is the name of a
tribe or sachemdom and the territory they inhabited. Their
lands are marked Nowaas on maps of the early i6oo's.
Podunk Pond and Village, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "at
the place where the foot sinks," or "at the miry place."
189
Poekquamscutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
place of broken rocks," or "split rocks."
Pogamqua River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "shallow,
sandy."
Pogatanack Brook; see Poquetanuck.
Poggaticut Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "at the
clear tidal creek." There was a chief so named.
Poggatossur Brook, Hartford County, Conn. Agawam, "clear
pool." But see Pogotossuc.
Pogopskekok Stream, Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "a shallow
gravelly place."
Pogotossuc Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the small
hollow," or "outlet of the small hollow." Also translated
as "steep falls brook."
Poguassek Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "moonlight," or "moonlit
place." See also Pok-o -moonshine.
Pogue Windsor County, Vt. If Indian, this may be a word taken
from pog or paug, meaning "pond" in several dialects. See
Capawack.
Pogumkik the Ogunquit River, in York County, Me. Micmac,
"lagoon formed by sand dunes."
Pogwonk see Paugwonk.
Pohenagamook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki? "spread-
out lake." ?
Pohgassek Franklin County, Mass. Pennacook? Pocumtuck?
"place of the small pond." But see Poguassek.
Pohio New London County, Conn. Western Niantic, "cleared
land." See Poquiogh.
Pohoganse Pond, Washington County, Me. Abnaki? Malecite?
"shallow, sandy pond." ?
Pohoganut Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the place of
the pipe."
Pohomoosh Stream, Washington County, Me. Micmac? "shallow
creek." ?
Pohquantuck River; see Paquantuck.
Pohqui Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "open, clear,
shallow."
190
Pohtaiyomsek New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the
place of the prominent (projecting) rock," the southwest
boundary of Mohegan territory.
Pohtatuck New Haven County, Conn. Paugussett, "land near the
falls/'
Pojac Point, Washington County, R. I. See Potock.
Pojassick Franklin County, Mass. Pociimtuck, "narrow brook,'*
or "narrow outlet."
Pokahganeh Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "white perch."
Pokamquoh Neck, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"narrow place."
Pokanoket Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''ait the cleared
land," or "fort," or "refuge." This was a favorite haunt of
King Philip.
Pokanoket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at or near
the cleared lands." Also Pokanokik.
Poke -o -moonshine Lake, Washington County, Me. Probably an
English corruption of pok-wajan-i-tagook, Ahnaki, "stumps
in the brook." But note the Micmac term pocomoosh, "(salt)
water extending inwards."
Pokey Lake, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "clear, shallow,
open." Another name, Gawaysik.
Pok-o -moonshine Brook, Strafford County, N. H. Possibly mixed
Ahnaki and English, "pond clear as moonlight." See Poke-o-
moonshine.
Pokonoket see Pokanoket and Pawkamauket.
Pokumkesawangamoksis Harrington Lake, Piscataquis County,
Me. Ahnaki, "shallow sandy pond on a canoe route."
Pokutcheco Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
harbor," or "enclosed place."
Poland Androscoggin County, Me. Possibly named after Polan,
chief of the Sokoki, killed in 1756.
Polpis Harbor, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "branching
harbor, or cove." ?
Polyganset see Apponagansett and Ponaganset.
Pomachaug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "across the
path," or "over the hill." ? Variants Pamechage, Pomechoag,
Punmiechog, etc.
191
Pomacuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "narrow path*'
or possibly "place of the grant," or "land of tribute." Also
Pomoacooke and Pomatuck.
Pomagusset Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the stream
which is crossways of the path or trail," or possibly "at the
dancing place."
Pomamgansett Pond, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
small bend" ? or "athwart the path" ? or "place of tribute" ?
Pomauknet Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "he gets there by
water," or "country reached by water travel."
Pomecanset an ancient Indian village near Pawtuxet Falls. See
Pomamgansett.
Pomecansett Neck, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "athwart
the path"? or "at the small bend"? or "at the place of
tribute." ? Also Pumgansett.
Pomegobset Hammond Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"slanting ledges."
Pomersimbeke now Parmacheene Lake, q. v. Oxford County,
Me. Old Ahnaki, perhaps "(extended) little crosswise pond,"
the headwaters of the Androscoggin River. This name is so
indicated on Aubery's 1715 map.
Pometacomet Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "chief's house,"
one of the titles of Metacom, or King Philip.
Pomham Rock and Shore, Providence County, R. L Narra-
gansett, possibly "he travels by sea." Pomham was a Narra-
gansett sachem, killed in 1676.
Pomkeag Stream, now La Pomkeag, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "the place of rocks."
Pomkikin Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "shallow place,"
or "fording place." Also Pommakin.
Pompauoosuc see Ompompanoosuc.
Pompanuck Creek, Bennington County, Vt. Wangimk? "place for
playing games" ?
Pompashpissett Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, the same
place as Pispogutt, q. v., but the translation may be "rock or
boulder at the miry place."
Pomperaug River, New Haven County, and Trail, Fairfield County,
Conn. Paugiissett, from the name of the sachem of Woodbury,
192
Conn., around 1725; meaning obscure, but possibly, "place
to walk, or to play," or "rocky place/' ? Variants, Pomperage,
Pomperague, Pompawraug, etc.
Pompositicut Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the clear
river," or possibly "cliff at or near tidal stream."
Pompwanganug Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "where
the trail turns or bends." Also Pomponagaug.
Ponaganset Pond and River, Providence County, R. I, and town
in Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "oyster processing
place," or "waiting place at the cove" ?
Poncammooncoe Neck, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"open or clear fishing place." See Packamohquah.
Pondock River, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the falls."
Ponemah Village, Hillsboro County, and Cemetery, Middlesex
County, N. H. Chippewa, "the blessed hereafter," or "the
sweet bye-and-bye."
Pongokwahemook Eagle Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"place of the woodpeckers."
Pongokwayhaymock Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "wood-
pecker lake," from pogakmokqueh, "pounding on wood."
Pongonquamook Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "muddy
lake," source of the Allagash River.
Poniken Village, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck? "put down
your burden" (at end of portage?). But if Quassaponiken,
perhaps "edge of bank" or "for ding-place."
Ponikin Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "put down
your burden." Spelled also Ponnakin.
Ponkapog Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "clear, open pond, "or
"shallow pond." Also Punkapog and Punkapoag.
Ponsamsick Mountain, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "the
place of fallen rocks."
Ponscachuto Pond; see Pansacaco and Pascachute.
Ponset Hampden County, Mass., and Middlesex County, Conn.
Western Niantic, "at the falls."
Pontiac Highway, Kent County, R. L Ottawa, "the falls in the
river;" the name of the famous Ottawa chief, circa 1765.
Pontoocook Cove, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "near the falls in
the river."
13 193
Pontoosuc several sites in Mass., all Mahican or Nipmuck, "falls
on the brook."
Pontoosuc Hartford County, Conn. Wangtmk, "falls on the brook,"
at Glastonbury. Also Poontook suck.
Pontpetsicke Suffolk County, Mass. Wampanoag "falls in small
brook."
Pontugwotchaug New London County, Conn. ? Mohegan, "place
of the falls in the river, near the mountain."
Ponus Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy? Possibly from ponam
mohsketu ussenat, "he applies herbs as part of his work."
Hence, "medicine-man" or Pow Wow. Ponus was a sagamore of
Stamford, 1641. But another source says Pon-ees, "little falls."
Poo Cutahunk Anow see Cuttyhunk.
Poodatuck Franklin County, Mass. Mahican, "land near the falls."
Poodhumsk New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "projecting
rocks," or "reefs sticking out of water." Also Poodhumseck.
See Paudowaumset and Pohtaiyomsek.
Poodik now Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland County, Me. Malecite,
"sticking out into the water," a prominent rock formation.
Also Porpooduck, Purpoodik.
Poohookapaug Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "cats'
pond." But if (Pookhookapaug, "pond where we smoked
tobacco.")
Poohpoohsaug location unknown; possibly from Natick, "cats," or
"wild cats."
Poohunck New London County, Conn? Mohegan, "wildcat
place," ? or "miry place" ?
Pooksha Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, possibly
"it smokes," or, "it is misty."
Poonlcosuc see Pontoosuc.
Poosumsuck River, Windsor County, Vt. Abnaki, "mushy, quaky,
boggy outlet." (It has been suggested that this name is a
modified form of a Virginia dialect word aposom, but "the
opossum" is rare this far north.)
Pootapaug see Pautipaug.
Pootatuck River and State Forest, Fairfield County, Conn.
Paugussettl "falls in river," or "county around the falls."
Also Potatuc, perhaps "miry stream."
194
Pootatugock Providence County? R.I. Narragansett? "at the
place of the cove in the river," or possibly ''at the shallow
cove in the river."
Pootowoomet Neck; see Potowomut.
Popanompscut Bristol County, R. I. Wampanoag, "lookout hill,
place." But possibly "winter-fish (frost fish) place" ? or "place
of the double boulder." ? See Papanomscutt.
Popasquash Island, Franklin County, Vt. Natick, "partridges" ?
or Narragansett, "double thing," or "double island," or
"double hill."
Popokomuk wodchussu Whetstone Falls, Penobscot County,
Me. Ahnaki, "near the mountain with many cranberries."
Popo quash Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Pequot, "quail."
Popossego quohock egge Brook, Essex County, Mass. No satis-
factory translation available; perhaps Natick, "place where
quahog clams abound"[?] Also Popossesgos quock egg.
Poppanompscut same as Papanomscutt, q. v.
Poppaquinnapog see Papaquinapaug.
Poppasquash Island, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "part-
ridges," or "broken rocks"?
Popponesset Bay and Beach, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, "at the place of the frost fish or tomcod;" or, "place of
the obstructed inlet," or, "lookout place."
Poppotonuck Mountain, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "at
the double mountain."
Popsquatchet Hills, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"rocky hills," or "double hill"?
Popumossett Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "place where they
go to and fro," or "the trail."
Poquaback see Pauquapaug.
Poquahaug Island, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "the
round clam," Venus mercenaria, the quahog clam, also called
co-hog, or pookaw. These shells were used to make wampum
beads.
Poquanatuck Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "shallow
river," or "stream."
Poquannatuck River, New London County, Conn. ? Nipmuck?
Pequot? "shallow river" ? or "the plain near the river" ?
13* 195
Poquannoc and variants, Paquanaug, Paquanick, Pequonnock,
Poqonnock, etc. In several dialects, "cleared lands."
Poquanticut School, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
clear or shallow stream."
Poquatocke see Pawtucket.
Poquaug see Paquoag.
Poquechanneeg New London County, Conn. Mohegan? "creek
between two hills," or "valley between the hills" ?
Poquetanuck Village, New London, Conn. Mohegan, "land
broken up as plowed for crops." (Local persons say "broken,
as cracks in mud during dry spells or low water.")
Poquiag Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "cleared land."
Poquian see Uncas.
Poquiant Brook, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic?
This seems to be part of Poquiantep, "bald head," but
possibly this is just "clear place," or "cleared land." Another
possibility is Poquian, "defender."
Poquiogh New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "open
land," or "open meadows, cleared for planting."
Poquiunk Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "clear
or shallow stream." Variants, Poquiant, Poquinunk, and
Poquyent.
Poquomock Neck, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "open
country." See Packamohquah.
Poquonock there are several places bearing this name in Connecti-
cut, deriving from cognate Algonquian roots; all mean,
"cleared land (for cultivation)."
Porchcommock Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"divided enclosure."
Porpooduck see Poodik.
Posneganset see Punhanganset.
Posseps Cangamock Cathance Lake, Washington County, Me.
Ahnaki, "pebble bottom lake."
Postatugock see Pootatugock.
Potabaug see Pautapaug.
Potagansett Pond, Middlesex County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the
jutting rock," or "at the reef." Also Potaguansett.
196
Potanamaqut Harbor and Village, Barnstable County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "foaming island place," etc. See Potenumacut.
Potapaug see Pautapaug.
Potateuk New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "land near the
falls."
Potatuck New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "land near the
falls." Also Powtatuck.
Potaywadjo Ridge, Piscataquis County, Me. AbnakiP See Poto-
wadjo, "wind blows over mountain."
Potcomet Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the muddy
beach." Also spelled Pottacohannet, "at the long miry beach."
(If Pottacomet or Pettacomet, "round (or curved) beach place.")
One informant says "round house."
Potebaug see Potepaug.
Potenumacut Harbor, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"foaming island place," or "jutting out dry land place."
Potepaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "miry pond," or
"damp, marshy land."
Potobek Lilly Bay, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "bulge in
the lake," or "cove in the lake."
Potock Point and Rock, Bristol County, R. I. Potock was a
Narragansett counselor of Queen Quaiapen, before 1675.
Potonapa Pond, Hillsboro County, N. H. Old Abnaki, "cove in
the pond."
Potoowoomuck Neck and River, Kent County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "muddy country," or "where rushes grow" and
possibly "trading place" ?
Potowadjo Hill, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "wind blows
over the mountain." The Abnaki word for "whale" is podebe,
"the blower." Thus the mountain is sometimes called Whale
Mountain. See Potaywadjo.
Potowhommet Franklin County, Mass. Pennacook? "damp' field
place."
Potowomuck Neck and River, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the place where miry land sinks." (Some give also "where
rushes grow.")
Potowomut Village, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "low
meadow land." (Another set of roots gives "where there is a
197
going-to-bring-again," that is, "a trading-place" or "mart."
These two latter may be descriptions of activities at the
place rather than translations of the name.)
Potowomut Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "boggy damp
field." Potowoomuck, Pootowoomuck, Potowomut, etc.
Potowoome see Potowomut, above.
Potquient see Poquiunk.
Pottacohamiet Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "curved
long fishing promontory" ? See Potcomet.
Pottanumacutt Harbor and Road, Barnstable County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "at the whale fishing place." Also given as
Portanimicut, or Portnameqout, "at the place of the foaming,"
probably ocean breakers.
Pottapaug Hill and Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"marshy, damp bog," or possibly "a bulging cove or pond."
Also Pottapogue, Pottapoug, etc.
Potuckco's Ring, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "round" ?
This name may have come from that of Patackhouse, a
suncksqua or "queen," the sister of Chief Nassahegon.
Potumska Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "round rock," or
"jutting reef."
Poucha Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "it opens out,"
or perhaps "small hill."
Poughkeeste now Buzzard's Bay, between Barnstable and Dukes
Counties to eastward, with Plymouth and Bristol Counties,
Mass., to westward. Wampanoag, "bay with coves," or
perhaps same as Pocasset[?].
Powachaug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "mountain
near falls," or "steep mountain."
Powaget Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett? Eastern
Niantic? "small clear meadow."
Powahag Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "customarily he
dips and immerses himself there."
Powakasik Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the widening
out place."
Powaw River, Rockingham County, N. H. See Pow wow.
Powisset Norwalk County, Mass. Natick, "at the small, low field" ?
Powntuck Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "river-falls."
198
Powntucket see Pawtucket.
Powntuxet see Pautuxet.
Pow Wow River and Pond, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki,
Natick, and other New England Algonquian Indians had
simiHar words, freely translated as "sorcerer" or ''medicine
man."
Powwow Hill and River, Essex County, Mass. See Pow Wow.
(If NcUick, perhaps ''small plain place.")
Poxon same as Foxon.
Poyasuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "small brook".
Pquakis Pond, Oxford County, Me. Old Abnaki, a diminutive
form of Pequawket, "little humped-up." ?
Presumpscot River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "ledges in
channel." Variant Presumskeag.
Prosewamenos Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, from name of
the sachem Prosewamenos, who deeded land in 1640.
P'sahn Bar Harbor, Hancock County, Me. Malecite, "clam bake
place."
Psazeske Stream, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "muddy
branch."
Psinkskihigan-i-ontop one of the Nesowadnehunk Mountains,
near Katahdin, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "notched
head ;" it resembles the notch in the blunt end of an arrowhead.
Psinkwandissek a location on Passadaumkeag Stream. Penobscot
County, Me. Abnaki, "place of scalping" or "scalping rock,"
from roots psik, "split" and antep "head."
Psiscontic Brassua Lake, Moosehead, Piscataquis County, Me.
Abnaki, "place of splitting branches (and bark?) (to make
canoes)."
Puccatannock River New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"shallow river." Local name for the Thames at Poquetanuck.
Puckanokick see Pokanoket.
Puckcommeagon River Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "white
oak tree."
Puckenokick see Pokanoket.
Puekhunk Hill, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "clear
stream," "smoke place," or "bear"[?].
199
Puckhunkonnuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "bear
hill" ? or "place of the bear's den." ?
Puckhussunaug Pond, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"place of broken stones," or possibly "place cleared of stones."
Puckquahawks New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "open
plains" or "cleared land." Also Pukquahaks.
Pudjquenssis-ak Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "abode of the power-
ful sorceress." ? Variant, Pukdjinskwes.
Pug Lake in Washington County, Me., and Pond and Lake in
Piscataquis County, Me. Doubtful origin; if this is Indian,
it is perhaps Abnaki, meaning a "pond," or "a shallow
place."
Puggamugga River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "shallow,
sandy."
Pughquonnack see Poquannoc.
Pujejewock see Penjejawock.
Pukanauket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
small plantation," or "cleared land."
Pukwannusett Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "bear's
abode."
Pumgansett see Pomecansett.
Pumgustuck Falls, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "falls near
the mouth of the river."
Pumhaiu see Pomham.
Pummachog see Pomachaug.
Pumpissett River, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the crooked place," or perhaps "it runs down to the sea."
Also "shallow place."
Pumpumbashunk New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "rocky
reefs at the river mouth." Also Pumpinbashoonk.
Pumpsoquattick see Paupasquatch.
Puncatest Neck Road, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "low
meadow," or "shallow when overflown." Variants, Punco-
teast, Punkatees, Ponquatist, etc.
Punhanganset see Ponaganset.
Punkapoag Pond, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "shallow
fresh- water pond."
200
Punkatesset Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "shallow
brook."
Punkups New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, from name of
an Indian called Puckahomp, "bare rock."
Punonakanit Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "out of the
way beach," or distant enclosure."
Punset see Cockaponset and Ponset.
Piirchaed Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag "turning place."
Variants Purchade, Pochead, Pocheag, etc.
Purpoodik see Poodik.
Puscommatas Pond, now Burden's Pond. Washington County,
R. I. Eastern Niantic, "muddy pond" or "miry stream."
Pushaw Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Included only because
of a frequent confusion. It is not Indian, but was named
for an early English settler. The Indian name was Pigwaduk.
Putchaug Brook, Cheshire County, N. H. Nipmuck, a "turning
place," or "division place."
Puttacawmaumshcuck Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the
round rock," or "at the fishing place near the round rock."
Puttawuamscut River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"place of the round rock." (Another source says, "where we
snare birds in a net;" but this appears to be a declaration of
activity at the place rather than a translation of the name.)
Puttuckqupmscut Washington County, R. I. Narragansett? "at
or near the round rock." Other spellings, Petaquamscot,
Puttaquomcuts, etc.
Pyquiag Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "open land."
Pyqyag Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "open land," for
cultivation; "open meadows."
-Q-
Quabacook near Merrymeeting Bay, Sagadahoc County, Me.
Ahnaki, "sunken land, swamp."
Quabaconk Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "red pond," or
"swampy land." Also Quabacutt, Quabakonk, Quabauk, etc.
Quabbin Mountain, Hampshire County, Mass. Also Reservoir and
Park, Hampden, Franklin and Worcester Counties, Mass.
201
Nipmuck, ''it twists and turns about"? "crooked streams"?
Named for a chief ?
Qiiabeag Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "swampy cove,
or bay."
Quaboag Pond and River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"before the pond," or "pond-before"? More likely an ab-
breviation of m'squ'boag, "bloody pond," or "red pond."
Quacataug Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic, "swampy
place," or "where the land trembles."
Quacataug Hill, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"swampy land." Also Quahquetough and Quaukataugh.
Quack near Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki,
"meadows," or "marshes."
Quaco rocks in the sea near Cape Neddick, York County, Me.
Micmac, "hooded seals" (now extinct).
Quacumquasit Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, possibly
from the name of Chief Quacuunquasit of Quaboag. Other
possible derivations include Pequot words for "black ducks."
Quacumquasset Pond, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "black
ducks marsh," or "end of the marsh." But see below.
Quaddick Reservoir and State Park, Windham County, Conn.
If Nipmuck, perhaps "bend or oxbow in river." If Narra-
gansett, "miry place." See Pattaquattic, Pattaquodtuck and
Pawtuckquachooge. Also found as Anadic and Anaddic.
Quadochqoik River, location uncertain; perhaps in Oxford
County, Me.? Abnaki? "place of the mountain range"? or
"at the mountain between the waters" ? or "place between
whirl pools" ?
Quag Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where land
shakes and trembles;" a shaking marsh.
Quagachusque D'Orville's Head, Washington County, Me. Abnaki?
Malecite? properly spelled Kwagustchus'k, "dirty mountain."
So called because it appeared black after being burned over.
Quagana Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "swamp" near
a hill.
Quaganapoxet Salt Marsh, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"quagmire at the small pond."
Quahmsit Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the rock."
202
Quahog Point, Dukes County, Mass. Natick, Narragansett, etc.,
"round clam," the Venus mercenaria, probably from kuppogki
hogki, ''thick shell." Also poquahock; called pookaw on Nan-
tucket, it was commonly known as co-hog elsewhere. This
is the shell from which most wampum beads were made.
Quahtannet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "ait the great
village." Also Sachtananet.
Quaiapen Bristol County, Mass. Quaiapen was the squaw-sachem
or "Queen" of the Narragansett people in the early 1670's.
Quaiombog Cove New London County, Conn. Eastern Ni antic,
"scoop up fish in cove," using scoop nets?
Quaise Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the extreme
point." Another source gives "reeds, or flags-place."? Also
Quayze.
Quakansick Bennington County, Vt. Mahican, "shaking or
trembling land," boggy places along the Hoosic River.
Quaket Neck and Pond, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett,
"narrow swampy place," abbreviation of Nonnequaket or
Nanniquacut. Another spelling, Quacut.
Quakish Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "boggy, flooded;
low places near water." See Guagas.
Quamaskechett-Tookepessett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, "high grass wilderness," or "high grass in an aban-
doned place."
Quamatucumpic Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "rocks
in the long stream," or "extended deserted land." Variant,
Quanatumpic.
Quambaug New London County, Conn. Pequot, "end of pond,"
or "long pond."
Quampakasset Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "little
long pond," or "small red pond."
Quampaug River, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "long pond."
Quamphegan Falls, York County, Me., and Strafford County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "dip net." Here the fish were so abundant that they
could be "dipped out" in a net. See Wussquamhegonset, and
Atgatogwisas.
Quampiasan Landing, York County, Me. From Ahnaki, 2l. canoe
launching place, "enter vessel, immersed in v/ater up to a
certain mark."
203
Quamquit Cove, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "wide
place." But see Nonquitt.
Quamscook Kennebec County, Me. Abnaki, "salmon place."
Quana Hampden County, Mass. Nipmiwk, "long." Probably this
is just part of original longer name.
Quanabog Cove and Neck, New London County, Conn. Eastern
Ni antic, "long pond."
Quanacontaug Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"extended deserted place," or "at the long beach" ? or "two
long ponds in succession" ?
Quanaconwampith Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "trees
near the meadow."
Quanaduck Meadow, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"long tidal stream," or "long tidal estuary." See Quonatuck.
Quanapaug Pond, Fairfield County, Conn, and Stream in New
Haven County, Conn. Paugussett, "long pond." Also Quean-
nepauge and Quenopooke.
Quanascomcook Washington County, Me. Abnaki? Malecite?
"rock summit" ? or "plenty of long rocks in the bay, or pond."
One Indian said, "plenty of long fish place;" these might be
eels, pike, or pickerel. Usually the particular fish which
appeared in quantity would be named, as in "plenty of
sturgeon," e. g., Cobossecontee.
Quanata Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "boundary
place," or "long hill," or "tall tree."[?]
Quanatock Brook, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "long
stream," or "tall trees."
Quanatumpic Grove, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"long ford, or wading place."
Quanatusset Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the long
brook." Also Quanutusset, Quatissik, Quatiske, etc.
Quanduck Brook, Windham County, Conn. Wangunk, "long
stream."
Quanesusett Norfolk County, Mass. Naiick, "long brook."
Quanhiggin River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "long
pointed stick," or "long spear," or "long house. "[?]
Quanitick Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "tall trees," or "long
tree." Or possibly, "long river."
204
Quannapowitt Lake, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the
long pond," or, less likely, "long falls."
Quannipi Alton Bay, Belknap County, N. H. Ahnaki, "the long
lake."
Quannuntowock see Quassaconkanuck.
Quanotock Harbor, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"long tidal stream."
Quanpaukoessut Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
little long pond," or "place at the end of the swamp."
Quanquanjawatchuck Providence County, R. I. ? Narragansett,
"at the hill with two long ridges." See Cawcawnjawatchuck.
Quanset Cove and Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"long place." But if an abbreviation of Aqounset, this may
possibly mean "boundary place," or "at the fort."
Quansigomog Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "pickerel fishing
place," or "long brook basin." See Quinsigamond.
Quansoo Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "long outlet."
Quantabacook Lake, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "plenty of game
(fur-bearing) animals."?
Quantisset Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "long brook."
Quantituck Hill, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "tall
tree" or "long river."
Quantuckoyog see Yantuckkoyog.
Quanumpacke Swamp, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the long pond," or "swampy place."
Quapaukuk Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "at the place
before the pond," or perhaps "at the pond before." Also
translated, "as far as the pond."
Quaquadne Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Pennacook, "high hill."
Quaquananawich Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "high ob-
servation (lookout) place."
Quaquoountuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "shaking
marsh creek."
Quarasksucks New Haven County, Conn. Mohegan, "long green
lands," or "long green place near the brook."
Quasapaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "pickerel pond" ?
(But see Oquassa, "slender blue trout.")
205
Quascacunquen Falls, Essex County, Mass. If Ahnaki, "the long
ridge;" if Natick, "the long bank."
Quashnet Road, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
small cove." See Acushnet.
Quassaconkanuck Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"stone fence boundary mark," or "turning place at the stone
wall."
Quassapaug Pond, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "stones
in the pond," or "gravelly pond." But if an abbreviation of
Kehtequasset, "the largest."
Quassaponikin Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
largest fording place," or "greatest shallow section."
Quassink Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the stony
place."
Quassuck Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the very
large outlet."
Quateuus Dutch Island, Newport County, R. I. Another fre-
quently mistaken term; it is not Indian, but derives
from early Latin, meaning "as far as." Also Quetanis or
Quotenis.
Quatoncanit Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "large plan-
tation," or "large enclosure."
Quatuck River, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "the
large (tidal?) stream."
Quawawehunk Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "where
the land shakes and trembles." This was the location of the
Great Swamp Fight, December, 1675.
Quaweejoos D'Orville Head, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"dirty mountain," dirty appearing because it had been
burned over.
Quawquinnippau Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Ni-
antic, "stream with a wide turn."
Quayachick Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "high hill."
Quayz Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag "place of growing
reeds" ? or "the extreme end." ? See Quaise.
Queachick Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "swift current,"
See Cochichewick.
Quebaog see Quaboag.
206
Quebek Hartford County, Conn. Timxis, "stopped up place,"
or "enclosed place."
Queghommatch Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "shaking or
trembling mountain."
Quenaumett Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "look out
place." See Cataumet.
Quenibeck Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "long pond."
Quentabacook see Quantabacook.
Quequachanoke Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"place of a strong rapid current."
Quequataug see Quacataug.
Quequecham Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "very swift
current." Also Quequechan.
Quequeteant Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "swift water"
or "torrent."
Quesquitcumegek Ridge Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "long carry
over high land," or "long ridge." Also Quesquitcumgee.
Quetequash Hills, Island and River, Plymouth County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "red rocks." See Quittacus.
Quibiquesson River, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "little long
river," or "long brook."
Quidnesset Road, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the small island." Variants, Quidnissit and Aquidnesit.
Quidnet Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the island."
Quidnic River and Pond, Windham County , Conn., and Pond, Prov-
idence County, R. I. Nipmuck, from Acqueedenuck, "place
at the end of the hill."
Quidnick City and Reservoir, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the end of a hill."
Quillicksq Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "mixed water and
earth," i. e., mud, or mire.
Quillipiac New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "where we
change our route." See Quinnipiac.
Quinabaag River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "long pond."
See Quinnebaug.
Quinacquck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "high land."
207
Quinamoge Meadow, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"long fish," i. e., "eels" (probably lampreys).
Quinapaug Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "long pond." Also
Quinibaug, Quineboag, Qunnubage, etc.
Quinapoxet Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the place
of the little long pond," or perhaps "the long swamp."
Quinebaug Pond, Windham County, Conn., and River, New London
County, Conn. Nipmuck, "long pond."
Quinetusset Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "long brook."
Quinibaak Cheshire County, N. H. Ahnaki, "at the long pond."
Quinibeck Camp, Orange County, Vt. Ahnaki, "a long pond."
Quinicuntauge see Quonocontaug.
Quinnamuck Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the long
fishing place."
Quinnatisset Brook and Pond, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"long brook," or "little long river."
Quinneaska Island, Chittenden County, Vt. Ahnaki, "long joint,"
or "long elbow."
Quinnebaug River, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "long pond."
Quinnebequi ancient name for the Kennebec River. Ahnaki,
"long still water."
Quinnehtukqut The Connecticut River. In several Algonquian
dialects, "country at the long river." Also Quinetucquet,
Quinnihticut, etc.
Quinnepoxet Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place of the
little long pond."
Quinnibeque the Charles River, Suffolk County, Mass. Ahnaki,
transplanted from Maine, "long still water;" the Kennebec.
Also Quinobeque, Quinobequin, Quinnebequon.
Quinnipaugh Pond, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "long
pond." Other spellings Quillipoke, Quillipog, etc.
Quinnipiac River and Village, New Haven County, Conn. Quinni-
piac, from quinnuppin-uk, "where we change our route" and
go inland north of New Haven harbor, along the Great Path
Mishimayagat from New York to Boston.
Quinnipiac Territory, much of New Haven County, Conn., and
part of Hartford County. Variants Quillipeak, Quillipeage,
Quillipiac, Quinopiock, Quinnypiock, and Quinnepyooghq.
208
Quinnisk-wouk-ook near Robbinston, Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "at the long gravel bar."
Quinshepaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "pike pond,"
or "pickerel pond."
Quinsibis Island, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "long little
stream," or "long brook."
Quinsigamond Lake and River, Worcester County, Mass. Nip-
muck, "pickerel fishing place." Another translation, "enclosed
place at the long brook."
Quinsnaket see Quinsnikit.
Quinsnikit Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at my
stone house."
Quintikoock according to Roger Williams, the Narragansett
applied this name to Indians dwelling in the Connecticut
valley.
Quinunicut see Conanicut.
Quinuqui Komuk Plymouth County, Mass. Natick, "high en-
closure or tower."
Quisquamego Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "long ridge," or "long
peninsula." Also Kwesahkamegus.
Quisset Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the place of
the small pines." Also spelled Quissit; see Coeset.
Quitemaug Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "the great
fishing place." Named for John Quittemug, a Nipmuck coun-
selor in 1630.
Quito Hill, Cumberland County, Me. If Indian, perhaps Abnaki,
"long flow," but more likely Spanish, from the capital of
Ecuador.
Quittacus Ponds, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "red
rocks?" or "long brook."? Other spellings Quitiquos, Quitti-
quash, Quiticus, etc.
Quittapeage Rock, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "sunk
in bay," or "reef in harbor." ?
Quittaub Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "he sinks," as
into water, or mire.
Quittiquash Ponds, Plymouth County, Mass. See Quittacus.
Quittuwashett Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the great hill."
14 209
Quitquasset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the is-
lands."
Quksett Neck, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "miry place,"
"muddy place," or "rocky place"[?]
Qumatumpick Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
long ford," or "long wading place." ? Also given as "sinking
swamp."
Qiunmunagat see Canonicut.
Qunnoskwamkook near Robbinston, Washington County, Me.
Malecite? MicmacP "the long gravel bar."
Qunnubage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "long pond."
Qununkwattchu Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "the high
mountain." Variant, Qununque wachu.
Quoaug Rock, Point Judith, Washington County, R. I. Eastern
Niantic, "round clam" {Venus mercenaria).
Quodduck sunckset Brook, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"turning place near the outlet."
Quoddy see Passamaquoddy.
Quohoag Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Ahnaki? Natick? "hard
clam," or "chowder clam" (Venus mercenaria).
Quonackquk Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "high place."
Quonacontaug a salt-pond partly in New London County, Conn,
and partly in Washington County, R. I. See Quonocontaug.
Quonahassit Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "long rock place,"
or "a fishing promontory."
Quonatuck Meadow New London County, Conn. See Quanaduck.
Quonektacut Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the long
river," the Connecticut.
Quonepaug Hill, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "long
pond."
Quonnipaug Mountain, Middlesex County, Conn. Quinnipiac,
"long pond."
Quonochontaug Ponds, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Ni-
antic, "the long, long pond."
Quonocontaug Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic?
"at the extended pond," or "at the long beach."
Quononicut see Conanicut.
210
Quonopataug see Quanacontaug. Variants, Quanaquataug, Quo-
naquatog, Quonaquontaug, etc.
Quonopaug Brook, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "long pond."
Quonset Point and Village, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "long place," (or abbreviation of petequonset, "a
round shallow cove.")
Quonshapage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "long fish pond,"
that is, "pickerel pond."
Quontabacook Lake, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "plenty of
(muskrat or beaver) at this pond."
Quoquinnakeesapassananagnog Hillsboro County, N. H. Penna-
cook, "at the place of the long falls in many hills and meadows."
But see Quoquinnapasskeesanahnog, below.
Quoquinnapasskeesanahnog Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook,
may mean "where the panther hunts for small birds," or
"where the broad-tailed hawk hunts for small birds."
Quoquiquasoug Brook, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"the long muddy outlet."
Quosopanagon Meadow, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "plain
near the river."
Quotonset Beach, Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonassett, "at
the place of dunes," or "gravelly place."
Quowatchaug Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "high
hill." Also Quowchauk.
Qussuknashunk Rock, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the place of the upright, elevated rock," in the water; or
"stream near the rocky hill."
Quttonckanitnuing Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "wide
planted place," or "wide garden."?
-R-
Raggertask Island, Ragged Island, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki?
Micmac? possibly from naghetobsk, "island rocks." ?
Rahonaness Plain, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy? Mohican?
Possibly an Indian's name ? Any translation would be guess-
work. "Sandy."? Mohawk: roaneh, "lady."
14* 211
Ramapoge Hampden County, Mass. Natick? "fish pond," from
namaaspoag.
Ramapoo Fairfield County, Conn. Delaware or Mahican, "they
are en route," or "temporary dwellers." (Other sources give
"stream formed by round ponds," and "river which empties
into round ponds.")
Ramassoc ancient Penobscot village (1628), Penobscot County,
Me. Old Abnaki, "fish-place," or "alewife place."
Ramaug Lake, Litchfield County, Conn., abbreviation of the Ma-
hican word wauremaug, "good fishing," or quonkemaug,
"fishing place at the river-bend."?
Rameson Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "below the
alewife place;" in this case, below Alamoosuk Lake.
Rampopeag see Lampopeag.
Raskohegan Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "watching
place;" same as^Erascohegan, Skowhegan, etc. Other spellings
Rasthegon, Lastiggin, and Reskegon.
Regiochne Rock Rogeo, in Lake Champlain, near Burlington,
Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk, "place of the Cowardly
Spirit."
Retacumuckut Washington County, R. I. Narragansett? "on the
mainland opposite," west of Canonicut Island. See also Neu-
taconkonut.
Retaw-erif a joke; spell this backwards.
Rippogenus Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki? "small
rocks, gravel." ?
Rippowams Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "standing rocks,"
or "rocky cliff." Also Rippowance. See Nippowance.
Roatan Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy? "creek almost dry at
low tide." Variant, Noroton.
Rockabema Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "a wood-
pecker." ? See Rockomeko.
Rockomeko Mountains, Oxford County, Me. Abnaki? "hoed-up
corn land." ? See Romomeko.
Rodsio Canyatare Lake Champlain. Mohawk, "Cowardly Spirit's
Lake."
Rogeo Point, Chittenden County, Vt., and Rock, in Grand Isle
County, Vt. Mohawk, "at the place of the cowardly spirit."
2X2
Romomeko Androscoggin County, Me. Abnaki, ''good corn
country/'
Roswic same as Arrowsic, q. v.
Rottsiichni Rock Rogeo in Lake Champlain; Mohawk, "The
Cowardly Spirit," or "The Weakling/'
Rowayton Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy? "creek almost dry
at low tide."
Rumfeekungus, properly Rumsickhimgas Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "alewive fishery below outlet." (There is no f-sound
in Abnaki; this f-letter was really a long s, mis-copied.)
Runckinheage Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy? "at the boundary
place."
Runksoos see Lunksoos.
Rutawoo River, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "flowing
out of a pond."
-s-
Sabada Pond, Cumberland County, Me. A bnaki, ' 'provision cache" ?
or "thoroughfare." ?
Sabagwagum Hadley's Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"lake near salt water."
Sabagwilha Hathaway Point, Franklin County, Vt. Abnaki, "sl
sea duck."
Sabao Mountain, Hancock County, and the West Branch of
Machias River, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "passage,"
or "almost through." This river word, transferred to the
mountain, may suggest how the travelers felt "almost
through" their journey when this landmark was sighted.
Sabbatia Lake, Mass. Exact location unknown. Probably from
Sabbatus, q. v.
Sabbatus Pond, River and Village in Androscoggin County, Me.,
and^Heights in Merrimack County ,^^N. H. An Abnaki ren-
dition of the French St. Jean Baptiste, an Abnaki who aided
the Continentals in Arnold's 1775 invasion of Quebec. Another
Sabbatus was killed at Canterbury, N. H., in 1753.
Sabino an ancient village site near the mouth of the Sagadahoc
River in Maine. ( ?) Said to be the name of an Abnaki chief.
Sabonac Pond. See Saponac.
213
Sabotowan Big Spencer Mountain, Piscataquis County, Me.
Ahnaki, "end of pack or bundle, where strap is pulled to-
gether." This was Glooscap's pack, which he threw down
along with his kettle Kokadjo, so that he could pursue a
moose calf.
Sacadiock same as Sagadahoc, q. v.
Sacarabig Cumberland County, Me. Ahnaki? "outlet of falls or
rapids near a pond?" See Saccarappa.
Sacarappa see Saccarappa.
Sacasawaki River, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "place near
a small outlet," or "land near a brook" ?
Sacatyhock see Sagadahoc.
Saccanossett Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "along
the little seashore trail," or "black earth place."
Saccarappa Falls, Cumberland County, Me. Ahnaki, (free trans-
lation) "where we stop to rest and tie up loose ends or knots
on our packs." Also given as "pond outlet, then rapids, then
falls." Also Sacarappa.
Sachacha Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wamfanoag, "place
of the boulder-stream hill." See also Sasagacha.
Sachem Peak, Grafton County, N. H., Head in New Haven
County, Conn., and Pond, in Newport County, R. I. This is
a common New England Indian title for "chief." It is liter-
ally, "a chief," or "he has the mastery." See Sagamore.
Sachimma Comock Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "the prince's
house," or "ruler's plantation."
Sachimo Comaco Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "sachem's
house," or "ruler's plantation."
Sachtalen Sock's Island, Penobscot County, Me. An Ahnaki
rendition of the French name, Jacques' Island.
Sachuck Hill, Providence County, R. I. Nipmuck, "at the moun-
tain."
Sachuest Bay, Beach, Point and River, Newport County, R. I.
Narragansett, "at or near the great hill." Also Sachueeset,
Sachues, Sachuset.
Sackatehock see Sagadahoc.
Sackatucket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
mouth of the tidal river."
214
Saco River, Carroll County, N. H. Abnaki, "flowing out," or
"outlet." Also a city and river in York County, Me.
Saconaset see Sockanosset.
Saconesset Hills, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "dark
earth." See Sockanosset.
Sacunyte Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "path along the sea
shore." Another source gives Sacunyte Napocke, "at the
outlet of a pond." (Also Delaware, shajahikananey.)
Sadawga Lake, Windham County, Vt. If Mohawk, possibly
"swiftly flowing water," "side hill," or "a house burst open."
This lake, in Pocumtuck country, was named for an old
Indian who remained there. A 1640 map shows a Mohawk
outpost near here.
Sag Pond Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "outlet."
Sagadahoc County and River, Me. Abnaki, "the outflowing of a
swift stream as it nears the sea," particulary the lower
Kennebec River.
Sagamore Beach and Village, Barnstable County, Mass., and
Hill in Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "chief;" liter-
ally, "he has mastery of."
Sagamore Creek, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "chieftain."
{Abnaki spelling sogmo.)
Sagamore Sam see Shawsheen.
Saga quash Island, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "hard
rocks." Given also as Sagaquish, Saquish, etc.
Sagassett Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "near the outlet," a
local name for the mouth of the Kennebec River.
Sagatobscot Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
place of hard rock."
Saghibpatook Falls, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "falls in
a rough, difficult river."
Sagiask Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "hard rocks." Also
Sagioshk.
Sagistonac Falls, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "at the
place of hard rocks."
Sagon-dagon Lake, Newport Pond, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "level place." (Some Indians say, "old portage.")
Sagoquas Plymouth County, Mass. Naiick, "hard rocks."
215
Sagosset Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "near the out-
let."
Sagumskuffe Coos County, N. H. Probably Sagoniskusse, Abnaki
or Pennacook, "place of the small hard rocks," or "difficult
passage because of rocks."
Sagumumpsketuck the Hop River, Tolland County, Conn.
Nipmuck, "river that runs through hard rock."
Sagus same as Saugus.
Sahbahesset Fox Island Thoroughfare (or Narrows), Washington
County, Me. Abnaki, "thoroughfare."
Sahbimskitegwek Thoroughfare Brook, Piscataquis County, Me.
Abnaki, "rocks at outlet of stream;" but many Indians say,
"stream connecting two lakes." Another source gives, "a
stream that empties (flows) between two large bodies of
water."
Sahkabehaliik Moose River, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
(a free translation), "fiat place, most volume tributary," or
"outlet of water body discharging most volume."
Sahkahegan Telos Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "arti-
ficial outlet connecting" with another water system.
Sahnchecontucket Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
outlet of the principal long tidal stream," or "place of the
principal cold water stream." Also Sanchecantacket.
Sahnghib pahntook Falls, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "rough
falls in the river," at outlet.
Sakadamkiak outlet of Saco River, York County, Me. Malecite,
"sandbar at the outlet."
Sakessett Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the small
outlet."
Sakonnet City, Height, Point and River, Bristol County, R. I.,
and Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "abode of the black
goose," or "rocky outlet," or "at an outlet." Also Saconnet,
Sakonet, Seaconnett, etc.
Salko Hill, Washington County, Me. Abnaki? Micmac? possibly
from words meaning "the outlet," or "humped up like a
turtle's back. "(?)
Salquin Island, off mouth of Kennebec River, Sagadahoc County,
Me. Abnaki? Micmac? possibly "high, humped up like a
216
turtle or horseshoe crab, far off sea/*? Found also as
Sutquin, Sequin, Satquin, Sodkin, Zedquin on maps dated
1607 to 1647.
Sammauchamoi Pond, Ptymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"place where we feed, or get provisions/'
Samoset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag? Samoset, the
famous Sachem of Monhegan, greeted the Pilgrims in 1620.
Also called Osamoset, "he walks over much" ?
Samp Mortar Reservoir, Fairfield County, Conn. Natick, "corn
bruised in a mortar and boiled/' Samp was a favorite New
England meal, with sugar and milk, until at least 1925.
Sampopeag see Lampopeag.
Sanchekantacket Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
the long cold river." Also, Sanchecantacket.
Sancoik Bennington County, Vt. Probably French, "St. Croix,"
but if Indian, possibly Mohican, "I emerge from hiding."
Sankaty Head, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "cold
stream," ? or "cold hill." ?
Sankrohonk Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "land at the
outlet." Also, Sankrohoncuin.
Sanqutagnappipanquash Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"fording place at the outlet of the cold water pond;" also
given as "it pours out from under contorted rocks."
Santuit Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "cool
water place."
Sapokonist Brook, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "miry
field."
Saponac at Chibanook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"the great outlet," or "big opening."
Sapowet Marsh, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "by the
river," or "wet, miry place."
Saquaische Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "going out" or
"outlet." See Sunkaze.
Saquassis diggin Island; see Sebascodegan.
Saquatucket River, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the mouth of the tidal stream."
Saquid mouth of St. George River, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki,
"the outlet/'
217
Saquish Neck, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, possibly
"hard rocks," or "plenty of clams;'' the soft shell clam Mya
arenaria, used in steaming (hence sohqussog, "they spit or
squirt.")
Saracasks New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "green banks,"
or "grassy banks."
Saratogue Riviere de Saratogue, now the Batten Kill, Bennington
County, Vt. Mohawk, "the side hills;" or perhaps "where
heel prints may be seen (in soft ground)."
Sasagacha Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "sour,
black berries" (alder berries, blackberries, over-ripe cran-
berries or unripe grapes ? One source suggests "black slippery
fish, eels.")
Sasagook apaug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "alder pond" ?
Some give "black snake pond." (Possibly eels, sassaman-
quock, "shiny black and slippery ?") Another source translates
this as "rattlesnake pond," but a "rattlesnake" would be
sesek, or sesegk in Massachusetts; further north, sisikw. See
Sisikwa menahan.
Sasaketasick Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "dark flowing,
muddy stream."
Sasanet Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the place
of black slippery rocks."
Sasanoa the lower Kennebec River, now the Black River. Named
for Chief Sasanou, who met Samuel de Champlain. See
Sasanow, below.
Sasanow now Mt. Agamenticus, York County, Me. Named by
John Smith "Sasanow's Mount," after Chief Sasanou, an
Abnaki sachem, 1607.
Sasa quash Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "rattlesnakes" ?
Sasco Swamp, Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger? Delaware?
"mud." Also Sasquenaugh.
Sasonkususett Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of small sassafrass bushes."
Sasquenaugh Sasco Swamp, Fairfield County, Conn. Probably
Wappinger, "muddy river;" same roots as Susquehanna, q. v.
But see Sassaqum.
Sassamon's Cove, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, named for
John Sassamon, Metacom's secretary. His murder at this
' 218
place in 1675 triggered King Philip's War. Possible meaning,
"cranberry."
Sassaquin Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, perhaps
"cranberries," or "he is slow." Possibly the name of a chief,
"Black Feather."
Sassawich Beach, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "eel
trap."
Sasson Kussett Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"muddy, warm." ?
Sassucksuck Brook, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "black
earth brook," or "muddy brook." See Saukiog, Sioascauk
and Sicaog.
Sataylan Penobscot County, Me. English, "shad island," as
pronounced by Abnaki.
Satucket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the mouth
of the tidal creek."
Satucket Plymouth County, Wampanoag, "at the mouth of the
tidal stream."
Satuit Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "cold brook." (Salt,
cold stream?)
Saucauoca Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "dark land."
(Possibly magnetic iron on the beach? or black mud?).
Sauga Point, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
outlet."
Saugatuck Reservoir, River and Village, Fairfield County, Conn.
Paugussett, "outlet of the tidal river."
Saugatucket Pond and River, Washington County, R. I. Eastern
Niantic, "at the outlet of the tidal stream."
Saughtuckquett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
mouth of the tidal creek."
Saugus River and Village, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "the out-
let," or "small outlet."
Saugus Island, Penobscot River, Penobscot County, Me. Natick,
"small outlet?" or Abnaki, "rough, difficult."?
Saugutagnappiepanquash see Sanqutagnappipanquash.
Saukiog Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "the ground is dark,"
sometimes found as Sicaog or Suckiaug.
219
Saiiks Island, Washington County, R. I., If Indian, perhaps
Eastern Niantic, "an outlet," or an abbreviation for ''black
mud." Possibly, however, it derives from osakiwog, ''yellow
earth people," i.e., the Sauk tribe.
Saukwonk River Hampshire County, Mass. Natick, "outlet
place," or "bend at the outlet."
Sauquish see Saquish.
Sauquonckackok New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the
ledge of hard rocks." Also translated as "land in a high place."
See Sagumumpsketuck.
Sauseimk Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, from the
name of one of Sachem Sowheag's sons, Sause-Unk, "Uncas
of the South." He sold lands in 1672.
Sawaams see Sowams.
Sawacook Sagadahoc County, Me. Probably Ahnaki, "sloping
land," but possibly a Narragansett import, "shell beads,"
sawhosachick. See Sawgogue.
Sawacotuck an old name for the Saco river at its mouth, hence
Ahnaki, "mouth of the tidal stream." See Saugatuck, etc.
Sawad Apskek the Sawadabscook River, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "at the place of sloping ledges." See Saw watap
skechuwas.
Sawaquatock see Sawkatucket.
Sawcatucket River; see Saugatucket and Massaugatucket.
Sawcomst Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "flowing out
over rocks." Also Saukompsk.
Sawcook Foothills, Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "sloping
land."
Sawgogue Washington County, R. I. Narragansett? Eastern Ni-
antic? "loose shell beads, unstrung wampum" (or, "at the
outlet" ?) Also Squakheag, Sawgoge, Sawgoog, etc.
Sawhegan Falls, Coos County, N. H. Pennacook? "south country,"
or "waiting place." ?
Sawish Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "sluggish."
Sawkatucket Barnstable County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
outlet of the tidal creek." Given also as Sawahquatock.
Sawkhead see Sawquid.
Sawquid Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "outlet place."
220
Saw watep skechuwas Sawmill Brook, Hampden County, Mass.
Nipmuck, "pouring forth alone it comes out," also translated
as "continuous outflowing current runs over sloping ledges."
See Sawad Apskek.
Saxafrax (Sassafrass) Point and Cove, R. I. Narragansett, "eels"?
or "place of the upright rocks."?
Sayquish see Saquish.
Scaggrock River, Aroostook County, Me. Old Ahnaki, "green
place," or "grassy place."
Scammon Pond, Hancock County, Me. If Indian, perhaps Ahnaki,
"maize," or "Indian corn."
Scamscammuck Spring, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "rock
enclosure," referring to a walled-up spring. Another spelling,
Scamscamnet.
Scantic Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where the river
branches."
Scantic River and Village, Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"branch of the river." Originally Peskantuk. Other spellings
Scantuck, Skeantocke, Scuntock.
Scanticook Hartford County, Conn. A village and fort anciently
on the north bank of Scantic River; Nipmuck, "at the river
fork."
Scantuk River, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck,'' river branch."
Scargo Lake, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "it flows
out." Possibly part of an ancient word for "bass." ?
Scargo Mountain, York County, Me. Old Ahnaki, "skunk"? or
"outlet" ?
Scatacook Kent County, R. I. Nipmuck, "fork in river." Also
Scatacoke, Scatacosh, etc.
Scataway Hill, Cumberland County, Me. Old Ahnaki, "burned-
over place" ? or "little mountain" ? (If this were a tidewater
location, Scatuate would fit).
Scaticook Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican [Stockhridge] , "con-
fluence of two rivers," or "where rivers divide." Variants
Scatacook; in New York, Schaghticoke, etc.
Scatuate near Dover, Strafford County, N. H. Ahnaki, "slack
water," or "ebb tide."
Scatiik see Schoodic River.
221
Schachticoke an ancient village on Missisquoi Bay, Franklin
County, Vt. Mahican, "where the river branches."
Schaghaticauke Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "where the
rivers fork." Also Pishquachticook.
Schaticook now Hoosac River, Bennington County, Vt. Mahican,
"bend in the stream," or "fork in the stream."
Schenob (Schnob) Brook, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican,
"great pond outlet" ? Also found as ashim ops "water spring
at the rocky ledge." See Moshenupsuck.
Schodac Brook, Merrimack County, N. H. Abnaki, "trout place."
Schodack Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican? "where there was a
fire," or "burned-over land," or "fireplace." Possibly also
"trout place," or "point of land."
Schohomogomoc Hill, Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki, "lake
with fire markings near it."
Schoodic many waterways in Maine bear this name, deriving from
Abnaki or Malecite, "trout place," or perhaps, "point of land."
Schooset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fire place."
Scitico Village, Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck, "land at the
river branch." These are also found: Skitico, Squitikko.
Scittery gusset Creek, Cumberland County, Me. Perhaps another
spelling of Squidrayset, a chief of territory near Lynn,
Mass. Some say Abnaki-English, "flows rapidly, continuous
current."
Scituate Plymouth County, Mass., and Providence County, R. I.
Wampanoag, "at the cold spring, or cold brook." But possi-
bly slack water, between tides ?
Scoakequanocksett see Sockanosset.
Scodoqua River, Franklin County, Vt. Abnaki, "trout stream."
Sconnoups Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "dark
rocks." Also Succonups.
Sconokoskes Pond, Middlesex County, Conn. WangunkP "small
stones at outlet," or "outlet with small stones." ?
Sconticut Neck and Point, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett,
"at (the end of) the cold brook," or possibly "at the end of
the crooked stream."
Sconunganuc Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "plenty of corn
here," or "green stuff place."
222
Scoodeag River, Washington County, Me. Malecite? Abnaki?
"fire-place," or "burned-over land."
Scoodik the upper St. Croix River, Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "the point or end."
Scook Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "snake," or
possibly a contraction of Quassacook, "stony place." ?
Scotomak Caledonia County, Vt. Abnaki, "trout place."
Scouhegan Falls; see Skowhegan.
Scucurra Snake Hill, New Haven County, Conn. Mohegan,
"snakes here."
Scusset Beach, Harbor and River, Plymouth County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "at the wading place," or possibly "at the out-
let." One reference said, "something about sparks of fire
here." Another gave "small fires, possibly torches for luring
fish."
Scutcuk see Scaticook.
Seanna Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, from the
name of one of Sachem Sowheag's sons.
Seapuit River, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "in the
current," or possibly "in the undertow."
Seaukum Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "muddy place," or
perhaps, "hard going." ?
Sebacook see Sebec.
Sebago Lake, Cumberland Conuty, Me. Abnaki, "big lake," or "big
still water." See Sobagwa.
Sebahticook Indian Pond on Kennebec River, Kennebec County,
Me. Abnaki, "passage, or thoroughfare, or narrows."
Sebaik see Sebayck.
Sebaim Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "much water."
Same place as Sebec Lake.
Sebamook Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki,
"large lake."
Sebasco Estates and Harbor, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki,
"almost through passage," or "portage almost completed."
Sebascodegan Island, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "carry or
passage almost completed." Also Sebascodiggin, Saquasis-
diggin, etc.
223
Sebascohegan River, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "a portage
or carrying place."
Sebaskiak Neck, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "narrow place
in or near a stream."
Sebasticook Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Penobscot- Ahnaki,
free translation, "the shortest route;" literally, "almost-
through-place." Also Sebastoocoog.
Sebayek narrows at Quoddy Village, Washington County, Me.
Ahnaki? "narrow stream, or narrow current;" but Seebyik
(Pleasant Point) is Micmac for "peninsula." Also Sebayik.
Sebec Lake and Village, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "much
water."
Sebesteguk River, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "short passage
river."
Sebethe River, Middlesex County, Conn. Mohegan? Wangunk?
"a brook." Sometimes given as "small river." A cognate of
Seboeis or Sebes; the substitution of th for s is rare.
Seboeis Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "small lake," or
"small waterway."
Seboois Village, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "little stream."
Seboomook Elm Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at or
near the large stream."
Sebosenec Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "at the place of the
stony stream."
Seboy cook Washington County, Me. Same as Sebayik, q. v.
Secarabigg Falls, Amancongon River, Cumberland County, Me.
Ahnaki, "pool, then rapids, then falls." See Saccarappa.
Seccasaw Plymouth County, Mass. ? Natick, "black earth," or
possibly "squirting clams" ? or "hard rocks." ?
Secesakut Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "black
rocks place." Variants, Secesakutt, Sekescute, etc.
Seche nayaug Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "spring at
the corner," or "pool at the point," sohken-nayaugP .
Seconchet Village; see Seconchqut Village, and Seekonk.
Seconchqut Village, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
summer place," or "late-spring place."
Seconnet Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "early summer, or late
spring, place" ? iy^)i&::e^^ecd±ch.sequanamauquock,t\iehxQdin\ ?)
224
Sedunkehunk Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "rapids
at mouth." Sometimes (incorrectly) spelled Segeunkedunk.
Perhaps the earlier and more complete name was Matasede-
dunkehunk, "enters the river with rapids."
Seebaticook Indian Pond, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"lake-stream place."
Seeboomook Lake, River and Village, Piscataquis County, Me.
Ahnaki, "at the place of the large river or lake."
Seeboomook Village, Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, "large lake,
or stream."
Seebyik Pleasant Point, Washington County, Me. Micmac, "a
peninsula."
Seeconnesset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small
late-spring, or early-summer, place."? But see Sockanosset.
Seekonk River, Bristol County, R. I. Wampanoag, "the mouth
of the stream," or "outlet;" possibly "wild goose." Also
found as Seaconke, Seaconk, Seakunk, and Sikunke.
Seekonk Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "wild black goose,"
or "pouring-out place," or "rocky beach."
Seeogamook Stillwater Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"passing without rapids into a stream." Also Shogomock.
Seepoocke Washington County, R. L Eastern Niantic, "salt pond"
or "salt water." Also found as Seepooke, Seepoke, Seippog.
"Sour water" ? See Sebago and Sobagwa.
Seewamuck Point, Bristol County, R. L Narragansett, "at the
place where we catch bream," (porgies, mishcuppaog) literally,
"at the place of early summer fish." (See Sowams.) One
source translates this as "big plain (or meadow) place;"
another, "place of sewan."
Segocket mouth of St. George River, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki,
"at the outlet." Variants Segoquet, Segocket, Segohquet.
Segotago an ancient Indian village, possibly in Cumberland
County, Me. Ahnaki, "outlet of the river."
Segreganset Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "place of hard
rocks," or "where it pours out."
Seguin Island and Passage, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki,
"humped up" like a turtle, or horseshoe crab {limulus poly-
phemMs).
x5 225
Segumkendunk River, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "rapids at
the confluence/' See Sedunkehunk.
Segunesit Windham County, Conn. Possibly Nipmuck, "where
we go in the spring or early summer." But see Sockanosset.
Seguski-menahanikuk an island in the Penobscot River, Pe-
nobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "broken island place," or
"plowed-up island."
Seipican River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a long
stream." See Sippican.
Seketegansett Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "dark-
colored spring place."
Sekidawe Franklin County, Vt. Abnaki? "beaver dam." However,
a Mohawk word for "beaver" is dawinet.
Sekled Obscus Lakes, Penobscot and Washington Counties, Me.
Malecite, "shark-shaped rock."
Seminenal River, Salmon Falls River, Strafford County, N. H.
Abnaki, "pebbles," or "coarse gravel."
Senaglecouna early northern boundary of Maine, Aroostook
County. Malecite? "long rocky banks."
Seneca Mountain, Essex County, Vt. Natick? "place of stones" ?
Perhaps named after the Seneca Indians, or may even derive
from Lucius Annseus Seneca, the Roman philosopher.
Senechataconet Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "stony
angle (or corner) of the plantation," ? or "stepping-stones
ford."?
Seneptuit Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
gravelly (or rocky) place."
Seneteconnet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
rock-strewn fields," or "gravelly place."
Senexet Valley and Meadow, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"place of small stones."
Sengekonlacket Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
cold, long creek," or "rocky, long creek." Found sometimes as
"lookout tree place." Also Sengehontakit.
Sennebec or Sennibec Pond, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "rocks
in the pond."
Sennemahgesso Eagle Rocks, Orange County, Vt. Abnaki,
literally, "rocks of the eagle."
226
Seogogguaiiegabo Cumberland County, Me. Probably Abnaki,
"big canoe landing place," but possibly "extended dunes."
Sepaconit or Sepaconnet River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampa-
noag, "at the long stream." Also, "pouring out at beach."
Sepasonnet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the grav-
elly stream," or "stones in the river."
Sepos Tamesuck or Sepaw Tamesuck Brook and Cove, New
London County, Conn. Mixed Mohegan (sepos) and English
(T(h)ames), "outlet of the River Thames."
Sepsis-edal-apskit Hancock County, Me. Abnaki "where a bird is
carved or punched into the rock." (This picture near Sedg-
wick has been practically obliterated ; the weather, and many
souvenir-hunting vandals have taken their toll) .
Sepunamus Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "younger
sister." Sepunnemoe is a better spelling; she was a Wangunk
squaw of some means who deeded land in 1662. Sepunamus
might be translated as "little river-fish."
Sequankit New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac "place of summer
(dwellings),"? or "what is left, what remains." Also Se-
quanaukit.
Sequassen Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Tunxis, Sequassen
was a sachem of the Tunxis Indians, circa 1635.
Sequin see Sowheage.
Seremobscus Muscongus Island, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki,
"place of extended ledges."
Sesachacha Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. From Wampanoag,
"boulder hill here." But see Sasagacha.
Sesuit Creek and Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"cold water" or "cold creek;" also translated as "big
spring."
Setamachut Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
great stony hill" ? or perhaps "place of strong currents." ?
Variants Settemeechut, Sissamachute, Schichemachute.
Setnesset location unknown. Naiick? "stretched out, or extended,
tract."
Setuat Providence County, R. I. See Satuit.
Setucket Road, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
mouth of the tidal creek."
15* 227
Sewadapskak Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "place of
the sloping ledge."
Shabokin Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, ''place of the
departed" (chepiohkomuk) or "hell." Variants, Shabikin,
Shabbiikin, Chabikkin.
Shadogee see Chataguay.
Shaganiscathoke Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"land at the side of the hills," or possibly," land of the green
hills," or "land between hills." Variant, Sheganishkachoke.
Shakameeko Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican? "slippery fish"
or "straight fish;" that is, "eels." See Shonkamonke.
Shakum Pond, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, probably a
contraction of Washacum; or "enclosed between" ?
Shamcook Shore, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
abbreviation of "salmon fishing place," or "great fishing
place."?
Shamuet Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the spring."
Shamunganuck see Chemunganock.
Shanaks Fort, Cheshire County, N. H. If Indian, perhaps Penna-
cook, "halfway place" or "place between."
Shankhassick near Exeter, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki,
"at the hidden outlet of a stream."
Shannock River, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic?
Mohegan? "place between" (streams) ? or "stony place" ?
Also Shannuck and Shawnuck.
Shannock Hill, River and Village, Washington County, R.I.
Mohegan, "where two streams meet." People more poetically
inclined look to Niantic, "big squirrel," or Natick, "morning
star." Variant, Shannuck.
Shantituck Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "where
two large tidal streams unite," or (more likely) "large trees
near the river," Mishantig-tuck.
Shantok New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "midway up
river." This was an old Indian fort almost halfway from
New London to Norwich; it is now a park.
Shaomet Franklin County, Mass. See Shawmut.
Shatterack Mountain, Windham County, Vermont. Pocumtuck?
"big mountain,"? "fireplace,"? or "between mountains."?
228
Shatterack Brook and Mountain, Hampden County, Mass. Nip-
muck? Ahnaki? possibly "where two streams meet," or
"foaming place" ?
Shaum Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the neck" (or as in
Shawmut, "landing place.") (Also found as Shaume, Shum,
etc.; often confused with Shimuet, "at the spring.") Cape
Cod was sometimes labeled Shaume or Mishaum, "big neck."
Shaume Neck (Cape Cod Peninsula), Barnstable County, Mass.
Nauset, "the neck." See Shaum, above.
Shawacotoc an ancient name for Saco, York County, Me. Old
Ahnaki, "(country around) the mouth of the river." A tribe
of that name lived there ; variants of the name include Saco,
Sawco, Shawakotock, Shawocotuck, etc.
Shawamug New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "fishing place
at the fork in the stream (where two streams meet)."
Shawkemo Creek and Hills Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"place of springs," or "spring field," but possibly "gnats."
See Okemo and Shekomeko.
Shawme State Forest, Barnstable County, Mass. Nauset, same
as Shawmut, "the neck."
Shawmut Suffolk County, Mass., and Village, Somerset County,
Me. Natick, (i) "he goes there by water;" (2) "ferry;" (3)
"at the neck" (where we draw up our canoes). This is an
ancient name for Charlestown, Boston, and Dorchester.
Shawnuck see Shannock.
Shawomet Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the peninsula,
the land between waters," or "at the neck." There is more
than a hint of "canoe landing place" in this word. See also
Shaomet, Shawmut, etc.
Shawomet Bristol County, and Plymouth County, Mass. Wam-
panoag, "at the neck," or possibly "at the canoe landing-place."
This was anciently a Wampanoag village.
Shawsheen River and Village, Middlesex County, Mass. Probably
Nipmuck, from the name of Sagamore Sam, alias Shoshanim.
Shawunkhassiek River, Rockingham County, N. H. Ahnaki, "at
the hidden outlet of a stream."
Shawwunk New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "where the
streams join," literally, "place between."
229
Shebeag see Chebeague.
Shecoway River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "sheldrake,"
or "American merganser." This bird is also called Shecorway,
Skeecoway and Ussikawai, "rough shaggy crest."
Sheehauge Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "land between,"
or perhaps, "eels here." Also, with another inflection, possibly
"loose unstrung beads, or shell money." See Sawgogue.
Sheepscot Pond, River and Village, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki,
"many rocky channels." Also, Shepscooke, Shippscutt, etc.
Sheganishkachoke see Shaganiscathoke.
Shekomeko Brook, Lichtfield County, Conn., and Dutchess County,
N. Y. Mahican, "principal house," or "headquarters" (of
Moravian missions). See Chicomico.
Shemunkanuck see Chemun ganock. Also Shemunkanug.
Shenecossett New London County, Conn. Pequot, "level land."
Shenewemedy Essex County, Mass. Natick, "spring meadow
place."
Shenipsit Lake, Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the great
pool."
Shenskonet Brook and Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragan-
sett, "strong field"? or "wholly enclosed place"? or "level
land" ?
Shepaug Reservoir and River, Litchfield County, Conn. Tunxis,
"great pond." Variants, Shippoack, Shippang, Sheppog, etc.
Shequocket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the fork" ?
or "big swamp." ?
Shetucket River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "land
between rivers." Some authorities give Mashetucket, "at the
great river." Variants Shawtucket, Showwatuckhet, Show-
tucket.
Shewamet Neck Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
neck." See Shawmut, Shawomet.
Shewatucket Stream, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the place between tidal streams." Variants, Shewatuck,
Shewtuck, Shewtuk, etc.
Shewatucquese Stream, Washington County, R. L Narragansett,
"place between small streams," or "small place between
streams." Also given as Showatucquese.
230
Shewunk see Shannock.
Shickasheen Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"great spring."
Shimmoah Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a spring,"
(of good water). Also Shimo, Shimmoo, Shimuet, etc.
Shimmimk Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, ''at the springs."
Also spelled Shipmuck.
Shinskatuck Brook and Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "spring-fed river."
Shipmuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "springs," "big
watery place," or "big bog." ?
Shippan Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "the shore, where
the sea begins."
Shippaquonset Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "place
apart from big point, or from long point" ?
Shockolog Pond, Worcester County, Mass. See Chockalog.
Shogonaug Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "land on the
side of the hill."
Shohomagock's Hill, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, from an
Indian so named. But see Schohomogomoc.
Shoneeto now Beaver Pond, Rockingham County, N. H. Penna-
cook? Natick? "big outlet" ? or "rocky place." ?
Shonkamonke Pond, Berkshire County, Mass. From Mahican?
or Delaware? "abode of eels." Also given as "cultivated land."
See Shoonkeek Moonkeek, below.
Shoonkeek Moonkeek Lake, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican,
"abode of straight fish; eels."
Showaluckqut Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where the
river forks."
Showatucket River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "land
between the rivers."
Shuckquam Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "grassy mea-
dows."
Shumack Stream, Washington County, R. L Possibly Narra-
gansett, sumhup, "a beaver," but more likely just the name of
the "sumac bush," which is an Arabic word.
Shiiman Kanue Hill, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"high enclosed place," or "place of refuge high up."
231
Shumuit Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the spring" of
good water.
Shunock River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan? "stone
place," or possibly a corruption of Shawnuck, "where streams
join." See also Shawwunk.
Siasconset Nantucket County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the place
of many bones." or "great bones place." Possibly because
skeletons of whales, etc., were strewn about.
Sibegehanuck Cross Island, Washington County, Me. Malecite,
"passage by water," or "sea-avoiding passage."
Sicaog Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog, "dark earth" or "muddy
place." The Sicaog Indians lived in and around Hartford.
Sickcompsqu Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "black rocks,"
or "hard rocks" ?
Sickenames River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan? "black
fish," probably the tautog (plural).
Sicojocke an early name for the Connecticut River, probably from
Wampanoag, "dark colored earth," or "dark land;" i. e.,
mucky land. Also found as Sioasock.
Siguenoc Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "at the humped-up
place." See Seguin Island.
Sigwanawock Stream, Coos County, N. H. Pennacook, "spring-
time place."
Sigwooganock River, now Israel's River, Coos County, N. H.
Abnaki? Pennacook? "toward the south," or more likely,
"place where we return in the springtime."
Sikunke see Seekonk.
Simquish Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "dip up a
drink."
Singrawac River, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki, "springtime
place."
Sinuessutt New London County, Conn. The eastern boundary of
Mohegan territory. Possibly Mohegan, "place of small stones."
But see Sneeksuck.
Sioascauk Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "black or dark
colored earth," or "covered at high tide." Also Sioascock.
Sioug Pond, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "thorns or briars,"
or Natick, "sour or bitter."
232
Sip Pond, Cheshire County, N. H. Perhaps this is the Enghsh
word "sip." Possibly Old Abnaki, "a bird;" or Malecite, "a
duck."
Sipp Bay, Washington County, Me. Perhaps an English name; if
Abnaki, "a bird." (Or from -sebe, cognate with the -sippi
in Mississippi ?)
Sippenak Brook, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "edible lily roots."
Sippewisset Harbor, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the little river." See Seboois.
Sippican River, Neck and Harbor, Plymouth County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "long stream," or "gravelly stream."
Sippigunnet River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
long river."
Sippiquonet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the long
stream."
Sipsaconta Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "plenty of birds," per-
haps ducks. Also Sipsisconta,
Sisikwa Menahan Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, literally,
"Rattlesnake Island" in Lake Winnepesaukee.
Sisladobsis Lake (Lower), Lower Dobsy Lake, Washington County,
Me. Malecite, "rock shaped like a shark or dogfish." Also
Sysladobsis.
Sisladobsis Lake (Upper) Penobscot County, Me. See Lower
Sisladobsis.
Sisquisic Cousin's River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki,
"muddy place." See also Sysquissett.
Siwanoy were Indians living in Fairfield County, Conn, and
westward into New York. Probable meaning, "south people."
Also Siwanog.
Skahogan a locality in Essex County, Vt. Abnaki, "a sharp
stick." (As a pole for the center of a haystack.)
Skaket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, from Namskeket,
"at the fishing place."
Skaki or Skwasi Cumberland County, Me. Old Abnaki, "a way or
place or method of standing or waiting." See Skowhegan,
Squakheag, etc.
Skamonikoos Windham County, Vt. Abnaki, "corn harvest
moon."
233
Skamscommuck Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "rock
enclosed spring place." See Scamscammuck.
Skanentgraksenge the shore of Lake Champlain near Burlington,
Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk, "a notably bad landing
place."
Skanetoghrowa Lake Champlain. Mohawk? "largest lake."
Skatehook Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "at the branch of
the stream" ? or "fire place." ?
Skatutakee Hill and Lake, Cheshire County, N. H. Abnaki, "a
fire swept by here."
Skauton Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "edge of the sea."
'Skeag Island, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, part of Naamas-
keag, "a fishing place."
Skeecoway Creek, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, the American
merganser, "rough shaggy crest," or "sheldrake."
Skenunganock Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "green field."
Skeset Meadow, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
outlet," or perhaps "overflowed."
Skiga-Nason or Skeega-Nassun-Edowa? Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "April-moon place." (Where this band returned in
spring to their cleared lands near a stream, to prepare for
summer crops and fishing. ?)
Skinequit Pond, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
salmon fishing place," or perhaps "first blood place."
Skipmaug Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "chief fishing place."
Skitchewaug Mountain and Trail, Windsor County, Vt. Probably
Abnaki, "big mountain," if applied to the mountain. But
if transplanted from nearby Black River, perhaps Micmac
or Malecite, Kawap skitchwak "rough rocky rapid current,"
or "falls go down like steps."
Skitticook Branch, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "dead
water," "sluggish stream," "slack water," "standing water."
Skogogwaganock Penobscot County, Me. ? Abnaki, "place of the
snake-dance."?
Skokorat New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac? "snake hill,"
Skug-adchu.
Skookum Chuck Brook, Grafton County, N. H. Chinook Jargon,
"dashing water" or "rapids."
234
Skoonkeekmoonkeek Lake; see Shonkamonke, Shoonkeek Moon-
keek.
Skowhegan Village, Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, "place of
waiting and watching," a fish-spearing place.
Skuakheag Franklin County, Mass. Ahnaki or Pennacook, "sharp
instrument," probably a fish-spear; but see Squakheag.
Skuamkeag Windham County, Vt. Ahnaki, "salmon place" or
"red place." Probably Skuakheag or Squakheag, miscopied
or misspelled. See also Skowhegan.
Skudek Washington County, Me. Probably Ahnaki, "fire place,"
or "burned-over place."
Skug River, Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "a snake."
Skukoal Island, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "meadow grass."
Skunkamug River, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanaog, "green
field" ? But see Skunkamug, Conn. Variant, Scunganuyk.
Skunkamug the Hop River, Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"eel fishing here." Also Skungemaug and Shonkamonk; and
Narragansett, neshuongok, "eels." (Literally, "they go in
twos.")
Skunkscut see Kongscut.
Skutarza or Skutarzy Ahnaki, "trout-place." See Escutassis or
Skuthazis. Several places so named.
Skuthazis or Escutassis Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki,
"brook trout."
Sneech Pond, Providence County, R. L Nipmuck, "rocks at
the outlet" ? See Sneechteconnet.
Sneechteconnet River, Bristol County, Mass. Nipmuck? "rock in
or along the river." This is a local name for the Blackstone
River. See Tittituck.
Sneeksuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "stone shelter
(overhang) near the brook outlet;" or "at the cave," or "at
the stone house." ?
Snipatuit Pond and Village, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the rocky river." Other spellings Snippatuit, Snipatuett,
etc., sometimes translated as "log palisade," or "big stakes
place."
Snipsic Pond, Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, abbreviation of
moshenupsuc "the great outlet."
235
Soadabscook Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, ''place of large,
water-smoothed rocks." See Sowadabscook.
Soakatuck see Saugatuck.
Soansacut see Moswansacut. Also spelled Soansarut.
Sobagwa the Atlantic Ocean. Abnaki, "salt water." See also
Sebago.
Sobscook Nichols Rock, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki? MicmacP
''rock around which the tide current appears to boil."
Socatean Stream, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, "divided into
two parts."
Sockanosset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
dark-colored earth."
Sockanosset Cross Road and Hill, Providence County, R. I.
Narragansett, Sockanoco was a Narragansett chief. Possible
meaning, "dark colored land."
Sockhigones An old name for the lower Saco River and its valley,
in York County, Me.
Soggahannego Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "where the river
enters the ocean sea." Said to be the home of Samoset,
q. V.
Soghali Menahan Piscataquis County, Me. English- Abnaki,
"sugar island." Modem Abnaki substitute L for R, hence
soghal or soogle for sugar; Mali for Mary, etc.
Sogkunate Point, River and Village, Newport County, R. I.
Narragansett, "haunt of the black goose," or "land at outlet,"
or a cognate of sackahickneyah (Delaware), "a path along the
seashore."?
Sokones Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "dark earth."
See Sockanosset.
Sokoquois Riviere des; the Connecticut River. Abnaki? Penna-
cook? modified by French, "south people's river." So named
on Aubery's 1715 map.
Solikuk Isle au Haut, Hancock County, Me. Micmac or Malecite,
"place of shells." This seems questionable; Captain John
Smith called this Sorico, perhaps Sonico, from hassun-ohke,
"stony place. "[?]
Sologismoodik Five-Island Falls, Penobscot County, Me. Old
Abnaki? "depression-place," or "ravine-place."?
236
Somersic Rattlesnake Hill, Hartford County, Conn. This is really
a water-name, not a hill-name; probably Wangimk, "at the
large outlet." Also Somasick and Meshomasick.
Sonanoxet Island, Fox Island Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "crushed by heavy stones," as in a deadfall trap?
More likely, "place too stony to dig with hoes," or "little
stony place."
Songo Pond, Oxford County, Me. Mohegan, "cold water."
Sonkipaugsuck Hartford County, Conn. Wangimk, "outlet of
cold brook."
Sonkpog New London County, Conn. Western Niantic, "cold
pond."
Sonoogawanock River, Coos County, N. H. See Sigwooganock.
Sooneybeag Pond, Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "stones in pond."
Also Sooneybek.
Soongapog New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "cold spring."
Soucook River, now Israel River, Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki,
"rocky place" (Another stream of same name in Merrimack
County.) But see Sigwooganock.
Souhegan River, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "southwest
river," also "watching place."
Souhegan River, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook, "watching
place; still-water fishing." Also Souheganock.
Souneunk Stream, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "(extensive ?)
rapid stream."? See Sourdnahunk.
Sourdnahunk Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "extensive
rapid stream."
Sowadabscook River, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the
place of sloping ledges," or "smooth sloping rocky banks."
Sowames see Sowams.
Sowampsett Pond and River, Bristol County, R. I. Wampanoag,
"at the place of red rocks." Also Soewompsit, etc.
Sowams Bristol County, R. I. Wampanoag, "stony plain path" ?
or "southwest place." But see Sowamsett. Also Sohomes.
Sowamsett River, Plymouth County, Mass. Narragansett, "at or
in the south country," or "stony plain," or "beach trees." ?
This is possibly Metacom's "Southwest Place."
237
Sowangan Island, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "the bald
eagle." Another spelling, Sowungun.
Sowanoxet Island, Fox Island, Washington County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "place of small shells?" See Sonanoxet.
Sowcook Cheshire County, N. H. Ahnaki, "sloping ground," or
"descending land." Also translated as "outlet place;" see
Saco. Variant Sowcoog.
Sowheage Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "South-
land" or "South Sachemdom." Sowheag was a sachem of the
Wangunks, known also as Sequin, which may signify that
he was the last of a large group; he sold land in 1635.
Sowhigginock same as Saco. See also Skowhegan.
Sowhomes see Sowams.
Sowniganock Coos County, N. H. Ahnaki, "to the south going"
(trail).
Sowockatuck a Sokoki (Abnaki) village on Saco River, noted
by John Smith, 1616. Ahnaki, "country around the river
outlet."
Sozap Nebees Joe's Pond, Caledonia County, Vt. Ahnaki, "Jo-
seph's Pond." "Indian Joe" was a Revolutionary character
who aided the Continentals.
Spednic Falls, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "visible, but
shut in by mountains."
Spoart Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "large cove." See
Espowet.
Squabage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "red pond."
Squakheag Windham County, Vt. ; Franklin County, Mass. ; and
Cheshire County, N. H. Ahnaki, "watching place," similar
to Skowhegan, Me. This name has been the subject of much
research, but "watching place" seems to be the best trans-
lation. Other possibilities include roots indicating "red rocks,"
"black swamp-earth," "quaking bogs," "forearm," "tears,"
etc.; but the history, territory and etymology all point to
"waiting, watching," and"spearing fish." This was one of King
Philip's last rallying places, 1675-1676.
Squakheague Washington County, R. I. See Squakheag.
Squam River, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "at the end (or top)
of the rock."
238
Squam Head, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, either "at
the summit, or end of rock," or (less likely) an abbreviation
of mishquammanock, "salmon."
Squam Lakes and Mountain, Carroll and Grafton Counties, N. H.
Abnaki, "salmon."
Squamagonic (also Gonic) Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki,
"salmon spearing place."
Squamcut Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "red earth,"
or "salmon place."
Squamicuck New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "salmon
fishing place." Variants M'squamicook, Squammacut.
Squamicut see Squammicott and Misquamicuck.
Squammicott Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "salmon
fishing place."
Squamokwisseeboo Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"salmon in little stream."
Squamscott Bloody Point, Rockingham County, N. H. Pennacook,
"at the end of the rocks," or "red rocks."
Squamscut Bog, Hillsboro County, N. H. Abnaki, "place at the
end of the rocks," or "red rocks."
Squannacook River, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "green
place," or possibly "place for taking salmon, or for catching
bream?"
Squannacook River, Worcester County, Mass. Possibly a corrup-
tion of Natick, Squamacook, "salmon fishing place,"? or "in
the season of gardens," or "green place" ?
Squannahonk Swamps, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett,
"green place." Other spellings Squannakonk, Skwannakonk,
etc.
Squannequeest Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
where mud ends."
Squanticook Brook, Franklin County, Mass. Pennacook, "place
of the green brook." See Squenatock.
Squantuck New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "at the end or
branch of the river." See Wesquantook.
Squantum anciently a village in Cheshire County, N. H. Natick,
"angry god;" but if the spelling is correctly Squontam the
translation is "door, or gateway."
239
Squautum Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "a door or gate,"
also Narragansett, "angry god." A Wampanoag named
Squantum, or Squanto, was the interpreter for Massasoit
in 1620.
Squapan Lake, Mountain and Village, Aroostook County, Me.
Abnaki, '^bear's den."
Squapnassutte New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "place at
the top rocks," or "between rocks" ? Possibly "red rocks."
See also Squibnockel.
Squatesit Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "red place," or
"red brook." ?
Squattock Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "trout river."
Squaw a multitude of topographical features, such as Squaw
Peak, Squaw Pond, Squaw Rock, etc., are scattered throughout
New England. They all stem from a cognate Narragansett-
Natick-Nipmuck term, squaw, esqua, eskwaw, meaning "a
female, one of womankind." In common usage, this refers to
an Indian woman, or an Indian's wife. The word is a fe-
minine suffix for nouns, as "Kinjames," and "Kinjamesqua."
Squaw Bally Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, mixed with
English? "One of womankind; a female," but Bally may be
a modification of Betty. See Squaw Betty.
Squaw Betty Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag; Squaw Betty
was the name of a Wampanoag woman, Sausaman, the wife
of Nanooswanum. She inherited a large tract of land from
her father, Paumatuck Quasuk, in 1673.
Squazodek Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "a lookout place"
or "waiting-place."
Squenatock Brook, Franklin County Mass. Pocumtuck, "long
stream" ? See Squanticook, "red stream," from m' squenatock?
Squepaug Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "red pond"
if from misqiie paug; "end of pond" if from usque paug.
Squeteague Harbor, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"the weakfish," or "the gluey one." This fish is also called
chequit.
Squibuocket Point and Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the place of red (or black) rocks." Possibly "sticky earth,
(or clay) cliff."
240
Squidrayset Creek, Cumberland County, Me. Named for Chief
Squidrayset, of Salem, Mass. Variants, Squiddera Gusset,
Squitheragusset, Squintregust, etc.
Squimonk Pond, York County, Me. Abnaki, "red fish place,"
probably salmon. This was Bonnabeg Pond.
Squitcomegek Falls, Knox County, Me. Abnaki, "at the long ridge.''
Squog Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook, an abbreviation of
Piscataquog, "at the river branch."
Squog Kane Kaneek Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "cold
water spring," "spring at big rock," or "big fishing place
at rock." Perhaps from Musquaquag Konet, "red, or wide
swamp enclosed place"? or "big refuge place."?
Squontonk Brook, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "red
river" ? or "place of red earth." ?
Squotuck Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis? "red river" ? or
"place of red earth." ?
Statuckquett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
source of the creek;" or perhaps "place of no trees."
Stockbridge Indians; see Mahican.
Subecwangamook Hadley's Lake, Washington County, Me.
Old Abnaki? "portage or trail toward the salt water," and
"portage or trail toward the large body of water."
Succanesset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
black shells," (for wampum)? or "bass-fishing place?" or
"early summer place" ? See Sockanosset.
Succotash Point, in Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"shelled corn kernels separated from the cob and beaten to
a pulp." (Modern succotash has beans in it.)
Suchow Hampshire County, Mass. Perhaps from Chinese, but if
Indian, possibly Nipmuck, "between the hills," or "dark
colored lands," or "big hill" or "rocky hill."
Suckatunkanuck Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"dark colored earth (or rocks) at the summit."
Suckiaug Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog, "muddy land" or
"dark colored land" or "black earth." Variants Sicaiock,
Suckiagge, Sicaogg.
Suckquackheag Franklin County, Mass. Pennacook? "black
swamp, or dark, miry place." See Squakheag,.... y.
i6 241
Sucktequesite Plymouth County, Mass. Wamfanoag, "at or
near the small dark river," or "at the outlet of the small
river."
Sugalmanahan Sugar Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"sugar island." See Soghali Menahan.
Suker Pond, Providence County, R. I. If Indian, probably from
Narragansett, "it pours forth."
Sumpauge Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Narragansett, or
Nipmiick, "male beaver," or "pond with small stones; a
gravelly pond."
Sunapee Hill, Hampden County, Mass. Pennacook, "rocks in
the water," or "stony pond."
Sunapee Lakes, Merrimack and Sullivan Counties, N. H. Penna-
cook, "rocky pond."
Simcook Mountains, Belknap County, and Pond, Rockingham
County, N. H. Pennacook, "rock place."
Suncook Rivers, Merrimack County, N. H. and Oxford County,
Me. Abnaki, "at the rocky place." Also Suncoog.
Sungahnee took Lewis Creek, Addison County, Vt. Abnaki, "fish
weir river" or Mahican, "wolf trap river."
Sunkataradimk mouth of Kennebec River, Sagadahoc County,
Me. Abnaki, "concealed outlet of large swift currents." See
Sunkaze.
Sunkatunkarunk same as Sunkataradunk, Suukaradunk, etc.
Sunkaze Rips and Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "con-
cealed outlet."
Sunkeath see Sawkhead.
Sunkipaug New London County, Conn. Western Niantic, "cold
pond."
Sunmuckquommuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "ex-
tended plantation."
Sunsicke Hills, Franklin County, Mass. Pocumtuck, "at the
stony place," or Pennacook, "boulder brook."
Suntaug Lake, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "stony ground," or
"place of boulders."
Suponic Pond, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, same as Chibanook
and Saponac, "big opening."
242
Susquesong Cousin's Island, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki,
"muddy place/'
Susquetomscut Brook, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at
the place of mixed rocks and mud," or possibly "muddy
stream flowing near (or over) rocks." Also Suskotomscot and
Susquoetomscutt; possibly "place of the red ledges."
Sussgussugg see Susquesong, Sisquissic and Sysquissett.
Sutamachute see Setamachut.
Sutquin same as Seguin.
Swackadock Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "swift stream
outlet place." Similar to Sagadahoc.
Swagadahock this name apparently was applied by early ex-
plorers to the Saco, the Kennebec and other Maine rivers at
their mouths. The general meaning is "pouring forth at outlet
place."
Swam cot see Misquamicut, R. I.
Swammicott Valley, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"south plantation."
Swampscott Essex County, Mass. and River in Rockingham
County, N. H. Natick, "at the place of the red rocks."
Swango Island, Sagadahoc County, Me. Abnaki, "an eagle"?
Swank wahiganus Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "little bell,
or chimes," so named for a small English early settler named
Bell; Indians would say, "Let's stop at Little Bell's place."
Sweecktaconet see Sneechteconnet.
Swegotchy see Oswegatchie.
Swegustagoe River, Roy all's River, Cumberland County, Me.
Abnaki, "mouth of the river."
Swichichog New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place to get
clams"? or "dark earth?"
Sybaik see Sebayek.
Syenpauge see Sympaug.
Sympaug Brook and Pond, Fairfield County, Conn. Possibly
Paugussett or Western Niantic, from sumhupaog, "beavers."
Sysladobsis Lake, see Sisladobsis.
Sysquissett Cousin's River, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki,
"muddy place," or "muddy stream."
i6* 243
-T-
Taascamessick Bennington County, Vt. Mohican, ''small crossing
place," or ''small ford'' (across the Walloomsac).
Tabamapaug Pond, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "this
pond is sufficient," ? or, more likely, "clear or shallow pond."
See Paugamaug and Paugeamapauge; also Taubakonommock.
Tabusintac Stream, Washington County, Me. Micmac, "two by
two," or "they go in pairs;" possibly silver eels.
Tabuttantam Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "he gives
thanks."
Taccomhuit Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "he who
strikes" (repeated blows) See also Takemmy.
Tachamugus Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "forest bear,"
or "digging bear" ? From the name of an Indian. Possibly
the same as Terramuggus, q. v.
Tachannike Berkshire County, Mass. Delaware? This is Zeis-
berger's name for the Taconic Mountains, translated as "full
of timber."
Tacoma Lake, Kennebec County, Me. Nisqually [of Washington
state], "snow covered, or great white breast." By that
state's legislative decree, "Mountain That Was a God."
Possibly applied locally by a returning early traveler [?].
Taconic this name is applied to many features of the topography
of New England, particularly mountains (e. g., Mt. Wash-
ington, in Mass.). The derivation is unclear; it may be from
Mohican or Notick, meaning "steep ascent," "small field or
plantation in the forest," or "forest." Variants, Tachannike,
Taghkannuc, Taughkanghnick, etc.
Taconic Mountains, Bennington County, Vt. Notick, "ladder," or
"steep ascent." (But Tooker says, "field in the woods.") Vari-
ant, Tachonaeg.
Taconic Mountains and Trail, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican,
see above.
Taconnet River, Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the wading
place, or ford."
Tacook Penobscot County, Me. Abnoki, "waves."
Tadmuck Brook and Meadow, Middlesex County, Mass. Notick,
"wading-place." L. K. Gahan says, "blueberry place."
244
Taghkanick Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "forest" or
"wilderness;"? if Tohkonick, "enough water."
Taghkannuc Mountain, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "wild
lands," ? "forest" ? Spelled also Taughkanghnick.
Taghommay Middlesex County, Conn. Western Niantic, "corn
grinding path." See also Takemmy.
Tagwahogan York County, Me. Modem Abnaki, "a corn mill"
or "grinding instrument, for grains." See Nokhigan.
Tagwesi Menahol Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, literally "twin
islands."
Tagwonk New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "a stone
mortar" for grinding grain and acorns. Also Tagwoimcke,
Tagunk, Tangwonk, Togguhwhonk, etc; see Takemmy.
Tahanock Knox County, Me. Micmac, "toward the open sea;"
this is on Simanca's Map, 1610.
Tahanto Point, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, possible
meaning "principal point or neck of land." George Tahanto
was chief of the Nashaway in 1700.
Tahonwenta Grand Isle County, Vt. Mohawk? "canoe launching,"
"where one drops a canoe into it."
Tahwomp Place, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "white dug-
things (white jack-in-the-pulpit roots)"? or "white digger"?
Takebi-suk Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "at the place of the
cold water (spring)." This one is at Cold Stream, Enfield.
Takekomuit Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of the
spring," or perhaps "fountain."
Takemmy Trail, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, probably,
"trail to the corn-meal mill," or "the com grinding path"
(togguhum-mai) ; or possibly "camp field" (tetant-komet, or
tuppuksinnoonk) ,
Takwangan York County, Me. Old Abnaki, "crush by repeated
strokes," that is, using a* rockj'pestle to crush com. Also
Taggwangun.
Talagodissek Treat- Webster Island. Penobscot County, Me. Ab-
naki, "painting place for squaws." Also spelled Tallagodisik.
Talaquya Bristol County, Mass. No suitable New England roots
seem to apply. Perhaps this name is a transplant from
Tahlequah, the Cherokee capital in Oklahoma ?
245
Talhanio Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "low meadow."
Tallawanda Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "hoarse voiced
ones;" that is, "bitterns or cranes."
Tamarack Road, Litchfield County, Conn, and Pond in Coos
County, N. H. Possibly of Indian origin; the name is in
common use for certain larches and pines.
Tamescot Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "ale wife place."
Tamesuck the Thames outlet. New London County, Conn.
English-Mohegan, "Thames outlet." See Sepos-Tamesuck.
Tamett Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "flooded
place," or "low place."
Tammesham Hampden County, Mass. Narragansett, "my wife,"
(my wife's place?). Also Nummetawamus.
Tamonquas Brook, Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, "a
beaver."
Tamtashua Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "summit of the
mountain."
Tanipus Pond, Hillsboro County, N. H. Natick, "a tortoise" ?
or "herring" ?
Tankeroosen Brook; see Tunkahoosen.
Tankiteke Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican? "forest dwellers."
Tantaquidgeon Lodge, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
meaning lost. The Tantaquidgeons were prominent in Mohegan
tribal affairs. One man of the name still survives (i960).
Tantiusque Worcester County, Mass. Mohegan, from the name
of Chief Tantaquieson, or Tantaquidgeon, q. v.
Taphamshashack River, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac,
"at the place of cold springs." Also found as Tappanshashick,
Tappunshasic, etc.
Taphance Fairfield County, Conn. If Paug^issett, possibly "he
buys" or "he is satisfied." But more probably Siwanoy or
Wappinger, "cold spring."
Taquahunga Falls, Franklin County, Vt. Mohawk, "haunt of
bitterns."
Tarratine Village, Somerset County, Me. The Tarratines were
Micmacs from Nova Scotia, who invaded and controlled
parts of Maine around 1600. It is doubtful that the word is of
Indian origin, although southern New England Indians in
246
the 1600 's were said to have called the Abnaki Tarratines,
or Taretyns. The Puritans used this term also in referring to
the Abnaki, and the contemporary Malecite call the Penobscot
by the same name.
Tashima Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the great (or
principal) spring."
Tashmoo Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "big spring,"
or perhaps "deserted pond."
Tashmuit Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the great
spring."
Tashnuc Spring, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "deserted
place."
Tashua see Tamtashua.
Tassacaumet Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the deserted
beach."
Tassacauset Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
abandoned carrying place (or portage)." But see Tassacaumet.
Tataesset Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "near the thing
that rolls on an axis;" the "rocking-stone place."
Tatamuckatakis Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "little mea-
dow trembles (when you walk on it)."
Tatetuck Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "principal stream."
Tatnic Brook and Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at
the great hill."
Tatnit Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the great hill."
Another spelling, Tatnuck.
Tatnock Marshes, York County, Me. Abnaki, "at the shaking
place," or "quivering meadows."
Tatomuck Brook, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "trembling
meadow." Variants, Tatomok, Tomuk, etc.
Tattahassun Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the top of the
shaking or rocking boulder."
Tattamacuntaway River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"place of trembling bogs."
Tattamasket Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "winding
around place," or perhaps "berry place." Also Tatumasket.
Tattaquamock-pangok Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Pau-
gussett? Mahican? "pond in the boggy trembling meadow."
247
Tatuppequaog New London County, Conn. Peqiiot, "level, open
land that trembles" when walked on. Boggy land along the
Thames River, near Mohegan Village. Probably abbreviated
from Tattaquannockpancook.
Taubakonommock Hill, New London County, Conn. Western
Niantic, "place where there are many lamprey eels." Given
also as Tabaconomock, Konomok, etc.
Tauchaug Meadow, Hartford County, Conn. Tiinxis, "land at the
brook."
Taughkannuc see Taconic.
Taukonnock see Taconic.
Taupagoh River, now Williams River, Berkshire County, Mass.
Mohican, "an isolated or solitary pond;" or Natick, "satis-
factory pond," or possibly "wise speaking."
Taupoowaumsett Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the place of wise counsel," or "here they preached;"
possibly "deserted meadow."
Tausakaust see Tassacauset.
Tauseguse Oxford County?, Me. Old Ahnaki? "upon the back,"
i.e., carrying goods over a portage.
Tauskounk Meadow, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "a ford
or wading-place;" possibly the site of a bridge. Variants,
Toskiounke, Toskeunke, etc.
Tautemco Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "camp field."
Variant, Tawtemko. See also Takemmy.
Ta wak be dee eeso Wadso Camel's Hump, Washington County,
Vt. Ahnaki, "prudently, we make a campfire in a circle near
water (and rest) at this mountain." Given by Rowland Rob-
inson as "resting place, or sit down place, mountain."
Tawawag New London County, Conn. Mohegan-Pequot, "useless
or abandoned lands." Also found as Tawawog. (The Indians
near New London moved away from these fields sometime
before 1650).
Tchebatigosak Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "crossing at the
separated place;" or freely, "crossing which does not take so
long." Sometimes given as "crossing at the boundary."
Tchobacco Lake; see Chebacco.
248
Teapanock Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"ai the great clearing,'' or "at the great cove." Found also
as Teapanocke, Teapannock, Tepanock, etc.
Teaticket Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''at the prin-
cipal tidal stream." Also, Tecticut, Tehticut, etc.
Teckyadoughinyariga the Narrows at Chimney Point, Addison
County, Vt., and Crown Point, N. Y. Mohawk, "two points
of land standing opposite each other."
Teckyadough Nigarige The Narrows on Lake Champlain near
Charlotte, Vt., and Essex, N. Y. Mohawk, "two points of
land which have come close together." Also Teckyadough
Nigarege.
Teconnet same as Taconnet, q. v.
Tecumseh Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. Shawnee, "I cross
somebody's path." The great warrior here commemorated
was also called Meteor, and Crouching Panther: he lived
1768-1813.
Teddon, Tadden, Toddin, etc., Piscataquis County, Me. These are
various English slurrings of the Ahnaki Katahdin, "principal
mountain."
Tegoak Rapids, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "waves." This
is "the cook" or "cauldron" at the Old Town. Modifications
of this word are used as "river-water driven by waves."
Teightaquid Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "principal land,
or island."
Teikiming Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a fountain," or
"cool springs place." Given also as Tockiming.
Tekebisek anciently a village near Cold River, Cheshire County,
N. H. Ahnaki, "at the place of the cold water spring." Also
given as Ticopeesok, the Abnaki spring.
Telastinis Lake, "Little Telos;" see Pataquongamis.
Telos Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Now called Patawee-
kongomoc, q. v. Probably not Indian; some guides say it is
Tea-los, "without tea," since there is a Coffee-los lake nearby.
A most likely suggestion is that Telos is from Greek, meaning
"far," "ultimate," or "the end."
Telosinis Lake ; see Pataquongamis.
Temahkwecook Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "beaver place."
But see Maewahoc.
249
Temiscouata Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "bottomless,"
or "exceedingly deep all around." See Tommy Squatter.
Tepenegine near Sheepscot River, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki,
"head of the island."
Tepikamicut Plymouth County, Mass. Wamfanoag, "at the great
clearing." Also Tippecummicut.
Teqiienoman see No Man's Land.
Terramuggus Lake, Hartford County, Conn. This is the name of a
Wangiink chief. Another form, Tachamuggus, suggests
"forest bear," or "digging bear." He sold land here in 1662.
Tetaukinmio Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "principal
cool spring." But one authority says, "boggy place around
a big spring;" another, "camp field spring."
Tetiquet see Titicut.
Tewissicke same as Capisic, q. v.
Texas Falls, Addison County, Vt. Hasinai (a Southwestern
tribe), "a friend, an ally."
Tgawistaniyonteh St. Anne's Mission, Grand Isle County, Vt.
Mohawk, "there a bell is suspended." There are legends of
similar places at Lake St. Catherine, Rutland County, and at
Ferrisburg, Addison County, Vt.
Tiasquam River, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, from the
name of Metacom's great warrior, Tiashq, or Tuspaquin.
Sometimes translated as "big salmon," or "red feather."
See Tisquaquin.
Ticklenaked Pond, Caledonia County, Vt. It is very doubtful
that this hilarious name is of Indian origin ; if so, it is possibly
a much modified Delaware word meaning "beaver kittens
here."[?]
Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain opposite Shoreham, Addison
County, Vt., where Lake George spills into Lake Champlain.
Mohawk, "where two currents or rivers join."
Ticonic Falls; see Taconnet.
Tieronderaquegon Lake Champlain near West Haven, Rutland
County, Vt. Mohawk, "lake closed in, where two rivers are
stopped up," or more grammatically, "two rivers without
an outlet;" South River of Lake Champlain and Wood
Creek.
250
Tihonet Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''at the
abode of crane or bittern." Also Tionet.
Tioga Hill and River, Belknap County, N. H. Oneida, "at the
river forks."
Tiogue Lake, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett? "low
place" or "low land," or if Tiohquonque, "it is low." (If
borrowed from New York, see Tioga.)
Tiowawaye Third Lake, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki? "empty
your canoes," ? or "sit in the stern of your canoes." ?
Tippecansett Pond, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
great clearing." Variants Tipecanset, Tippecan, Tippeca-
naunit, etc.
Tirsick perhaps York County, Me. ? Old Abnaki, "at the bend or
curve in the stream" ?
Tiscatuck Swamp, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"at the ford, or wading-place." Variant, Tiscatuk.
Tishcottic Swamp, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the wading place, or ford." Also Tishcottic.
Tismattuck Washington County, R. L, and New London County,
Conn. Eastern Niantic? "wading place," or "crude bridge over
the river," or "river over which we cross on a driftwood bridge."
Also Tismatuck.
Tisquaquin Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, a chief
called also Watuspaquin. The English called him "The Black
Sachem," but the name means "big dark feather," or "black
plume." He was killed in King Philip's War, 1676.
Tist Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "a bridge," or "a fording
place." Sometimes Tisk.
Titicus Village, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place without
trees."
Titicut Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "the principal
river."
Titicut Village, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
great tidal river."
Titticut Road, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of the
principal (or great) river."
Tittituck the Blackstone River, Bristol and Plymouth Counties,
Mass. Wampanoag, "the great, or principal river."
251
T'Kopesuck the large spring at Indian Point, Hancock County,
Me. Abnaki, "large cold spring place."
T'makwa Sibo Cheshire County, N. H. Abnaki, literally "beaver
brook."
Toantik Pond, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "wading
place."
Toaskeimck Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "a bridge (made
of wood)"?
Tobago Pond. A misspelling of Sebago, q. v.
Tobaskick Falls, York County, Me. Abnaki, "cold water springs."
Tobegewock Pond, York County, Me. Abnaki, "rapid current at
the outlet."
Tobyan Swamp, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"camp"? Perhaps this was a refuge camp?
Tockiming Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of gushing
springs, or fountain."
Tockwotton Hill, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "steep
ascent to be climbed" ? or "shaped like a pounding mortar?"
Togue Ponds and Ledges, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki? The
togue is the same as the namaycush, or nammycush (meaning
"long fish") — the large deepwater lake trout, Cristivomer
namaycush. See Tuladi.
Togus Lakes, River, Stream and Village, Kennebec County, Me.
Old Abnaki, "brook (entering cove)" or "little stream." See
Wallamatogus and Togue.
Tohke commumwachak Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "springs
at the lookout place," or "fountain near the mountain."
Toikiming Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the mill,"
or "at the gushing spring" ?
Tokanock see Taconnet.
Tokekommiinwadchuck Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"gushing spring at the lookout mountain."
Tokenake Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "the forest," literally,
"tree-land." Chief Tokenake sold land here in 1640.
Tokopissett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "little wilder-
ness place."
Tolam Cumberland County, Me. Old Abnaki, "canoes on sand"?
or "a canoe landing place" ?
252
Tolbabawk Orange County, Vt. Abnaki, ''snapping turtle
pond."
Tolbuntbessek Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "turtle head,"
a rock at Hampden.
Tomah Stream, Washington County, Me. Either Micmac, "pipe
rock;" Abnaki, "deep;" or Natick, "it is flooded." Any of
these could apply. See Tomahegan.
Tomah Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, probably from
the name of the minor Chief Tomah. See Tomah Stream.
Tomahegan Pond, now Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis County,
Me. Old Abnaki, "deep drag," from temi-isquattan, "deep
all around," or possibly an import from Connecticut. See
Higganum, Takwangan and Tomhegan.
Tomakergo Fairfield County, Conn. Paugiissett, "flood tide."
Tomaquag Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"they who cut" (beavers). Variants, Tommaquag, Tom-
moeweague, Tummunkque, etc.
TomLegewoc Pond; Bering Pond, York County, Me. Abnaki,
"place of the rocky reef in the pond."
Tomhamiock Creek, Bennington County, Vt. Natick? "full up"
or "brimming;" or, "it is flooded."
Tomhamnmucke Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "it is
flooded," or "at the overflowed place." Also translated as
"place of grinding," or "mortar place."
Tomhegan Pond, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki, "an axe." See
Higganum and Tomahegan.
Tomheganompsket Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "at the
axe (or tomahawk) stone quarry." See Higganum.
Tomhollisick Brook, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "samp
mortar brook," or "grinding place."
Tommy Squatter fishing spots in deep water near Thompson's
Point, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki, "deep water all
around here," temi isquattam.
Tomoek River, Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy, "flooded."
Tonemy Hill or Tonnemony Hill, York County, Me. Abnaki
(abbreviated), "red paint source." See Wannametoname.
Tonisset Neck, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "pine place."
Variants, Tonissit, Tuisset, etc.
253
Tonomy Hill, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, from the
name of a sachem of Acquidneck ; see Wannemetonomy.
Tonquewack a summit in the Russell Mountains, Somerset
County, Me. Abnaki, "great top place."
Tonset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "hill-place."
Another source makes this an abbreviation of Annusau-
tonset, "hoed garden place."
Took-sunk Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "wading place" or
"ford." (Orperhaps "wading place where they trod out clams.")
Topabskwa Split Rock (in Lake Champlain) between Chittenden
County, Vt., and Essex, N. Y. Abnaki, "the split or cloven
rock." This was an important boundmark between Mohawk
and Abnaki territories.
Topamisspauge (now Randall's Pond) Washington County, R. I.
Narragansett, "little camp at a pond"? or if Topansissipaug,
"little twisting river pond" ?
Topeent an ancient village near Boston? Natick? "he encamps,"
or "abandoned, deserted" ? ?
Toquams Fairfield County, Conn. Paugiissett, "round rock."
Toquamske Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "round rock,"
or "heavy rock."
Torube Pond, Knox County, Me. Old Abnaki, "snapping-turtle,"
Chelydra serpentina, or (along the coast) a large sea-turtle,
a terrapin. Also any of the edible Emydidae inhabiting
fresh or brackish water. In Montauk dialect, torup; in Dela-
ware, tulpe.
Torup Pond, New Haven County, Conn. QuinnipiacP Mohegan?
"snapping-turtle," or "terrapin." See Tolbabawk, Toulbah,
Torube.
Toskaunk Meadow, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "a bridge,"
or "a ford." Also Toskeunke, Toskiounke, etc.
Toskibunke Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "a wooden
bridge."
Totant An ancient village near Boston, Suffolk County, Mass.
Same as Topeent? or possibly from Natick, "(the stream)
winds about." ?
Totapoag Norfolk County, Mass. An ancient Massachusetts
village. Natick, "twisted pond."
254
Totawamscut Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the crossing,
by means of (stepping) stones."
Totheet Suffolk County, Mass. An ancient village near Boston.
Probably same as Topeent, but possibly Natick, ''beating
place," where wild flax was beaten, or corn pounded?
Totoket Mountain, New Haven County, Conn. Western Niantic,
"on the great tidal stream." Variant, Totocott, Titicut, q. v.
Totomak Brook, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "a, meadow
that trembles" when walked on.
Totonnock Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, ''shaking or quaking
place," or "a quaky place, a bog."
Touissett Neck, Bristol County, R. I. Narragansett, "fording
place." Another source gives "worn-out fields." ?
Touisset Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fording place."
Toulbah Mountains, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "snapping
turtle." See Torup.
Touskounkanet Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "an en-
closure near the (stone) fording place." See Totawamscut.
Towansett Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the
wading place (or ford)." Same as Touisset and Toweset.
Towantic Village, New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "wading
place in the river," or "ford across the river."
Towantuck Pond, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "fording
place in the river," or "at the wading place."
Towcocks Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "cold place" or
"cold weather;" or possibly "at the wading place."
Towequensuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the
long wading-place," or "at the long ford."
Toweset Neck, Mount Hope Bay, Bristol County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "near the old fields"? or "at the place of pines"?
See Touisset.
Towessek Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki, "broken passage."
Also Tussek.
Towtaid Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "open, solitary,
deserted field."
Towtenhemon Hartford County, Conn. Ttmxis, named after the
Sachem of Poquonnock, Towtenhemon, circa 1650.
255
Towimucksett River, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
ford." Another meaning, "bridge of stepping stones," or
possibly "mortar place;" where corn was pounded.
Towwoh York County, Me. Ahnaki? "corn grinding place"? or
"damp place?" But see Towessek. Variant, Towow.
Toyaskquit River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
of the bridge."
Toyusk New London County, Conn. Narragansett, "a bridge."
Formerly a crude stepping-stones arrangement near
Groton.
Tsabakwa Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "I hide my provisions,"
or, "I cache my food."
Tuck Mountain, Waldo County, Me. Doubtful; if Indian, prob-
ably Ahnaki, "a tree." But more likely from English.
Tuckachawan Windham County, Conn. Nifmuck, "mist over the
wooded hill."
Tuckernuck Island, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a
round loaf of bread," because of its appearance. (It also
resembles togguwhonk, "a mortar;" and it lies among ketah
tugooak, "great waves.") Also, Tuckanuck, Tuckonoc.
Tueskennckinck R. I., location uncertain. Probably Narragansett,
"a fording place."
Tug several mountains by this name in New England. All of them
derive from the Natick word m'tughk, "a tree." A Maine
locale may be from the cognate Ahnaki, meaning "a tree,"
or possibly, "river."
Tugemaug Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "place of grinding."
Tuladi Brook, Aroostook County, Me. MaleciteP "the nammy-
cush?" See Togue.
Tulamdie River, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki? MaleciteP
"canoe on the sandbar."
Tulanic Stream, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "place where
they make canoes."
Tumpum Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "carrying
strap" ? (possibly English "hillocks" or "heaps" ?)
Tunipus Beach and Pond, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett,
"tortoise, or turtle." Another source says "small herring."
Any of these would fit.
256
Tunk Lake, Mountain and Stream, Hancock County, Me. Ahnaki,
"principal or large swift stream," abbreviated from k't-hunk;
possibly English.
Tunkahoosen Brook, Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "fast
flowing brook" ? or "fast flowing gravelly stream" ?
Tunxis Hill, Fairfield County, Conn. Wangunk, little river."
Perhaps abbreviation of Tunckseasapose, "fast flowing and
winding stream."
Tunxis River, Hartford County, Conn. See Tunxis-sepos.
Tunxishoag Tunxis Island, New Haven County, Conn. Pau-
gussett, "at the place of the small stream." Another account
of this place indicates the name was tuckahoe (Indian turnip
or Jack-in-the-pulpit), roots which could be roasted and
eaten like bread.
Tunxis-sepos Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "fast flowing
little stream."
Tuppatuett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "twisting river,"
or possibly "twisted outlet"?
Turramuggus see Terramuggus.
Tuscomanset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fording
place at the point."
Tuskatucket River, Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
ford (or wading place) in the tidal stream."
Tuskheganuck New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "where we
cross the river by wading." Also Tusheganuck.
Tuttomnest Neck, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"twisted place." Another source gives "blueberry place."
Tuxis or Tooksees New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "little
stream," or "little river."
Tuxisshoag Pond New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "land
at the little river." Variants, Tuxishocke, Tuxishog, Tuchs-
hishhoag.
Tyetilegogtakook the Batten Kill, Bennington County, Vt.
Mahican? "country around the river of toads." ?
Tyontkathotha Mount Philo, Chittenden County, Vt. Mohawk,
"lookout place."
Tzawapa Knox County, Me. Old Abnaki, "a crossing place in a
river or stream," that is, "a ford." Also Tzawipi.
17 257
-u-
Ucka times Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small
neck at the end."
Ueques Worcester County, Mass. Nipmiick? Mohegan? "this is
the end, or boundary."
Uhquanchaug Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the end of
the hill," or possibly "hook-shaped hill."
Uhuio New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "it curves and
winds about." Also Uhuhyock.
Uhiiponckash New London County, Conn. ? Western Niantic,
"pipes for tobacco (ceremonial pipes?)." See Calumet.
Ukquiessa Neck, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end."
Ulmsaket Ponds, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite, "where the
points meet each other." See Umsaskis.
Umbagog Lake, Oxford County, Me., and Coos County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "clear lake." Also Umbagoog. See Wambighe.
Umbawaug Pond, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett; Umpewag
was an Indian chief who signed a deed for Stamford lands in
1660. Perhaps the name meant "conqueror, to whom tribute is
brought." Also Umpawag, Umpawaug, Umpewaug.
Umbazookgkus Stream, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "clear,
gravelly outlet."
Umcolcus Deadwater Lake and Stream, Penobscot and Aroostook
Counties, Maine. Ahnaki, "a whistling duck." Variants, Um-
eolquis, Umcoleus, Umkolkwees, etc.
Umpaehene River, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, said to be
derived from the name of a chief. Sometimes translated as
"top man," sometimes as "conqueror."
Umpame Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "resting place,"
or perhaps "turn around."
Umpammonoosuc Brook, now Oliverian Stream, Grafton County,
N. H. Ahnaki, "at the bare (treeless) extended deep outlet."
Umpanawang Hill and Pond, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett,
"beyond the bend," or if Umpanamaug, "beyond the fishing
place."
Umpewage Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "beyond the
bend."
258
Umpog Creek, Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "a fishing
place" ? or ''beyond the bend" ?
Umsaskis Lake, Aroostook County, Me. Malecite, "points which
run out to meet each other," or in reference to the chain of
ponds there, "linked together like sausages." Variants,
Umasaskis and Ulmsaket.
Urns qua quospem Washington County, Me. Malecite, "first lake" we
come to, going upstream; Big Machias Lake, or Lower Sabao.
Umsquattanack Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
beaver or muskrat domes," or perhaps "rocks sloping down
place," also "place at the end of the village or mountain."
Unaganek Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "at the portage,"
near Lubec.
Uncachewalunk Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "brook
at the end of the hill," (where we make dishes?), or "place
of acorns," ? or "place beyond the good hill." Also spelled
Uncachewhalomaug and Uncachewalumock.
Uncanoomuc Mountain, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook, "at
the end of the fishing place," or "beyond the fishing place."
Uncanoonuc Hill, Middlesex County, Mass. Pennacook, "breast,"
or "nipple."
Uncanoonucks Mountain, Hillsborough County, N. H. Penna-
cook? "a breast," or "nipple."
Uncas ville. New London County, Conn. Mohegan. Uncas was
the family name of a powerful chief of that tribe ; his name is
a corruption of Wonhcs, "fox" (literally, "the circler.")
Another name for this same person was Poquiam, "The
Defender," i588?-i683?
Uncataquisset Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the end of the
small stream," or "place of overturned rocks."
Uncatena Island, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "like a
hill," or "end of the hill," or "shows from afar."
Uncawannuck Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "fishing place
at the furthest place."
Uncbechewhaton Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at
the end of the wooded hills."
Uncheckcathaton Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"cedar mountain."
^y* 259
Unchemamuck Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, ''fishing place
for eels." See Onshaukamaug.
Uncoa Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "beyond," or "over
yonder." Variants, Uncowa, Uncoway, Uncowah, etc.
Uncushnet River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the
end of the rapid stream." Variants, Ungoshet, Unquoshnet.
Ungowa-umsock Middlesex County, Conn. Mohegan, "abode of
old squaws, long tailed ducks."
Ungwonshackook New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place
at the bend or fork of the stream." Also Unggwongskakooke,
Unggwonsuckcook.
Unjaware possibly in York County, Me. Ahnaki, "sheltered
place" ? or "end of the portage." ?
Unkapaukook Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "land at the
end of the pond," or "place at the bend in the pond."
Unkawa Fairfield County, Conn. Probably Paugussett, the short
form of Uncawamuck, "beyond the fishing-place." Variant,
Unqnowa, Uncoa, etc.
Unkety Brook, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "at the end, or
boundary place."
Unquamonk Hill, Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
end place" or "at the boundary."
Unquawomuck Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "beyond the
fishing place" or "the fishing place farther away."
Unquety Hills, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "boundary," or
"(hills which are) the boundary."
Unsatuit Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the place of
flooding."
Unshemamuck Pond, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis? "eel-
fishing place." See Onshaukamaug.
Upaquoag Woods, Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "land
where flags (or rushes) grow." See Abaquage.
Uppanash Konameset Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "cover-
ing mats at the long fishing place," or "flags (or rushes) used
for making mats, at the large fishing place."
Uppooquantup New Haven County, Conn. Western Niantic? "eat
(bass) head." Sea-bass heads and fine corn meal make a sort
of "head-cheese." This name may be comparatively recent;
260
it is near Momauguin. There was another such place near
Niantic.
Upquedopscook River, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "top of
the rocks place."
Usgah River, Maine. Ahnaki? "bitter water." ?
Usquaiok River, Hampden Coounty, Mass. Nipmuck/'aX the end
of this land," or "boundary place."
Usquepaug Village, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the end of the pond." (In the early iSoo's attempts were
made to link this with the Gaelic word for whiskey, usque-
beotha; there is no connection). Variants, Usquebaug and
Usquepaugh.
Ussowwack Franklin County, Mass. Nipmnck, "at the end-place,"
or "at the boundary." Also translated as "seething pot."
Usuntabunt Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "wet head" ? (now
Rainbow Lake). But if a corruption of Nesuntabunt, the
meaning is "three heads."
Utlooskes Washington County, Me. Malecite, "cast a small net
there,"? or "soak small hides there."? This is the Little
River, near Perry; perhaps the name is just "small stream
in that direction," or "go to the small cove." ?
-w-
Waashacum Ponds, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "surface of
the sea." Also translated as "springs bubbling forth."
Wabacosoos Lake, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "white, shining."
Wabademsolduwak Wajowuk Coos County, N. H. Penobscot, "The
White Mountains."
Waban Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "the wind," especially
"the east wind."
Waban Lake, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "east wind."
Wabaquasset Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck? "a place covered
with rush matting," possibly a house. One source gives
"tabernacle covered with rush thatching," perhaps one of
Eliot's meeting houses; he had spelled it Wabuhquohish.
Wabaquasset Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "flags or
rushes for making mats."
261
Wabaquassick Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, ''place of
the white stones/' ? or "mats for covering a lodge" ? Also
Wabas quassuck.
Wabaquassit Worcester County, Mass. and Tolland County,
Conn. Nipmuck, (at the place where we make) ''mats for house
coverings." Variant, Wabaquassuck.
Waba quassuck see Wabaquasset.
Wabasgach Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "light colored
boards," or "white planks" (now Robbinston Mills).
Wabash Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "the white
things" (white stones?); or Narragansett, "the winds?"
Wabassus Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "shining,"
or "torchlight." Variant, Wabasses.
Wabeno bahntuck Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "white water
falls," or "the foamy white cataract."
Wabenock Sagadahoc County, Me.? Abnaki, "the white beach
place."
Wabigenek at Kendall Head, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"white bone." This is a quartz ledge which resembles a large
white bone, at a distance.
Wabiggamus Abnaki village, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "the
little clear lake." Also Warbeggamus.
Wabissick Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "at the
little white place," or "at the small place eastward." Wa-
bissick was a female chief or Suncksqua.
Wabossagock Liberty Point, Robbinston, Washington County,
Me. Abnaki, "white planks place."
Wabquisset an ancient village, "west of the Quinebaug River,"
Windham County, Conn. ; or the same place as Wabaquasset?
Wabuhquosish same as Wabaquasset, q. v.
Wacagasaneps Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "house
and adjoining fields."
Wacatuc Worcester County, Mass. NcUick, "bend in the river,"
or "at the end of the river." Also Wacantuck, Wacuntug.
Waccago ancient Abnaki village, possibly Cumberland County,
Me. ? Abnaki, "head of the bay."
Wachamaucutt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "hilly
land."
262
Wachamotusset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''at the
barren brooklet," or "at the end of the brooklet."
Wachaqueage New London County, Conn. Western Ni antic,
"country near the mountain."
Wachemscusset Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"corn fields place."
Wachipauke Pond, Grafton County, N. H. Abnaki, "mountain
pond."
Wachocastinook Creek, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "at
the place where walnut trees grow on the hill," or possibly
"land at the stony hill."
Wachpusk Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "hilly ridge"
or "hills back."
Wachquatnach Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "extending to
the mountain," or "the end of the mountain." Also, Wech-
quadnach.
Wachu New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "a hill, or moun-
tain."
Wachusett Mountain, Reservoir and State Park, Worcester
County, Mass. Natick, "near the mountain."
Wackquigut Back Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "at
the end of the bay." See Wakogumaak.
Wacobske Cliff, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a shining
rock."
Wacuntug Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "a bend in the
river." A Nipmuck village, Wacuntuc, was located here in
the late i6oo's. See Wacatuc.
Wadadeag see Watatick.
"Wadatatuk Middlesex County, Conn. Hammonasett, "tree-
boughs" ? or "river from uttermost distant land" ? See
Woodtick and Mattatuck.
Wadawannuc Point, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic?
"a place destitute of trees."? Other spellings Wadawanak,
Wattawanett, Woddowonuck, etc.
Wadchusett see Wachusett.
Waddaquodduck see Wataquadock.
Wagumcaquog Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, probably same
as Maguncaquog, "place of the gift."
263
Waguntaquab Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag,
''sandy gravel.'*
"Wagwises pastures near Forest Dale, Rutland County, Vt.
Abnaki, "a fox."
Wahconah Falls and Park, Berkshire County, Mass. Mohican,
"daybreak," ? or Mohawk, "the old fort." ?
Wahkasekhoc Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "at the small
enclosure," or "at the place of the small pelt-frames." ? ?
Wahktoohook Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "place of the
river bend."
Wahnoosnook Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "deep brook,"
from monoosuck.
Wainooset Hills and Stream, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"a deep brook." See Monoosuck.
Wajoses Pigeon Hill, Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "little
mountain."
Wakalosen Fort Knox, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "rocks in
a circle;" hence an enclosure, a fort.
Wakeag see Waukeag.
Wakepeke Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nifmnck? "he
pitched his tent here," or "reeds for making houses" ? or
"dwelling place"?
Wakogumaak Back Bay, Cumberland County, Me. Micmac, "at
the end of the bay." See Wackquigut.
Wakoquet Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "house place."
Waktiompsk Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "rock house,"
or "dwelling among the rocks," or possibly "rock cave
dwelling." See Watiomsquit.
Walastegw see Wallastook.
Walintuk Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "cove in
the brook," or "bend in the stream."
Walkamigosek Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "sand scooped
out." This term is sometimes applied to geological "kettle
holes."
"Wallagrass Lake, Stream and Village, Aroostook County, Me. If
this is Indian, perhaps Micmac, "good river" (easy canoe
traveling); or Abnaki, "shallow, full of coves."
Wallamanticuk see Willimantic.
264
Wallamanumps Falls, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "red
cliffs," or "red steep rocks/'
Wallamanumpscook Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
rock standing in the red-paint place," an important boun-
dary marker.
Wallamatogus Hill, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "coves in
a little river."
Wallastook the St. John River, Aroostook County, Me. Micmac,
"the beautiful river." Also Woolastook.
Wallempteweekek South Twin Lake, Piscataquis County, Me.
Abnaki, "place of the deep round lake." Some Indians give
it as, "coves surrounded by burned land." Also Walleniptee-
weekek.
Walloomsac River, Bennington County, Vt. Mahican, "beautiful
rocks," or "paint rocks."
Wallum Pond, Lake and Village, Providence County, R. I. and
Lake, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmiick, "a dog." See Allum
Pond.
Walopeconek Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the good
little plantation," ? or "at the end of the plantation." ?
Wamappahesett location unknown. If Natick, possibly "at the
place of the field with small snares."
Wambighe now Umbagog Lake, Coos County, N. H. Abnaki,
"clear lake." This name from Aubery's 1715 map.
Wamesit Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "there is room for all."
This was a council place of the Pawtuckets.
Wamesut Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "place beloved of all."
Wamkeag Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "white land,"
or "white place."
Wammasquid Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
plain."
Wampaketatekam Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "clear
gushing spring," or "white sandy fountain."
Wampanic sepoot River, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "at
the white (clear) stream."
Wampanoag Lake, Worcester County, Mass., and Trail, in Provi-
dence and Bristol Counties, R. I. Wampanoag, "people from the
east." This w^as a major tribe of the Plymouth-Nantucket-
265
Martha's Vineyard region, important in early colonial history.
Actually a confederacy of several sub-groups, they are one
of the few tribes in southern New England to maintain their
own identity to the present day.
"Wampanucket School, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
''at the dawn place," or "at the east," also "place of white
earth." Also, Wapanucket.
Wampatuck Norfolk County, Mass. and Pond in Plymouth
County, Mass. Natick, from the name of the famous John
Wamxpatuck of Braintree, who aided Pilgrims in 1621. Trans-
lated as "white river," "eastern river," or "goose."
Wampecack Creek, Bennington County, Vt. NatickP "place of
white (fruit), chestnuts." (Or "brant goose place"?)
"Wampee Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "clear
water."
Wampenum Brook, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "white
falls" ? or "coming from the east." ?
Wamphanack Avenue, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk,
"place of the wild goose," or possibly "(look to) the place
eastward."
Wamphaneeskitt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
where little white shells abound;" also "white meadow place."
Wamphassuck Point, New London County, Conn. Eastern Ni-
antic, "at the eastern bog," or perhaps, "walnut trees here."
Given also as "marshes" and "wet meadows." Variant,
Womphasset.
Wampi-hussun-ac River, Windsor County, Vt. Natick? "clear
stony place." See Pompanoosuc.
Wampnesick Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
chestnut trees" (womppimish)? or "place at or in the east."?
Wampum Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "white stuff." This is
the collective name of the white beads or "peag" used as
currency. Although the purple (or "black," as they are also
known), beads used in barter and in ceremonial "wampum
belts" were properly called sauhock, English settlers called
these wampum, too.
Wampmn Swamp, Plymouth County, Mass. Natick? Wampa-
noag? "white stuff," white beads used for barter and cere-
monial purposes.
266
Wampum's Rock, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, from an Indian
family named Wampum which lived near this boulder.
Wamsutta (or Mooanum) Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag,
Wamsutta was one of Massasoit's sons, known to the English
as Alexander. He died in 1662. One translation of Wamsutta
is, *'he has a kind heart." See Wamesut.
Wanagamesswak especially in Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki,
"rock fairies." These "wee people" were supposed to be
friendly to the Abnaki; they made arrowheads, claystones,
etc., and warned of approaching enemies, especially raiding
Mohawk warriors.
Wanascohockett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
end place," or "at the hill marking the plain's end."
Wanascottaquet River, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "land
(or place) at the end (or source) of the tidal river."
Wanashack Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican, "at the
end-place," or "at the source."
Wanashquodtinook Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "at the
top of the mountain," or "summit place."
Wanasquatomska River, Plymouth and Bristol County, Mass.
Wampanoag, "rock summit."
Wanasquatuck Bennington County, Vt. Abnaki, "head or source
of the river." (Headwaters of Otter Creek.)
Wanasquatuck qut Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the end of the tidal river."
Wancenquag Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the bend or turn." Variants, Wankinquog, Wankonquag,
Wankinco, etc.
Wanchatopek Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "where
to get roots" (for sewing, etc.), or "roots soaked in water"?
Also Wanketopic, "crooked roots place"?
Wanepoonseag Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place
where the nets are set" (for fish? for birds?). More likely,
"where the brook floods." See Wawepoonseag.
Wangam Brook and Lake, Litchfield County, Conn. Paugussett,
"bend." Also Wangum.
Wangan River, Piscataquis County, Me. Abnaki, "the bend."
267
"Wangombog Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "crooked pond.**
Spelled also Wangunbog. See Wongumbaug.
Wankewan Lake, Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, "on the crooked
route."
Wankinco River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
bend in the stream," or "crooked rocks place" ?
Wannacomet Pond, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
beautiful field," ? possibly "pond field" ? or "beautiful house." ?
Wannametonamuc Hill, York County, Me. Abnaki, "it produces
red earth," or "at the red paint hill." See Tonemy, and
Wannemetonamy.
Wannamoiset Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "good
(fishing and) resting place," or "place at the point." Also
Wanomoycet.
Wannamoisett Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the good
fishing place."
Wannashowatuckqut Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
fork of the river."
Wannemetoname York County, Me. Abnaki, "red paint hill."
Wannemetonomy Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "good
mountains." ? Chief Tonomy was sachem of Aquidneck in
1638. See Wannemetoname.
Wannomack Ponds, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "grape
country." Variants, Wanomehonck, Wannumchunk.
Wannomoiset Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
good fishing place." Variants, Wanamoyset, Wanomoyset,
"Wannamoiset, etc.
Wannuehecomecut Neck, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"enclosed camping place," or "plantation at the end of the
hill."
Wannuppe Island, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "good
water," or "good pond."
Wanomoycet see Wannamoisett.
Wanonkapooke Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "crooked
pond," or "land at the bend of the pond."
Wanoosnuc see Monoosmoc.
Wanotimyes River, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "pleasant
village,"? or "good land."?
268
Wanpawcutt Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "place of
flags or rushes."
Wanquanchet Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
bend" of the stream.
Wanshuk Brook, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the
steep place." Wanskuk and Wanshuck.
Wanskuck Pond, Providence County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "at
the end-place."
Wansokett see Woonsockett.
Wantastiquet Mountain, Cheshire County, N. H. Ahnaki, "at the
end of the river."
Wantastiquet the West River, Windham County, Vt. Pennacook,
"head or source of the river."
Wanungatuck Brook and Hill, Windham County, Conn. Mohegan,
"winding river," or "at the river bend."
Wapanaki Lake, Caledonia County, Vt. Ahnaki, "from the east,"
or "from the dawn land."
Wapanoos Point, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"place over east,"? or "east wind blowing"?
Wapanucket see Wampanucket.
Waping Addison County, Vt. Delaware? "an opposum"? Or
possibly a misspelling of Wapping, "east land" or "east place" ?
Wapoompaukset Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "waiting
or resting place at the small pond."
Wapososhe quash Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmnck?
"white grasses"? or "white fruits;" that is, "chestnuts"?
Wapowage seeWepowage,
Wappanuckett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
white earth." See Wampanucket.
Wappaqua Brook, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "flags or
cat tails."
Wappaquassett Pond, Windham County, Conn. Niprmick, "at
the place of flags or cattails."
Wappewassick Island, now Prudence Island, Newport County,
R. I. Narragansett, "at the narrow straits." Variant, Wape-
wasick.
Wapping Road, Newport County, R. I. Narragansett, "east land,"
or "dawn place." See Wapping, Conn., below.
269
Wapping Village, Hartford County, Conn. Sicaog? ''east land,"
or "dawn-land;" same meaning as Abnaki.
Wapping Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "in the east"
or "dawn place."
Wappinger Confederacy; a federation composed of many small
Algonquian-speaking bands located chiefly in New York, but
extending into Connecticut south and west of Hartford. The
name means, "easterners." They joined the Stockbridge peo-
ples following the King Philip War. The Wappinger were
prominent in the manufacture of wampum.
Wappoquian's Brook, Windham County, Conn. Nifmuck, from
the name of a Nipmuck Indian, possibly "the white plume."
Wenepaykin, alias Sagamore George, was in Massachusetts
1616-1684.
Wapskenigan Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "white rocks
portage." Variant, Wapskehagan.
Waptook Lake, Washington County, Me. Malecite, "wild goose."
Wapwayset Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "narrow
place, forded at low water." Also, Wapwaysitt, Wepwassit, etc.
Waqua Point, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end."
Waquaick Oak Bay, Washington County, Me. Abnaki? Malecite?
"at the head ol the bay."
Waquapaug see Weekapaug.
Waquepaug see Wecapaug.
Waquettaquage Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "pond
at the end." Also Waquittaquay.
Waquoit Bay and Village, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the end." Also Waquoid.
Waquompohchukoit Plymouth County, Mass. From Wampanoag,
"boundary mark corner."
Waqutuquaib see Waquettaquage.
Waramanticut see Willimantic.
Waramaug Lake and State Park, Litchfield County, Conn.
Mahican, "good fishing place." Variant, Warramock.
Warametonomy Hill; see Wannemetonomy.
Waronoco Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck? "winding about."
Also Woronoco, Worrinoke, etc.
270
Warramanticut see Willimantic.
Warramaug a sachem of Weantinock. See Werewaug.
Warunlug see Waentug.
Warunscopage see Maruscopag and Achetaqupag.
Waruntug Worcester County, Mass. Eastern Niantic? "a good tree."
Wasaketuwen Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "torch place"?
Wasapskotock Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
shining rock." (But possibly "flax or hemp at this river." ?)
Wasa-umkeag Sears Island, Waldo County, Me. Abnaki, "at the
shining sandy beach." Also "Wasumkeag and Wassamkeag.
Washakamaug Village, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick? Dela-
ware? "fishing place for eels or lampreys."
Washakum see Weshacum.
Washaqua Hill, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place beyond,
on the other side," or "place at the end." A boundary-mark.
Washiack Hartford County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the mountain."
This was one of the boundary marks of the Mohegans.
Washining Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "mountain coun-
try" or perhaps a corruption of Ossining, "stony land."
Variant, Washee.
Washouset Point, Long Neck, Pawtuxet Cove, Providence
County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of the small hill." But
see Washquisset.
Wash qua Outlet, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end."
Washquisset Point, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"boundary brook."
Washucke River, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "at the
hilly place."
Washukquatom Hill, Providence County, R. L Narragansett,
"summit of hill."
Washwantonowmoh Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "hill
where testimony was taken." ? Also Washwantownowmoh.
Washwantowminunk Hill, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck,
"hill where the large strawberries grow." ? See Washwanto-
nowmoh.
Waskosing Rock, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag? Narra-
gansett? "whalebones."
271
Wasquadomesit River, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett,
"at the end of the hill," ? or "summit of the hill" ?
Wasquakage Franklin County, Mass. Nipmtick? Pennacook? See
Squakheag. Variants, Wussquackheag, Squakheag, etc.
Wasque Bluff and Point, Dukes County, Mass. If Wampanoag,
"at the end;" if Narragansett, "whalebone," from waskeke.
Wasquonasak New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place at
the end of the rock" or "rocky point." See Obscob.
Wass Island, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki, "shiny," or "white."
Wassabastegu the White River, Orange and Windsor Counties,
Vt. Ahnaki, "clear water stream," "white river," and "shining
river."
Wassaic Stream, Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican? Delaware?
"rocky land."
Wassamkihemuk Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the white
sandy place." This is High Head, Bangor, Me.
Wassapacoassett Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "place of
pine roots," ? or "rat place" ?
Wassaquoick Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki, "a clear,
shining lake," possibly where fish were speared by torchlight.
Also, Wassataquoick.
Wassassabskek Rapids, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the
slippery rocks."
Wassataquoick Stream, Penobscot County, Me. See Wassa-
quoick Lake.
Wassategwewick the East Branch of the Penobscot River, Pe-
nobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the place in the river where
fish are speared by torchlight," or "at the bright sparkling
stream."
Wassaticook Stream, Penobscot County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the
place of the shining, clear stream."
Wassiog Hartford County, Conn. Mohegan, "hill place," or per-
haps "place or country beyond."
Wassokeag Lake, Penobscot and Somerset Counties, Me. Ahnaki,
"shining fishing place," or "at the whitefish place;" perhaps,
"fishing by torchlight."
Wassoosumpsquehemock Island, Marshe's Island, Penobscot
County, Me. Ahnaki, "slippery rocks place."
272
Wassquagos Pleasant River, Washington County, Me. Ahnaki?
Malecite? "shallow, rough," or "low, rough, overflowed."
Wassuc Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "between the forks"
of Cold Brook and Roaring Brook, at Glastonbury. See
Assawassuck.
Wassumke Wadjo White Cap Mountain, Piscataquis County, Me.
Ahnaki, "white sand hill."
Wassup Lake, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "clear
stream."
Wataba Lake, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "roots," the
kinds of roots used for cord and for thread in sewing canoes.
Watachun Spring, Kent County, R. L Narragansett, "on a hill"
or "on a hillside."
Watagua a reedy shallow stretch in Lake Fairlee, Orange County,
Vt. Ahnaki, "pickerel."
Watananock Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place
where the river winds around the hill," or "bend in the river
at the hill."
Watanic now Nashua, Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "climb-
ing place," or "end of the mountain."
Watannanuck Hill, Hillsboro County, N. H. Natick, "the place
where we climb."
Watanock River, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "land near the
hill."
Wataqua now Nashua River, in Worcester County, Mass. and
Hillsboro County, N. H. Ahnaki, "a pickerel."
Wataquadock Brook, Hill and Road, Worcester County, Mass.
Nipmuck, "place where we get fire-wood; branches of trees;"
or perhaps "lookout place."
Watatick Pond and Mountain, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck,
"a mountain stream," or possibly "mountain covered
with trees." Also perhaps, "wigwam river," or "lookout
place."
Watcha Pond, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "a hill."
Watchamoquot Village, Providence County, R. L Narragansett,
"place of the great spring" ? But see Watchemoket.
Watchaug Pond, Washington County, R. L, and Brook, Hampden
County, Mass. Nipmuck, "hill country."
i8
273
Watchemoket Cove, Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "end
of the fishing place." See Watchamoquot.
Watchemoquit Cove and Neck, Bristol County, Mass. Narra-
gansett, "end of fishing place," or "end of the cove." Also,
Watchymoquett, Watchimoquet, etc.
Watchemoyket see Watchamoquot.
Watchic Pond, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the mountain."
Variants, Watchig, Wachuk, Wadchuck, etc.
Watchogash Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "near the moun-
tains," or "mountain country."
Watchoog Brook, Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the hill,"
or "hilly country."
Watch quadnach Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "at the end
of the mountains." Other spellings Wech quadnach, Wequag-
nock, etc. This was the site of a Moravian mission around
1750.
Watchusesic Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "at the small
hill."
Waternomee Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. Pennacook?
Ahnaki? "a place to climb."
Water quechee Falls, Sullivan County, N. H. Same as Ottau-
quechee Falls, Vt.
Water queechy River, Windsor County, Vt. In this form the name
is not Indian, but archaic English for "moist, damp, boggy
ground." This is the same stream as the Ottau quechee River.
Watesamoonsuck Hill, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"other side of the outlet" ? or "junction of brooks." ?
Watoolwan Gamock St. John Pond, Somerset County, Me. Ah-
naki, "good hunting from a canoe around this pond."
Wattamatogue see Wallamatogus.
Wattankshausepo an old name for Farmington River, Hartford
County, Conn. Wangunk, "fast flowing stream with many
turns." Also, Tunxis, Tunkseese, Tunckseapose.
Wattanumon Brook, Merrimack County, N. H. Named for a
Pennacook chief who died near Concord, 1632.
Wattiomsk Middlesex County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the end of
the rock" or "reef's end" or "rocky point." Also Watiomsque,
Wattiomsquit, etc.
274
Wattoonug River, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "rocky
place" ?
Watunkshausepo Hartford County, Conn. Same as Tunxis, q. v.
Watuppa Pond, Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "roots to be
used in sewing," or "where we sit and talk" ?
Watuppa Pond, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "roots" to
use in sewing.
Waubansconcett Middlesex County, Mass. Natick? Pennacook?
"place of white rocks."
Waubeoka Lake, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "a crossing
place."
Waubeyaussuc New London, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "a crossing
place," "a passage" or "a strait." See Weybosset, R. I.
Waubosset see Weybosset.
Wauchimoqut see Watchamoquot.
Waukeag Neck, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, "a great knoll."
Waumbek Mountain, Coos County, N. H. Chippewa, "place of
the white rock."
Waumbekket Coos and Carroll Counties, N. H. Abnaki? "at the
place of the white rocks."
Waumbekketmethna Coos and Carroll Counties, N. H. Abnaki?
Chippewa? "principal hills at the white rocks place;" the
White Mountains.
Waumpanickseepoot Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "place
of a white foamy waterfall in the river."
Waunashqua Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
end," or "summit."
Waunnakeseag possibly at one of the Casco Bay Islands, Cumber-
land County, Me. Abnaki, "place of the finely painted ones;"
that is, "place of the mackerel."
Waupanheeskit Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "small
white falls."
Wauregan Pond and Village, Windham County, Conn. Mohegan,
"a handsome thing."
Waurenaug Fairfield County, Conn. Patigussett, "good place."
Waushacum see Weshacum.
Wauwaskepog see Usquebaug.
i8* 275
Wauwinet Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag; Wauwinet
was an early sachem and counselor at Nantucket in 1660.
The name approximates, "witness my hand," or "testify."
Wauwonoquassick Fairfield County, Conn. Siwanoy? "witness
rocks,"? or "witness rock boundary place."?
Wawalona Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, said to be
derived from the name of Wawaloam, the wife of Chief
Miantonnomoh, prior to 1643.
Wawashekit Providence County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
carrying burdens on backs," that is, "a portage."
Wawayontatt Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "winding
creek."
Wawaytick Creek, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "winding
tidal creek."
Wawecoes Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "mean-
dering or twisting."? Also, Wawecoos, Wawwecous.
Wawecus Hill, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, Wauwecus
(Wauweekus or Wawequa) was a brother of the famous Uncas
circa 1600. The name may mean "a swan," or "moonlight."
Wawela Park, Worcester County, Mass. Pennacook, "white
ducks." ?
Wawenock Knox, Lincoln and Sagadahoc Counties, Me. Abnaki,
"bay country" or "inlet places." Until 1730 ( ?) populated by
Walinakiak, "people of the bay country" who moved to
Canada. The last known speaker of the Walinakiak dialect
died at Becancour, Quebec, in 1919. See Weeweenock.
Waweonk Creek, Kent County, R. L Narragansett, "twisting
stream," ? or "place of testimony," ? or "the bay or cove."
Wawepoonseag Providence County, R. L Narragansett, "place
where the stream overflows." (This is sometimes given as
"place where birds are snared;" but such words are a des-
cription of what happened there, rather than a translation of
the name.)
Wawobadenik the White Mountains, Coos, Grafton and Carroll
Counties, N. H. Abnaki, "at the place of the white mountains."
This name is also applied to Mt. Marcy, in the Adirondacks,
New York.
Wawog Pond, New London County, Conn. Nipmuck, "crooked
pond."
276
Wawona Bristol County, Mass. NarragansettP "the turn."?
Waworamawak New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "where
the path -turns," or "place of turning." Also, Wanwaraneanauk
and Warronawarack.
Wawoskepog see Usquepaug.
Wawuttaquatuck Washington County, R. I. Eastern Ni antic?
NarragansettP "twisting, turning, meandering tidal stream."
"Wawyachtanock Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place at the
bend of the river"
Wayanitoke Point Judith, Washington County, R. I. Eastern
Niantic, "twisting current" ? or "waves around a bend" ?
Waybosset Neck; see Weybosset and Waypoiset.
Waylumkituk Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "place of the
round sandy cove."
Waymessick Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "winding brook,"
or "distant brook."
Waypoiset Narrows, Newport County, R. L Narragansett, "at the
narrow place or strait."
Wayunkeag Hill; see Wayunkeke.
Wayunkeke Hill, Providence County, R. L Nipmtick, "at the
bend," or "land at the bend."
Waywaypounshag Bristol County, Mass. Narragansett, "twisting
outlet."
Wdamoganaspskak Aroostook County, Me. Abnaki, "at the place
of the pipe rocks."
Wdepsek Isle aux T^tes, in the Richelieu River north of Franklin
County, Vt. Abnaki, "heads." Abnaki and Mohawk warriors
exhibited heads of their enemies on this island.
Weahtaqua Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "end of the creek."
Weakpocoink Hill, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
end of the pond," or possibly "house poles place."
Weantinock Fairfield County, Conn. Paugnssett? "where the
water swirls and tumbles around a hill." Variants, Weanti-
noque, Wiantenuck, Wyantenug, Weantinaug.
Weantucket River, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"at the winding stream." Also Weatucket.
Weataug see Weatogue.
277
Weatauwanchu Mountains, Litchfield County, Conn. Mohican,
"wigwam shaped (dome shaped) mountain."
Weatic Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "at the (village of)
wigwams." Also Wiatic.
Weatogue Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "at the wigwams
place," or "he is at home there." This Weatogue is at Sims-
bury. Also, Wetawk.
Weaxcashuck Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the end of
the meadow or swamp." Variants, Wexcashuck, Weex-
hashuck, Wixhassock, etc.
Webatuck Stream, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "narrow
stream," ? or "brant goose" ?
Webhannet River and Village, York County, Me. Perhaps Ahnaki,
"at the clear stream" ?
Webomskat New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "narrow
passages between rocks," ? or "at the white rock" ? See
Wasquonasak and Obscob.
Webotuck Litchfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "river in the
narrow pass, or gorge."
Wecapaug Brook, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"head of the pond," or "end of the pond." Also Wequapaug.
Wecatheconnet Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "place at the
end of the enclosed field," or "house in the enclosed field."
Wechkotetuk Union River, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki, (free
translation), "going upstream, the canoeist is suddenly con-
fronted by an impassible barrier." Literally, "coming out
facing river falls."
Wechquadnach see Wachquatnach.
Wechquapackat Berkshire County, Mass. ? Mahican, "at the ex-
treme point." Variants, Wickquapubon, Wichquapuchat, and
Weekwapawcutt.
Wecketuckett Brook, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the end of the stream" or "wading river."
Weckwannuck Brook, now Sugar Loaf Brook, Hampden County,
Mass. Nipmiick, "at the end of the hill."
Wecoachett Meadow, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the end of the hill," or possibly "basswood hill place."
Wecobaug see Wickabaug.
278
Wecobemeas New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "basswood,"
or "linden" or "tying-bark fiber."
Wecopesuck a small rocky island at the end of Fisher's Island,
south of Stonington, New London County, Conn. Narra-
gansett, ''small object at the end." Also, Weekapeesuck,
Wickaposset, Wicopesset, etc.
Wecquaesgeek Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett? "at the end
of the march." Sometimes given as (probably incorrectly)
"birch bark kettle," or "birch bark place." This tribe was an
important member of the Wappinger Confederacy, and was
almost totally annihilated by a Dutch party in 1643 led by
Capt. Underhill. Variants, Wechgaek, Wickerscreeke, and
Weghquagsike.
Wecuppemee Stream, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "linden
or basswood inner bark" {wikopi), used for netting, string,
rope, etc.
Wecups Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "linden or basswood" ?
Also Wekups.
Wedebegek Knox County, Me. Malecite? Micmac? "head of the
bay," the beginning of Penobscot Bay.
Weeataug Litchfield County, Conn. Paugussett? "place of the
dwelling," or "at the wigwam." This place was near Salisbury;
there was a Moravian mission built here around 1750. Also
Wehtack, Wehtak, Wiatack, etc.
Weechagaskas Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "place at the end
of the rocks," or perhaps "rushes or flags for making mats."
Weecodnoy Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end
of the hill."?
Weegoschook New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "near the
mountain with birches on it." Also Wegasoeguck; but see
Wachaqueage.
Weekaasuck Island, Middlesex County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of the small house, or small wigwam," or "small wigwam near
the outlet." Also, Weecasuk.
Weekachommet see Wecatheconnet.
Weekapaug Point, Village, Inlet and Pond, Washington County,
R. I. Narragansett, "at the end of the pond."
Weekasoak Brook, Rockingham County, N. H. Natick? Abnaki?
"place of small dwelling" (near outlet?)
279
Weepatuck Mountain, Litchfield, County Conn. Mohican, "at the
narrow passage, or gorge."
Weepecket Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, possibly from
Waubackuck, "white headed eagle," or "osprey."?
Weepoiset Kent County, R. I. Narragcmsett, "at the small ford,"
or "the narrow strait."
Weequakut Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end."
Weequancett Neck, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
place of the torch-light."
Weeset Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "slippery place,"
or "shiny place."
Weesquobs River, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "shin-
ing rocks." These at the river mouth? There is a hint of
torch-light along the stream, perhaps spearing eels?
Weetamoe's Crossing, Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
lodge keeper," or "house keeper," or "house wife." ? At this
place Weetamoe was drowned in 1676; see below.
Weetamoo Mountain, Grafton County, N. H. Weetamoo (or more
commonly, Weetamoe) was the suncksqua, "female chief,"
of the Pocassets.
Weeweantitt River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "the
crooked river."
Weeweeder Ponds, Nantucket County, Mass. From Wampanoag?
"winding about."
Weeweenock Lincoln County, Me. Probably the same as Wa-
wenock, but Weeweenock is cognate with Natick words
meaning "turning, bending, meandering" probably in re-
ference to shore line. Other spellings Wewoonoc, Wewenoek,
etc. See Weweantit, Weweantic, etc.
Wegquapamisk Tolland County, Conn. Nipmuck, "at the rock
summit," or "at the end of the rocks" or "rocks at end place."
This was a boundary-mark at the western end of the Wab-
aquasset country.
Weguadnach see Wachquatnach.
Weikeset Island, Middlesex County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of the little tent or wigwam." See also Weekasoak.
Weinshauks New London County, Conn. Pequot, "great rock
cliff."
280
Wekapekatonnic Brook and Hill, Worcester County, Mass.
Natick, "hill at the end of the divided brook" ? or "end of
pond near hill" ? or "dwelling near the split mountain." ?
Wekapekatonnuc Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "end of
pond near the hill," or "hill at end of the branched stream."
Wekopee Pond, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "wigwam or
dwelling near pond," or "house near water." See also Wicopee.
Wekowamadensees Bird Mountain, Rutland County, Vt. Abnaki,
"little mountain shaped like (a hemispherical) Indian dwel-
ling."
"Wekwabigek Little River (Utloskes), Washington County, Me.
Malecite, "end of the tidal part."
Welokinbacook Lake, Androscoggin County, Me. Abnaki, "bay
and cove place;" or "many curves and indentations." See
also Wonunkapaugkook.
Wembemiscook Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place of
chestnuts," or "place of small white fruit." Also Wombe-
misiscook, Wombemiscunck, Wombomesscock, etc.
Wemesuck Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican? "council
place."
Wenachus Lake, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "a small bowl" ?
or "chimney"? or "good hill"? perhaps, "berry hill"? Also,
Wennuchus.
Wenaniasoug Windham County, Conn. Mohegan? "end of (our)
country;" a boundary mark.
Wenashoge Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "grapes
country" ?
Wenatuxet Stream, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place
of the good brook." Also, Wenatukset, Winnetuxet, etc.
Wenaumet Bluffs, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the good fishing place," ? or "grapes here" ?
Wenekei-amaug Hartford County, Conn. Agawam, "at the end of
the fishing place," or "boundary fishing place." See Conga-
mond.
Wenekocamaug Lake, Hartford County, Conn. Tunxis, "near
the boundary lake," or "fishing place at the boundary."
Wenimessett Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the good
fishing place" ? or "grape vines here." ?
281
Wenk wida wiwie wak Hermon Pond, Penobscot County, Me.
Abnaki, "where stream enters, goes down." See Edawi-
maniwick.
Wennanatoke Point Judith, Washington County, R. I. Eastern
Niantic, ''winding river."? See Weynanitoke.
Wentukset Stream, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at
the good tidal stream."
Wepansock Hartford County, Conn. Tiinxis, "narrow place,"
or "ravine" ?
Wepaug Tolland County, Conn.? Nipmuck? "edge of the pond."
Wepawaug Reservoir and River, New^ Haven County, Conn.
Paugnssett, "narrows," or "crossing-place."
Wepecket see Weepecket.
Wepoiset Bristol County, Mass. N arragansett , "at or near the
little ford."
Wepoiset Providence County, R. I. N arragansett, "at the little
ford, or crossing place."
Wepowage New London County, Conn. Perhaps MoA^g<^n.'^ "at the
narrows," or "at the crossing place." Variants, Weepowaug,
Wypewoke, etc.
Wequadnack Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "at the end of
the mountain."
Wequaes Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the end or
boundary." Variant, Uquaes.
Wequagawaysuk First Falls, Eddington Bend, Penobscot County,
Me. Micmac or Malecite, "head of the tide."
Wequanhausick Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the end
of the neck," or perhaps "abode of swans,"? or "at the end
of the meadow" ?
Wequanoc River, Plain and Island, Middlesex County, Conn.
Western Niantic, "end of the hill."
Wequanunk Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "stump of a tree,"
or perhaps "mortar for pounding corn" made out a tree stump.
Wequapaug Brook, New London County, Conn. N arragansett,
"at the end of the pond." Also Wecapaug, Weakapauge, We-
kopag, Wickapog, Wequapoag, etc.
Wequapaugset Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "at the end of
the small pond."
282
Wequaquet Lake, Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, ''the
shining place" ? or "torchlight place"? Possibly "swampy
place" ?.
Wequarunch New Haven County, Conn. Qiiinnipiac, "an upright
rock at the end."
Wequash Pond, now Wigwam Pond, Belknap County, N. H.
Narragansett, "a swan." A Pequot sachem of this name died
at Saybrook, Conn., in 1642. Also Wicwas, Wickwas.
Wequashacke Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place of
brightness, as of torches."
Wequashcook New London County, Conn. Western Niantic,
from the name of an Indian, Wequash-cuk, "it is probably
true." ? But the roots indicate "place of the swans," or
"bright shining place."
Wequatuck Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "at the
end of the river."
Wequatucket Cove and River, New London County, Conn.
Eastern Niantic, "at the end of the tidal stream."
Wequatuxet Cove, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "at
the end of the small stream."
Weqiiechackomuck see Wecatheconnet.
Wequeenuck Swamp, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at
the end of the hill."
Wequehacke Berkshire County, Mass. ? Mahican, "at the end of
the territory (or tract)."
Wequepamish Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "place at the
end of the rocks."
Wequepogue Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "end
of the pond," or "head of the pond."
Wequetequock New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "place at
the end of the tidal stream," or "as far as the river goes."
Wequitaquage Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place at the
end of the tidal stream," or "as far as the tidal stream goes."
Wequittayaug Hampden County, Mass. Pocitmtuck, "land at the
end of the cove." Variant, Wequettayag, "place at the end of
the stream."
Wequobsket Cliffs, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place at
the end of the rocks." Given also as Wequobscut.
283
Weraumaug Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "good fishing
place."
Werewaug Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "good fishing place."
Weronke Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "winding about."
See Woronack, Woronoco, etc.
Wescogus Pleasant River, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"shallow, rough, flowing over."
Wesconnaug see Wishquodiniack.
Wescunck Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett, "a stone pounding
mortar," for making corn meal.
Wescussauco Essex County, Mass. Pennacook? "end of the rocks."
Also, Wessacaucon, Wessacumcon, Wissacumquan.
Wescussue Fairfield County, Conn. From the name of a Paugussett
Sachem; possible meaning, "he makes earthen pots."?
Wesgustogo Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "at the mouth of
the river."
Weshacum Worcester County, Mass. Pennacook, "surface of the
sea." See Waashacum, Washakum.
Weshokastaneek see Wachocastinook.
Weskeag Creek, Knox County, Me. See Wessaweskeag.
Wesquacksaug Brook, Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "end
place," or "source."
Wesquadomeset Sayles Hill, Providence County, R. I. Nana-
gansett, "place at the end of the hill"? or "place of walnut
trees"? (from wussoquatomiset) .
Wesquage Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "the
end place;" a cove? (If Wisqussuk, the meaning would be
"maker of clay pots.")
Wesquantook New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "source
of the river," or possibly "as far as this place."
Wesquo Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "white, shiny
stone" or "edge of cliff" ? Other spellings Wesco, Wesko, etc.
Wesquobsk Cliffs, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the end
of the cliff" or perhaps "white shiny rocks." Also found as
Weskobs.
Wessagusset Beach, Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the small
salt water cove, or outlet," or "place at the edge of the rocks."
Also Wessaguscus, Wessaquscus, etc.
284
Wessappicoassett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "edge
of the resting place at the pine grove."
Wessaweskeag Knox County, Me. Ahnaki, "tidal creek at the
peninsula." Now Weskeag. Variant, Wessamesskek.
Wesserunsett Stream, Somerset County, Me. Ahnaki, "bitter
water place" ? Also, Wesserunsicke and Wesseronsaeg.
Westconnaug Brook and Reservoir, Providence County, R. I.
Narragansett, "place where walnut trees grow on the hill"?
See Wesquadomeset.
Westenhoek Berkshire County, Mass., and Litchfield County,
Conn. This is not Indian, but Dutch; it is sometimes given
as Western Chuck, "west corner;" often confused with
Housatonic.
Westgustoqua Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "place at
the end of the river." Also given as "end of the cliff."
Westotucket Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "at the
river's end," or "as far as the end of the stream."
Westquodniake see Wesquadomeset.
Wesumpsha Path, Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk? Natick?
"shining or glistening rocks."
Weswick Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki, "tide runs out, salt bay
here," or "commonly bordered with salt-marsh growth, creek
runs dry or nearly so at low tide." Also Whiskeag.
Wetauk see Weatogue.
Wetau Wadchu Brook and Mountain, Litchfield County, Conn.
Mahican, "dwelling place on the mountain," or "wigwam
shaped mountain." Also, Wetawanchu, Weetauwachon,
Wetautauwachon, etc.
Wetchi sankasek Sunkhaze Stream, Penobscot County, Me.
Ahnaki, "concealing outlet."
Wethunganet Creek, Kent County, R. L Narragansett, "house on
the other side."
Wetuset see Wachusett.
Wewaskepaug see Usquebaug.
Weweantic River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "crooked
stream," or "stream that wanders about."
Weweantit Washington County, Me. Ahnaki? Natick? "winding,
twisting river."
285
Weweeder Creek, Nantucket County, Mass. Wampanoag, "wind-
ing about."
Wewensett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the abode
of horned creatures," probably deer.
Wexcodowa New London County, Conn. Pequot-Mohegan, "as
far as the end of the brook." See Wexquapaug.
Wexquapaug New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "as
far as the pond (extends)."
Weybosset see Wapwayset.
Weynaniloke Point Judith, Washington County, R. I. Eastern
Niantic, "a sweep around a high point" ? or "winding river." ?
Weyouchaug Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "as far as the
mountain" or "at the end of the mountain." Also given as
Weyeouchaug, Weyouchaugguck.
Whakepee Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, perhaps wickopy
or "tying-bark;" possibly "swamp."
Which quopuhbau Berkshire County, Mass. This is in the southwest
corner of the state. Mahican, "at the end of the fiat place," or
"at the end of the fork in the trail." ? Also, Wichquapuchat.
Whiskeag Creek, Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki, "creek runs
nearly dry at low tide."
Wianno Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, from the name
of Chief lyannough (or Wianno), "He who wages war."
Wianumcisses New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "good
little fish." Also, Wyanemesis.
Wiashquagwunsuck Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "good
brook at the end of the meadow."
Wiatik Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "village of wigwams."
Also Weatic, Wiatik.
Wichetseconnet see Wecatheconnet.
Wichigaskitaywick Wiscasset, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "at
the river outlet."
Wickabaug Pond, Worcester County, Mass. Natick, "at the head
of the pond." Also, Wickabog, Wickapogue, etc.
Wickaboxet Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "end of the small
pond," or "as far as the small pond."
Wickaboxet Pond and State Forest, Kent County, R. I. Narra-
gansett, "at the end of the small pond."
286
Wickapicket Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "among
the basswoods," or "where we get wickopy (tying-bark)."
Possibly, from Sachem Wickobema, whose name means
"basswood." But see also Wickabaug.
Wickasauke Island, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick? Penna-
cookP "house at the end of the outlet." Also, Wickasaukee,
Wicosuck, Wehquasuck, etc.
Wickalaquay Dukes County, Mass. Narragansett, "at the end of
the pond," or possibly "the house at the end."
Wicketaquock see Wequatucket.
Wicketiquack see Wequatucket.
Wickwas see Wequash.
Wicopee Hill, Windham County, Vt. Abnaki, ''tying bark." This
is the bast from which cord is made.
Wigudi River, Aroostook County, Me. ? Old Abnaki, "canoe."?
Wigwam Perhaps a score of place names in New England in-
corporate this term, as Wigwam Hill, Wigwam Pond, Wigwam
Brook, etc. All of them derive from the Algonquian wigwam,
meaning "a dwelling, habitation, or lodge." These were
rounded or conical structures usually covered with bark or
rush matting, or occasionally, hides. They are not the buffalo-
hide tipi of the Plains peoples.
Wikapokotownow Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "village
at the end of the pond," or "hill at the end of the divided
brook" ? See also Wekapekatonnic.
Williguaganum Grand Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki?
Malecite? "good lake but so shallow I have to drag my
canoe."
Willimansett Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place of red
earth," ? or "good berries place." ?
Willimantic Reservoir and River, Tolland County, and City,
Windham County, Conn. Mohegan, "good cedar swamp."
Also Waramanticut, Wallamanticuk, Wewemantic, Weamman-
tuck.
Willimantic Village, Piscataquis County, Me. Nipmuck, "good
cedar swamp."
Wimpeting Litchfield County, Conn? Mahican, "ruinous heap," ?
or "pile of discarded goods." ?
287
Winatompic Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "place
at the top of the rock," ? or "place at the end of the rocks." ?
Wincheck Pond, Washington County, R. I. Nipmiick, "at the
pleasant place."
Wincittico River, Shepscot River, Lincoln County, Me. Abnakt,
"crooked river," or "winding river."
Winechaug Mountain, Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "good
mountain;" but if Minnechaug, "berry mountain."
Winegegwok Island Pond, Cheshire County, N. H. Abnaki,
"abode of otters." Sometimes found as Wnegigwak.
Winichahanet at Dover Point, Strafford County, N. H. Abnaki,
"current flows around this place." Also, Winnechahanett.
Wiiiicowett Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "place of good
pines."
Winkompaugh Brook and Village, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki?
"a good enclosed pond."
Winnapauckett Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
good pond."
Winnapaug Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "a
good pond."
Winnapauket Kent County, R. I. Narragansett, "land or place at
the good pond."
Winnatuxet Brook, Norfolk and Plymouth County, Mass. Natick,
"at the good brook." Also Winnatuckset.
Winneagwamuk Bagaduce River, Hancock County, Me. Abnaki,
"around the place where we pull the canoes out," or "at the
portage-place."
Winneamkeak Washington County, Me. Abnaki, "at the rough,
sandy bank."
Winneashimut Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "at the good
spring." (Otherwise Winnesummet. These are old names for
Chelsea.)
Winneasquam Essex County, Mass. Natick, "beautiful red rock
summit."
Winnebassakek near South Wolfeboro, Carroll County, N. H.
Abnaki, "portage at the outlet."
Winnechahannet Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "current
flows around this place."
288
Winnecook Village, Waldo County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the portage."
Winnecott or Winnecowet River, Rockingham County, N. H.
Pennacook, "where water flows out." Sometimes translated,
"at the portage."
Winnecumek near Hampton Falls, Rockingham County, N. H.
Ahnaki, "narrow, closed-in portage." Also, Winnecumet and
Winnecimnet.
Winnecuimet or Winneconnet Bristol County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the place of the good (or beautiful) pines." ?
Winnegance East Boothbay, Lincoln County, Me. Ahnaki, "the
little portage." Also at Bath, Sagadahoc County, Me. Variants,
Winneqansek, Winneqansege, Winniqans, Winnaganset, etc.
Winnegance Bay and Creek, Sagadahoc County, Me. Ahnaki,
"little portage," or "little carrying place."
Winnekeag Lake, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmiick, "good
fishing place."
Winnemaug Lake, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "good
fishing place."
Winnemisset Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place
of grape vines." Also Winnimisset.
Winnemoiset Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "good resting place."
Winnepesaukee Lake, Belknap and Carroll Counties, N. H. This
name, which has more than one hundred acceptable spellings,
is Pennacook. Two of the most reasonable translations are
"land around the lakes," and "land at outlets around here."
Some favor Winipisiocket, "at the good lake marsh," or
"good black earth around the lake." See pages 6-7.
Winnepoeket Lake, Merrimack County, N. H. Ahnaki, "at the
portage from the pond." Another spelling is Winnepauket.
Winnepuck Fairfield County, Conn. Paugussett? "good water"
or "good pond."
Winnesmnmet see Winneashimut.
Winnetuxet River, Bristol County, and Brook, Plymouth County,
Mass. Wampanoag, "at the good little river," or "near the
good brook."
Winnianebiskek Alton Bay, Belknap County, N. H. Ahnaki, "the
land around the lake." The late Chester A. Price's translation
is "where water flows down from the narrow part of the lake."
19 289
Winnicutt Great Bay, Rockingham County, N. H. Abnaki, "at
the portage." Also, Winnicott.
Winnimisset Brook, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, ''near
the grape vines." Another source gives "deep place or valley."
Winnipauk Village, Fairfield County, Conn. Mahican, "beautiful
pond." Winnipauk was a Sachem of Norwalk in 1640.
Winnipeseekett Essex County, Mass. Pennacook, "land of good
water all around" ? or Natick, "place of good outlets." ?
Winnisimmet Suffolk County, Mass. Natick, "fine spring."
Named for Chief Winnisimmet, Sachem of Chelsea in 1625.
Winnisquam Lake, Belknap County, N. H. Abnaki, "salmon
fishing around here" or "salmon fishing at lake outlet."
Winnocks Neck, Cumberland County, Me. Abnaki, "good place."
Winona Belknap County, N. H. Chippewa, "first born daughter."
In Longfellow's poem, Winona was Nokomis' daughter, and
the mother of Hiawatha.
Winooskeek an ancient village at the mouth of the Winooski
River. Abnaki, "wild onion place."
Winooski City and River, Chittenden and Washington Counties,
Vt. Abnaki, "wild onions."
Winooskitook literally the Winooski River in Vermont. Abnaki,
"wild onion river."
Winotimies River, Middlesex County, Mass. Natick, "single deep
place," or "solitary valley."
Winsachewett New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
"place of the good mountain," ? or "at the brink or edge of
mountain cliff."?
Winskeag Otter Creek Point, Mt. Desert Island, Hancock County,
Me. Abnaki, "long point."
Winsochook New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "at the rocky
cliff" ? or "at the mountain" ?
Wintechog Hill, New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic,
possibly a modification of Minnechog, "berry place."
Wintoak the lower part of the Lamoille River, Chittenden County,
Vt. Abnaki, "bone-marrow river"? Also Wintaak, "bad
sounding."
Wintucket Cove, Dukes County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the good
tidal creek."
290
Winyah Bay, Dukes County, Mass. Modified name of Winy aw
Indians, a now extinct and little-known Siouan tribe of
North Carolina.
Wionhege "land at the bend.'' See Wayunkeke.
Wionkhiege see Wayunkeke.
Wiquasseck Litchfield County, Conn. Mahicanl "place at the end
of the marsh.''
Wisawogamak the narrows between Ferrisburg, Addison County,
Vt. and Essex County, N. Y. Abnaki, "straits or narrows."
Wiscasset Village, Lincoln County, Me. Abnaki, "at the hidden
outlet." See Wetchi Sankasek and Wichigaskitaywick.
Wiscogosis Lower Sabao Lake, Washington County, Me. Abnaki,
"lakes strung along."
Wisconemuck Pond, Hillsboro County, N. H. Pennacook, "place
of walnut trees" ? or "pottery making place." ?
Wishoea Pond, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
end," ? or "kettle shaped." Variant, Wishoea.
Wishquagawans Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "mist over
the end of the meadows."
Wishquodiniack Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "place of the
walnut trees." Also, Wishquatenniog, Wussoquatak, etc.
Wisquades New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "little earthen
pot."
Wissatinnewag Franklin County, Mass. ? Mahican, "slippery
hill" ? or Nipmuck, "shining hill" ? This was an ancient village
somewhere on the Connecticut River, 1663.
WiwHiameeq the dreaded "monster-of-the-water" which fea-
tures in Maine and New Brunswick Indian legends. The
death-thrashings of this horrible beast keeps the water roily
in Boyden's Lake, Washington County, Me. Present day
Indians derisively call common snails by this name.
Wiwinam River, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "winding" ?
Or modified Paugussett, "grape."? See Weweantic.
Wnahtookook Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "land at the end
of the river." Sometimes translated, "great meadow near the
river." Also Wnoghquetookoke.
Wnoghquetookoke Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "land at
the end of the river (great meadow)." ?
19* 291
Wobegilseebis Goose Creek, Addison County, Vt. Abnaki, li-
terally * 'goose creek/*
Woboostook Baker Stream, Somerset County, Me. Abnaki,
"white water (or clear water) river/'
Wochokieskquas Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, ''place near the
mountains."
Wochsquammuguck Brook, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"salmon fishing place."
Woepecket see Weepecket.
Wojahosen Rock Dunder, Chittenden County, Vt. Abnaki, "For-
bidder's Rock." This boulder, sometimes called "Guardian
Rock," figures prominently in folk lore.
Wokonocob River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag, "edge
(or end) of the rocks" (or "curved ledge" ?)
Wollamansak sepe Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "red-
earth country stream."
Wollimosset see Molligwasset.
Wolomonopaug Norfolk County, Mass. Pennacook? "red paint
pond" ? Also Wolomopoag.
Wolomopoag Pond, Norfolk County, Mass. Nipmuck, "beautiful
pond" or "shallow pond," (perhaps "dog pond" ?).
Wolopeconnet Pond, Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic,
"shallow enclosed cove," or perhaps "fine cleared land."
Wombemando Island, Penobscot County, Me. Abnaki, "white
devil." This term was applied to Maj. Robert Rogers of the
Rangers, who surprised and burned St. Francis in 1759.
Wombemesisacook Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "place
of the white fruit, or white nuts;" chestnuts. Also Wombam-
sicunk, Wombameescock, etc.
Womenshenick Brook, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place
of steep rocks."
Wonalancet Mountain and Village, Carroll County, N. H. Penna-
cook, Wonalancet, "The Governor," was a great Pennacook
chief who led his people to new homes in Canada during the
middle 1670's.
Wonasquam see Annisquam.
Wonasquatuckett Stream, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"at the end of the tidal stream."
292
Wonastitguk meadows at West River, Windham County, Vt.
Abnaki, ''place at the end of the river."
Wonchesick see Woonsechocksett.
Wonckompsk Brook, Hampden County, Mass. Mohican? "end of
the rocks," or "rocky bend" ? Also given as Wanckompss.
Wongateeg Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "place at the bend."
Wongatuck or Wongattuck, see Wanungatuck.
Wongonshock see Wongimshoake, below.
Wongum Middlesex County, Conn. Wangtmk, "a bend."
Wongumbaug Lake, Tolland County, Conn. Mohegan, "overflowed
pond," or Nipmuck, "crooked pond."
Wongiin Hampshire County, Mass. Nipmuck, "the bend."
Wongimk Hartford County, Conn. Wangunk, "the bend" in the
Connecticut River at Glastonbury. This gave the name to the
Wangunk tribe which controlled a large area.
Wongunshoake Hartford County, Conn. Mohegan, "place at the
bend." See Ungwonshackook.
Wonickcomquacke River, Plymouth County, Mass. Wampanoag,
"long crooked marsh," ? or "meadow swamp place" ? Another
spelling, Wonocomquake.
Wonkees-ohke "fox country;" another name for King Philip.
Wonkemaug Pond, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "fish
curing place at the bend of the river."
Wonketopic see Wanchatopeck.
Wonkituck Windham County, Conn. Nipmuck, "crooked river."
Wonkkecomaug see Wonkemaug.
Wonksacoxet see Woonksechocksett.
Wonksunkamug Pond, Hartford County, Conn. Mahican ? "fishing
place at the bend in the stream."
Woonashquoom see Annisquam.
Wonnehockset Merrimack County, N. H. Pennacook, "at the place
of the beautiful trees." Variants, Hooksett, Onnahookset.
Wonnmnetonomy see Wannemetonomy.
Wonococomaug Pond, Hartford County, Conn. Nipmuck, "fish
weir" ? or "fishing place" ?
Wonokakeetookeese Little Otter Creek, Addison County, Vt.
Abnaki, "little river abode of otters."
293
Wonomenok Pond, Cheshire County, N. H. Now Monomonock
Lake, q. v.
Wononke New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "hollow place;"
probably one of the glacial kettle holes.
Wononkpakoonk Litchfield County, Conn. ? Mahican, "an open
place;" from Wunnompamukqitok, or Wunnompeukonat?
Wononpacook Lake, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "land at
the bend of the pond."
Wononsco Lake, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "place at the
bend of the pond."
Wononskopomuc Lake, Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "rocks
at the bend in the lake."
Wonimkapaugkook Lake, Litchfield County, Conn. Paugussett,
"rocky point where the lake bends."
Woodtick New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac? "boughs,
branches, or limbs," (wudtuckquash) or "piece of wood,"
(wudtukqun.)
Wookutcakoospa Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "at the
top of the rocky cliff," ? or "rock-lined pool or well." ?
Woolamonuppoque Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "red pond."
Woolastookwaguamok Baker Lake, Somerset County, Me. Ab-
naki, "near the source of the beautiful river," (the St. John's
River) .
"Woonachasset Coasters Harbor Island, Newport County, R. I.
Narragansett, "crooked little hill,"? or "at the place of se-
paration;" that is, a boundary mark?
Woonasquatucket Park, Reservoir and River, Providence County,
R. L Narragansett, "at the head of the tidal river" (as far as
the tide goes, not the source?)
Woonksechocksett Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "fox
country." See Chocksett. Another spelling, Wonksacoxet.
Woonsocket City, Hill and Reservoir, Providence County, R. I.
Nipmuck, "place of steep descent." (Or "two brook place,"
from Niswesocket.)
Wopowage Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the narrows,"
or "at the crossing place."
Wopowog Middlesex County, Conn. Wangunk, "a crossing
place."
294
Woquogonset Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, ''at the
end of the plain/' or "as far as the place at the plain."
"Woronock New Haven County, Conn. Quinnipiac, "turning place'*
or "winding stream" ? Also Oronoke. See "Woronoco.
Woronoco Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "winding about."
Other spellings, Woronoack, Worrinoke, Warronoco, etc.
Worromotogus Kennebec County, Me. Ahnaki, "coves in brook,"
near Pittston. See Wallamatogus.
Worumbo Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "a cove or bay."
Woruntuck an ancient Massachusetts village; location uncertain.
Mohican? "winding river."
Wotchaugh Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "hill
place."
Wotesamoonsuck Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett,
"junction of brooks."
Wowoskepaug see Usquepaug.
Woxadowa see Wecapaug.
Wtakantschan Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, "great wooded
mountain." This is the same as Taghkanick, q. v.
Wullamanic Hill, Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
place of red paint."
Wune Wahjet (Indian Hill Cemetery) Middlesex County, Conn.
Wangunk? Natick? "at the place of the good mountain," of
"on the beautiful hill."
Wunnamuktukoogk Barnstable County, Mass. Wampanoag, "g00^
fishing place at the river."
Wunnaqueckset Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the end"
or "end-place." (Probably a boundary mark.)
Wunnashowatuckqut Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "wher*
the river splits" or "at the river fork."
Wunnegimset Hill, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "bowl
shaped place."
Wunnompamukquock Fairfield County, Conn. Wappinger, "in
the open place;" an intervale. See also, Wononkpakook.
Wunohke Norfolk County, Mass. Natick, "good land."
Wuskowhananaukit Worcester County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at th:4
abode of pigeons," or "pigeon country."
395
Wussquackheag see Squakheag.
Wussquamhegonset places below the falls on tributaries to the Pe-
nobscot River, Me. Penohscot-Ahnaki , "at the place where
fish can be scooped out in a net." See also Quamphegan.
Wuthommonassak River, New Haven County, Conn. Hammo-
nassett, "at the small well" ? See Hammonassett.
Wuttochoquisk Tolland County, Conn. Nifmuck, "rocky hill."
Variants, Wachaqueage and Wochokeisqiias.
Wuttoonug River, Fairfield County, Conn. Mohican, "rocky
place."
Wyantenuc Litchfield County, Conn. Mahican, "at the parley-
place." Possibly this was the council place near Bantam.
Wyapumscut Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "place of
rushes,"? or "place at end of rocks."? Another source gives
"hill (or rocky hill) at end of cove." Variant, Wyaxcumscut.
Wyasup Lake, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "flags, or
wild flax, or rushes."
Wyben Hampden County, Mass. Nipmitck, "white stuff" (possibly
a fabric made from inner bark.)
Wyngaersheek Essex County, Mass. Not an Indian name, but
Dutch: Wyngaer's Hoek, i. e., Wyngaer's Point.
Wyoma Lake, Essex County, Mass. Natick, "a gathering," ? or
Delaware, "a flat place" ?
Wyoming Essex County, Mass. and Washington County, R. I.
Delaware, "the large prairie."
Wytopitlock Village, Aroostook County, Me. Ahnaki, "at the
place where there are alders."
-X-
Xsebem Moosehead Lake, Piscataquis County, Me. Ahnaki,
"extensive water," or "big lake."
-Y-
Yacum Hill, Hillsboro County, N. H. No satisfactory translation.
If Indian, perhaps Natick, "yonder house."
Yageshon Bear Notch, Orange County, Vt. Mohawk, "among the
rocks."
296
Yagompoh Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "that
opening (mouth of stream) is crooked."
Yagompsh New London County, Conn. Narragansett, "on that
side of the rock," or "extended rocks."
Yagunsk New London County, Conn. Eastern Niantic, "on that
side of the rock" or "extended rocks."
Yankee Tuladi Brook, Aroostook County, Me. EngHsh and
Malecite, "togue" or "nammycush," or "fork-tailed trout,"
but see Tulanic.
Yanondasa hills in Essex County, Vt. Huron, "small mountains,
or foothills."
Yantic River and Village, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"as far as the tide goes up this side of the river."
Yantuc River, New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "extended
river," or "going as far as the tidal stream;" also "on that
side (one side) of the stream." Other spellings Yomtack and
Yontahque.
Yantuckkoyog Windham County, Conn. ? Mohegan, "boundary
place of the extended stream," or "source of the stream"?
Yashkwongunnuck Pond, New London County, Conn. Mohegan,
"place of the extended pond or lake or fishing place." Other
spellings, Yoskcowwongamuck and Yaskowunganuck, some-
times translated as "extended bends."
Yaubucks New London County, Conn. Mohegan? "on that side
(or one side) of the small pond."
Yawgobby New London County, Conn. Mohegan, "extended
rocks."
Yawgoo Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "red
pond" ? or "fire place" ? or "as far as this place" ? Variants,
Yawgoag, Yawgoog, Yawgook, Yawcook.
Yawgoog Pond, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "one
side of the pond," or perhaps "here are many lice."
Yawgimsk Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "as
far as that rock."
Yayompoh Brook, Washington County, R. I. Narragansett, "that
opening (mouth of stream) is crooked." Also Yogompoh.
Yeapskasset River, York County, Me. Ahnaki, "near that big
rock."
297
Yecompsky New London County, or Windham County, Conn. ?
Mohegan, "as far as those rocks." (A boundary marker.)
Also Yeeompsky and Yeeomskgie.
Yennenstyaks Frankhn County, Vt. Mohawk? "one breaks corn
grain" or "corn seeds broken by crushing." Possibly the site
of extensive corn meal grinding.
Yeushquatuck Windham County, Conn. Mohegan? or Pequot?
"as far as the river extends," or "as far as the end of the
river."
Yewtack New London County, Conn. ? Mohegan- Pequot, "fire
place." Yotaanit is given as "fire-god" by Roger Williams.
Yocum Pond, Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican, from the name
of Sagamore Yokun, or "Captain Yoghum." Also Yokun.
Yokiin Seat (Mountain), Berkshire County, Mass. Mahican,
from the name of Chief Yokun, or Yoghum, a Stockbridge
who aided Jonathan Edwards in 1788.
Yomtack see Yantuc.
Yomtonoc Washington County, R. I. Eastern Niantic, "flood
tide there." Variant, Yomtunnock.
Yontahque see Yantuc.
Yoskowwimganuck see Yashkwongunnuck.
Yotenyatarokte Lake Champlain below the Narrows, Rutland
County, Vt. Mohawk, "end of the lake." (Found in older
works as Caniaderi-Oit, "tail of the lake.")
Yowimck homuck Hampden County, Mass. Nipmuck, "at the
other side, or end, of that field."
-z-
Zooquageers a name applied to the Ahnakis along Lake Champ-
lain, Vt. by themselves and their relatives. Probably from
Ahnaki, Sokokis, "those of the southern part," or "those of
the river outlet." Variant, Zooquagees.
298
APPENDIX
The following section presents a glossary of the most common
root words found incorporated into various Algonquian place
names. In the first column are the English equivalents, arranged
alphabetically, giving as closely as is possible the sense conveyed
by the Algonquian term. In the second column are those place
names found in Northern New England, (NNE), which incor-
porate these roots, together with variant forms.
The third column, in italics, lists the root itself which has been
incorporated into the preceding place name. Literal translations
are included to more clearly explain the usage.
In the fourth column are those place names more commonly
found in Southern New England dialects, (SNE), and the final
column again gives the root term found in the preceding, as well
as literal interpretations.
It is the hope of the compiler that this wiU enable the interested
r.eader to make further analyses of Algonquian geographical terms,
and also that it will more clearly reveal the methods whereby the
Indian joined various phonemes to form such place names.
300
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